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Localization of a wireless device using the time-ofarrivals (TOAs) from different base stations has been studied extensively in the literature. Numerous localization algorithms with different accuracies, computational complexities, a-priori knowledge requirements, and different levels of robustness against non-line-of-sight (NLOS) bias effects also have been reported. However, to our best knowledge, a detailed unified survey of different localization and NLOS mitigation algorithms is not available in the literature. This paper aims to give a comprehensive review of these different TOA-based localization algorithms and their technical challenges, and to point out possible future research directions. Firstly, fundamental lower bounds and some practical estimators that achieve close to these bounds are summarized for line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios. Then, after giving the fundamental lower bounds for NLOS systems, different NLOS mitigation techniques are classified and summarized. Simulation results are also provided in order to compare the performance of various techniques. Finally, a table that summarizes the key characteristics of the investigated techniques is provided to conclude the paper. 相似文献
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Al-Jazzar S. Caffery J. Heung-Ryeol You 《Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on》2007,56(2):583-593
In this paper, we address methods of mitigating one of the major issues affecting wireless location accuracy in land mobile terrestrial environments: nonline-of-sight (NLOS) propagation. In order to improve location accuracy under such conditions, we propose a novel methodology for NLOS environments based on the use of scattering models to classify propagation environments. The scattering models allow modeling of the NLOS error so that the NLOS effect can be incorporated into a location algorithm. Through the use of the scattering models, we develop three novel location techniques based on the statistics of measured ranges via moment matching, the expectation maximization algorithm, and a Bayesian algorithm. Simulation results and discussion are given to illustrate the performance in typical NLOS environments. The results show that the algorithms provide improvement over traditional location algorithms 相似文献
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在基于TDOA数据融合算法的基础上,给出了一种在非视距环境下改进型数据融合模型。该模型利用联合卡尔曼法消除偏差较大的测量值对后续估计值的影响,有效抑制了卡尔曼滤波的不收敛,降低了对可采用系数的限制,从而使可采用的系数进一步降低,更大程度地消除了非视距误差,提高定位精度。 相似文献
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无线网络中TOA定位算法的误差分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用误差分析的方法探讨了影响无线网络定位精度的有关因素。其定位误差主要取决于网络中各信标台的几何分布,及各测量值的大小。仿真显示:不同的信标组合其定位误差不同,通过TOA定位算法的分析、仿真及总结,给出了影响定位精度因素及提高定位精度的方法,为移动台的定位方案的选取提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Mobility-Assisted Node Localization Based on TOA Measurements Without Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Hongyang Chen Bin Liu Pei Huang Junli Liang Yu Gu 《Mobile Networks and Applications》2012,17(1):90-99
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been proposed for a multitude of location-dependent applications. To stamp the collected
data and facilitate communication protocols, it is necessary to identify the location of each sensor. In this paper, we discuss
the performance of two novel positioning schemes, which use two generalized geometrical localization algorithms to achieve
an accurate estimation based on time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements without time synchronization. In order to improve the network
performance and address the limitations of static WSNs on position estimation, a mobile anchor is utilized effectively and
two attractive movement strategies for mobile anchor are designed accordingly. The effectiveness of our approaches is validated
and compared with the traditional Trilateration method by extensive simulations. 相似文献
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基于CC2431的无线定位系统 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
在固定环境下对移动目标定位可使用的技术主要有超声波定位技术、射频识别技术以及基于接收信号强度(RSSI)的定位技术。经过比较,基于接收信号强度(RSSI)的定位技术更适合于复杂的环境。文中介绍了基于RSSI定位机制的zigbee芯片/CC2431片内集成定位引擎在定位系统中的应用,并在室内环境下进行了实测,其定位效果良好。 相似文献
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一种在NLOS环境下提高精度的TDOA定位方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据NLOS传播环境下附加传播时延和均方根时延扩展的统计特性,对NLOS误差的均值和方差进行了估计,并对TDOA(到达时间差)的测量值和方差进行了修正,在一定程度上消除了NLOS误差的影响.采用Chn算法对移动台(MS)位置进行定位.仿真结果表明,该方法能够提高Chan算法在NLOS传播环境下的定位精度. 相似文献
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现有的无线传感器网络定位算法未考虑非直达波误差,由于无线传感器网络中任意两节点之间都可能存在通信,因此其定位问题比无线蜂窝通信系统更为复杂.为了解决现有节点定位算法未考虑非直达波误差的问题,依据分布式节点定位体系结构,提出非直达波环境下的基于几何特性的节点定位算法.该算法将不等式约束、非直达波统计特征和稳健代价函数等非直达波抑制准则,与无线传感器节点定位手段如距离测量矩阵相结合,仿真结果表明,它在无线传感器网络定位应用中要优于其他的定位算法. 相似文献
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Estimating a location of mobile station is considerable interest in wireless cellular systems. This letter deals with a hybrid time-of-arrival (TOA)/angle-of-arrival (AOA) mobile location estimation under relatively low signal-to-noise ratio and moderately nonline-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. To reduce location estimation errors, a robust estimator for hybrid TOA/AOA location systems is proposed by using the minimax mean-squared error (MSE) criterion. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed estimator significantly outperforms the other least squares estimators. 相似文献
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基于射线寻迹的原理,提出了一种对被动声源进行非视距定位的方法。非视距声信号通常经过绕射到达基阵,根据广义费马原理,传播路径为一条短程线。在地理信息已知和多个基阵已测得声信号波达方向的情况下,对绕射信号的短程线上的离散点进行了射线寻迹,然后分析寻迹结果得到了有用的声源位置信息。障碍物为圆柱形或球形构成的仿真结果表明,声源位置估计值分布于一段平滑单调的曲线上。 相似文献
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基于移动通信环境中非视距(NLOS)传播时延服从指数分布的特性,提出了一种改善移动台定位精度的波达时间(TOA)数据处理方法.NLOS传播时延是TOA测量误差的一部分,是基站与移动台距离的指数函数,具有正偏置的特性,因此TOA测量值越大其误差越大.对所有的TOA测量数据进行分析,仅保留误差最小的3个,然后再采用最小二乘(LS)法估计移动台的坐标.仿真结果表明,该TOA数据处理方法能够明显改善NLOS传播环境下的定位精度,在系统测量误差较小时对LOS传播条件下的定位精度几乎没有影响. 相似文献
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基于辐射源的信号到达时间(TOA)和到达方向(DOA)信息,利用修正增益扩展卡尔曼滤波方法,对固定单站侦察设备的空中和海上目标进行无源定位,仿真计算验证算法的有效性. 相似文献
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提出两种在WLAN环境下利用RSSI值与距离之间关系进行定位的匹配算法。分别对两种算法的原理进行理论分析,建立算法实现的模型,使之在不同情况下都能够精确地计算匹配结果。提出实现算法的基本流程,并对算法本身的特点进行了理论分析。分析表明通过该方法的修正可以明显改善定位的精度。 相似文献
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呼叫系统被广泛应用在各种场合,针对呼叫系统中人员位置确定和呼叫处理等问题,设计出一套基于Zigbee定位技术的无线呼叫系统.该系统具有人员定位、呼叫处理和自动通知等功能,采用CC2530模块作为固定设备,CC2431模块作为移动设备,通过RSSI定位方法确定移动设备位置.由上位机软件处理呼叫命令,通过比较设备间距离选择与呼叫设备距离较近的服务设备,达到快速响应呼叫的目的. 相似文献