涨时代的机遇与挑战

让价格再飞一会 盘点2010白酒行业的关键词,“涨”字无疑是最热门的话题：方便面涨价了,鸡蛋涨价了,面粉涨价了,燃油涨价了,蔬菜涨价了,食用油涨价了,棉花涨价了,水电费涨价了……很多人不禁感慨：“除了工资,身边的一切都涨了!”     

对鲐鱼罐头生产工艺的改进

利用改进后的工艺生产出来的罐头。不仅提高了产品质量增加了鲐鱼罐头品种系列,也节约了原副材料,充分利用了鲐鱼本身油脂多的特点,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效益。     

自己动手,丰衣足食

忽然之间,通胀了。超市里,米贵了,面贵了,油贵了,连卷纸都在涨。菜场里,青菜贵了,海鲜贵了,各种肉也贵了。一时之间,贵气袭来,席卷了我们的生活。我们的收入没变,但是能够换来的实物越来越少了。     

中国黄酒的科研现状及发展

论述了中国黄酒近年的发展与行业整体科技水平的提升。酿造企业在设备上已,一泛实现了机械化与半机械化;工艺技术上在传统工艺的基础上应用了新工艺与新技术,提高了产品的质量安全水平;产品包装上出现了精美高雅的各式包装：产品品种上以新风格口感为导向,开发改变了单一的风格特征;在功能性研究上,除发现了γ-氨基丁酸外,还对黄酒中的功能性物质进行了深入的研究。     

大型纺织科学共享数据库的开发

针对目前纺织企业、科研机构及高等院校对纺织科学数据的大量需求,提出了建设基于网络的大型纺织科学共享数据库的方案并予以实施。详细分析了目前已有纺织科学数据平台所存在的问题,给出了共享数据库的建设方案及总体结构模块图。对数据库建设的重要问题数据来源给出了具体方法,阐述了数据库的分段方法及格式设定,并列出了数据库的具体内容。针对纺织特点对大型数据库的维护方法提出了建议。最后分析了该数据库建设的创新性,并对数据库的前景进行了展望。     

略谈梳棉机针布的维护制度

从清花车间的管理,梳棉自停装置的检查及针布表面清洁制度的建立等方面介绍了梳棉机针布维护方面的经验,通过维护制度的建立执行,使针布损伤率下降了5个百分点,减少了设备事故,降低了不正常物料的投入,稳定了产品质量,提高了经济效益.     

氯化钾三效蒸发工艺

氯化钾采用三效蒸发,充分利用了热能,改变了沿用多年的落后工艺、降低了生产成本,为氯化钾生产开辟了新思路;自动控制系统的引用大大降低了工人的劳动负荷,且提高了操作的精度,使氯化钾生产首次实现自动化;三效蒸发系统的成功运行不仅降低了生产成本还为下游产品提供了优质充足的原料。     

水解胶原蛋白及其表征的研究进展

本文简单介绍了胶原蛋白的结构和用途，总结了提取胶原蛋白的方法。归纳了胶原蛋白的结构表征方法，阐述了胶原蛋白分子量的测定方法，为胶原蛋白的应用提供了一定的依据。最后，本文还对胶原蛋白分子量的控制进行了展望。     

爱是天下最美的味道

吃饱穿暖，是人类生存最基本的需求。如今生活好了，吃穿都不愁了，但一种食物是否真正称得上是美食，那就因人而异了。所谓“饥了香，饱了臭”，在今天看来都算不上什么美食。但当年我们把这些在今天看来再平常不过的食物都吃出了美味，吃出了好的心情，吃出了智慧。     

塔城地区纤检所开展内容丰富的“3·15”活动

“3·15”当日．在所领导的带领下,在乌苏市名品广场设立了宣传台．悬挂了“改善民生,促进消费”宣传条幅,接待了消费者咨询100人次．解答了消费者提出的有关问题．发放了法律法规宣传单1000余份．现场展示了黑心棉网套,劣质棉衣,不合格纺织品等．塔城地区纤检所执法人员向群众讲解了如何鉴别假冒伪劣商品的有关知识．塔城地区纤检所的这一行动得到了广大市民的认可。（来源：塔城地区纤检所）     

假性棉结初探

通过对织物上假性棉结形成原因,分布状况控制措施进行初步探讨,指出假性棉结对斜卡类织物的布面风格有较大影响,其形成原因是经纱与机件反复磨擦,改变了浮游纤维分布状态所致,在布面上的出现规律是斜卡类、经面锻纹类大于类织物;纯棉织物大于涤棉混纺织物,控制好因磨擦产生的毛羽增加率,合理配置工艺及维持适宜的温湿度,假性棉结可以得到有效控制。     

Bacterial populations on teat ends of dairy cows housed in free stalls and bedded with either sand or sawdust

The main objectives of the experiment were: 1) to compare bacterial populations of mastitis-causing organisms on the teats of lactating dairy cattle housed on sand and sawdust bedding and, 2) to examine the relationship between bacterial counts present in the 2 bedding types with those on teat ends. Sixteen lactating Holstein cows were housed on either sand or sawdust-bedded free stalls using a crossover design with 3 wk per bedding type. Bedding samples were collected on d 0 (prior to animals lying on the bedding), 1, 2, and 6. Teat ends were sampled prior to the morning milking on d 1, 2, and 6. All samples were analyzed to determine coliform, Klebsiella spp., and Streptococcus spp. populations. There were 2 times more coliforms and 6 times more Klebsiella bacteria on teat ends of cows housed on sawdust compared with those housed on sand. In contrast, there were 10 times more Streptococcus spp. bacteria on teat ends of cows when housed on sand compared with sawdust. In both sawdust and sand bedding, coliforms, Klebsiella and Streptococcus counts increased over each experimental week, although patterns varied with bedding and bacteria type. Bacterial counts on teat ends were correlated with bacterial counts in sawdust (r = 0.47, 0.69, and 0.60 for coliforms, Klebsiella spp., and streptococci, respectively) and in sand (r = 0.35 for coliforms and r = 0.40 for Klebsiella spp.). In conclusion, coliforms and Klebsiella spp. on teat ends were more numerous when cows were housed on sawdust bedding, but Streptococcus spp. were more numerous on teat ends of cows housed on sand.     

High-quality forage can replace concentrate when cows enter the deposition phase without negative consequences for milk production

Mobilization and deposition in cows are different strategies of metabolism; hence, the aim was to study the possibility of reducing the crude protein (CP) supply during deposition to limit the use of protein supplements and minimize the environmental impact. A total of 61 Jersey and 107 Holstein cows were assigned to 4 mixed rations in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 concentrate to forage ratios (CFR) and 2 CP levels: high CFR (40:60) and recommended CP [16% of dry matter (DM); HCFR-RP], high CFR (40:60) and low CP (14% of DM; HCFR-LP), low CFR (30:70) and recommended CP (16% of DM; LCFR-RP), and low CFR (30:70) and low CP (14% of DM; LCFR-LP), where RP met the Danish recommendations. Cows were fed concentrate in an automatic milking unit. After calving, cows were fed HCFR-RP until entering deposition, defined as 11 kg (Jersey) or 15 kg (Holstein) of weight gain from the lowest weight after calving. Subsequently, cows either remained on HCFR-RP or changed to one of the other mixed rations. Comparing strategies during wk 9 to 30 of lactation showed higher dry matter intake (DMI) of mixed ration on HCFR compared with LCFR and on RP compared with LP. The DMI of the concentrate was higher on LCFR than on HCFR and higher on LP than on RP, resulting in overall higher DMI on HCFR and RP than on LCFR and LP. Crude protein intakes were higher on RP than on LP and starch intakes were higher on HCFR than on LCFR. Intakes of neutral detergent fiber tended to be higher on LCFR than on HCFR. Intakes of net energy for lactation were affected by CFR and CP level, with a higher intake on HCFR and RP than on LCFR and LP. No interactions were found between CFR and CP level for any feed intake variables. Yields of milk and energy-corrected milk were higher on RP than on LP, with no difference in yield persistency after the ration change. Milk composition did not differ among strategies but the protein to fat ratio was higher on HCFR than on LCFR and tended to be lower on RP than on LP. Differences in fatty acid composition were small, and de novo synthesis was high (>60%). Energy efficiency was higher on LCFR than on HCFR and no interaction with breed or parity was found. The N efficiency was higher on LP than RP, but with an interaction with breed due to lower N efficiency in Jersey than Holstein cows on HCFR-RP but higher N efficiency in Jersey than Holstein on LCFR-LP. In dairy production, concentrate in the mixed ration can be substituted with high-quality forage during deposition without negative effects on milk yield and composition when a sufficient CP level is ensured.     

基于视觉图像识别的番茄表面农药残留量无损检测方法

为了提高对番茄表面农药残留量的准确检测能力,提出一种基于视觉图像识别的番茄表面农药残留量无损检测方法。采用激光成像技术进行番茄表面农药残留区域视觉图像采集,对采集的番茄表面图像进行农药残留量的光谱特征分析,提取番茄表面农药残留区域的边缘轮廓特征,根据特征提取结果进行番茄表面农药残留区域视觉图像重构,在重构的区域图像中采用分块匹配技术进行番茄表面农药残留量区域分割,结合自适应分块特征匹配方法实现番茄表面农药残留量检测识别。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行番茄表面农药残留量的无损性较好,输出图像的信息饱和度较高,提高了对番茄表面农药残留量的准确检测能力,在番茄病虫害防治和农药的去除等方面具有很好的应用价值。     

基于百度指数的传统印染技艺公众关注度分析

以扎染技艺、蜡染技艺和蓝印花布印染技艺为研究对象,基于百度搜索指数分析公众对传统印染技艺的关注度。通过Holt-Winters模型进行序列分解,分析公众关注度的变化趋势和周期特点。结果表明:公众对扎染关注度逐年上升,对蜡染关注度在波动上升后几乎维持不变,对蓝印花布关注度在缓慢上升后有所下降,三者以年为周期波动的规律明显。SARIMA模型对三个序列的预测结果表明:扎染的公众关注度将持续增长,蜡染关注度将基本维持在原有水平,蓝印花布关注度将略有下降。文章从国家政策、人群分布、工艺特点等方面对两种模型所得结论进行解释分析,并给出合理化建议。     

Reducing dry period length to simplify feeding transition cows: milk production, energy balance, and metabolic profiles

Sixty-five Holstein cows were used to evaluate management schemes involving altered dry period (DP) lengths on subsequent milk production, energy balance (EB), and metabolic variables. Cows were assigned to one of 3 treatments: traditional 56-d DP (fed a low-energy diet from -56 to -29 d and a moderate energy diet from -28 d to parturition; T), 28-d DP (continuously fed a high energy diet; S), and no planned DP (continuously fed a high energy diet; N). Prepartum DM intake (DMI), measured from 56 d prepartum through parturition, was lower for cows on the T treatment than for cows on the S treatment and was higher for cows on the N treatment than for cows on the S treatment. There were no differences in prepartum plasma glucose, and beta-hydroxybutryric acid; there was a treatment by time interaction for prepartum plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA). There was no difference in prepartum liver triglyceride (TG); postpartum liver TG was decreased for cows on the N treatment compared with cows on the S treatment, but was similar for cows on the T and S treatments. Postpartum NEFA was similar between cows on the T and S treatments, but was greater for cows on the S treatment than for cows on the N treatment. Postpartum glucose was greater for cows on the N treatment compared with cows on the S treatment and tended to be greater for cows on the S treatment than for cows on the T treatment. There was no difference in postpartum solids-corrected milk (SCM) production or DMI by cows on the T vs. S treatment. However, there was a tendency toward lower postpartum SCM production by cows on the N vs. S treatment and a tendency for greater postpartum DMI by cows on the N vs. S treatment. Postpartum EB was greater for cows on the S vs. T treatment and the N vs. S treatment. In general, T and S management schemes had similar effects on DMI, SCM, and metabolic variables in the first 70 d of the subsequent lactation. Eliminating the DP improved energy and metabolic status.     

饮料主剂生产中的质量控制

对饮料主剂生产的质量控制，例如进料控制、过程控制、成品控制、不合格品控制以及产品标识和可追溯性控制等进行了论述。     

乌头总生物碱贴片皮肤安全性的研究

目的观察乌头总生物碱贴片对动物皮肤的毒性作用。方法用健康新西兰兔进行皮肤单次及多次给药刺激性实验;用健康豚鼠进行皮肤过敏性实验。结果乌头总生物碱贴片中剂量组单次给药时未见对新西兰兔完整皮肤有刺激性反应,对破损皮肤有轻度刺激性;多次给药对兔完整皮肤无刺激反应,对破损皮肤有中度刺激反应。但停药后刺激反应消失,皮肤恢复正常。乌头总生物碱贴片中剂量组对豚鼠完整皮肤无致敏作用。结论乌头总生物碱贴片皮肤局部用药有较好的安全性,为临床应用提供了安全性保证。乌头总生物碱贴片的处方合理,制备工艺可靠。     

果蔬贮藏保鲜产业现状、研究进展与科技支持

简要介绍了我国果蔬贮藏保鲜的现状,指出了当前果蔬贮藏的主要问题。论述了国内外有关果蔬贮藏保鲜的新技术及研究进展情况,包括:天然果蔬保鲜剂的研究、利用调压技术贮藏、臭氧及负氧离子保鲜、利用生物技术保鲜、静电场处理贮藏、低剂量辐射处理和紫外线处理保鲜以及细胞水结构化气调保鲜等国内外近几年发展起来的现代果蔬贮藏保鲜技术。并阐述了科技对我国果蔬贮藏保鲜产业的支撑作用。     

基于高通量测序技术分析不同地区自然陈化广陈皮表面微生物群落多样性

采用高通量测序技术对不同地区自然陈化1年广陈皮表面微生物群落多样性进行分析,比较群落结构的差异。结果表明,不同地区自然陈化1年广陈皮微生物丰富度和多样性差异不显著（P＞0.05）,群落结构相似,但相对丰度存在差异。北京地区优势细菌属为Methylocella、苔藓杆菌属（Bryobacter）等,优势真菌属为短梗霉属（Aureobasidium）、炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum）等;四川地区优势细菌属为甲基杆菌属（Methylobacterium）、鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、乳球菌属（Lactococcus）等,优势真菌属为Symmetrospora、曲霉属（Aspergillus）等;广东地区优势细菌属为Rubellimicrobium、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）等,优势真菌属为假尾孢属（Pseudocercospora）、毛壳菌属（Chaetomium）等;云南地区优势细菌属为罗尔斯顿菌属（Ralstonia）、Glutamicibacter等,优势真菌属为平脐疣孢属（Zasmidium）、拟暗球腔菌属（Phaeosphaeriopsis）等。