南水北调沙河U形渡槽混凝土浇筑施工技术研究

介绍了南水北调中线沙河Ⅰ标预制渡槽混凝土浇筑施工技术。大型预制渡槽混凝土的浇筑质量是整个渡槽预制的核心部分,渡槽预制质量的优劣直接关系到整套预制工艺的合理性,经过认真分析、现场试验、多次总结、专家咨询等多种途径优化渡槽浇筑工艺。     

矩形渡槽槽身预制施工技术分析

文中结合工程概况,通过孟楼渡槽30 m跨三向预应力加肋矩形预制渡槽,施工关键工序及施工创新性技术实践,较系统的反映了大型加肋矩形渡槽槽身预制施工技术的实际应用情况。     

移动式造槽机在槽身施工中的应用

造槽机是一套由架桥机原理移植到水工渡槽施工中的专用设备.该系统用于水工渡槽槽身砼浇筑在国内水工建筑史上尚属首次.通过该先进技术在水利建设工程中的运用,有效地解决了大型薄壁渡槽混凝土施工技术难题.     

1200T级矩形加肋渡槽架设施工技术

渡槽是广泛运用于引水式电站、灌溉及城镇供水等输水工程中的主要建筑物。某调水工程孟楼渡槽为目前国内最大的矩形多肋预制渡槽,安装精度要求高,施工难度大。就长距离1 200 T级大跨度预制渡槽架设技术、槽身安装施工工艺及安全措施进行了阐述和分析,该技术采用新型渡槽提、运、架专用设备,沿工程线路架设安装,实现大型预制渡槽工程高效施工。     

1200t加肋矩形渡槽槽身整体预制综合技术

渡槽在引(调)水工程中应用非常广泛,针对单榀渡槽自重达1 200 t的矩形薄壁渡槽,采用预制吊装工艺技术施工在国内却非常少见。文章从制槽厂总体布置设计、渡槽整体预制和安装及安全管理等方面阐明了鄂北调水工程孟楼渡槽1 200 t加肋简支矩形渡槽综合技术,为其他类似大型预制渡槽工程提供了实例。。     

下浒山水库工程架桥机施工技术分析

根据下浒山水库工程特性,本文分析了桥机架设桥梁的准备、施工布置、预制梁和架桥机的安装与拆除等施工技术。     

浅谈预制砼U型薄壳渡槽的施工

预制砼Ｕ型薄壳渡槽施工的重点和难点在于槽身的预制，介绍了忻州市牧马河渡槽施工中所取得的较为成功的经验．     

沙河渡槽大型架槽机施工应用技术研究

南水北调中线沙河渡槽为预应力渡槽,具有断面尺寸大、质量大的特点,渡槽架设采用我国尚未有先例的大型架槽机安装。参照我国公路、铁路大型架桥机的设计与施工经验,对渡槽安装工法的关键环节和主要影响因素包括提槽、架槽、运槽以及提槽吊点、架槽导梁支撑、运槽安全性等,进行了分析。在此基础上,开发了大型渡槽架槽机并成功地应用于沙河渡槽工程中,填补了我国大型架槽机施工工法及成套设备的空白。     

南水北调中线沙河渡槽关键技术研究与应用

为了保证沙河渡槽工程质量与安全可靠性,针对工程布置、结构选型与设计以及施工开展了一系列技术研究与试验。主要介绍沙河渡槽选址选线、渡槽总体结构选型与布置、水头优化分配、水力学模型试验、结构分析研究、槽身架槽机施工技术方案研究、预制槽蒸养温控仿真研究、原型槽充水与止水试验、预应力张拉试验、桩基静载试验等技术研究与试验成果。对于完善大流量预应力渡槽的设计理论,以及推动大型渡槽机械化施工具有重要的推广价值。     

大截面长距离预制装配式渡槽快速施工技术在廖坊灌区二期工程中的应用

廖坊水利枢纽灌区二期工程工期紧。作为制约工期的关键工序,大截面预制装配式渡槽槽身预制工作量大。通过施工方案比较,采用工厂内预制槽身及优先使用预制管桩成桩的预制装配式渡槽快速施工技术,创新了预制渡槽的建造方式。此技术具有施工速度快、工艺简单、节能环保等特点,并可降低工程造价,有较好的推广应用前景。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.