沥青混凝土路面可靠性水平评价研究

基于材料的性能衰变机理,对材料的抗剪切、抗温裂、抗疲劳、抗水损强度衰减规律进行了研究,建立了强度性能衰减与保有系数分布密度函数的关系模型,并通过材料内部损伤可靠性水平和表观破损状况对该模型进行修正,实现了通过表征强度性能衰减分布规律的可靠性水平对路面状况进行评价.研究表明:当抗剪切、抗温裂可靠性水平均低于0.85,或者抗疲劳、抗水损可靠性水平均低于0.75时路面将发生剪切变形、温裂、疲劳、水损害等病害;而总可靠性水平低于0.65时,需要实施预防性养护;抗水损可靠性水平不低于0.65时进行防水处治,使得对路面进行大中修的开始时间推迟30%以上.     

6A02铝合金腐蚀疲劳断口分析

借助于扫描电镜以及能谱分析技术对预腐蚀6A02铝合金疲劳断口形貌进行了研究,分析了带有腐蚀损伤的6A02合金疲劳断口形貌以及合金中的Si,Mg等元素和腐蚀损伤对断裂过程的影响。结果表明其疲劳断口是以韧性为主的多源性断口;腐蚀损伤在试件表面形成的腐蚀坑使得材料局部弱化,成为新的裂纹萌生源;当合金中的Si,Mg元素含量能够完全形成强化相Mg2Si,而不出现单晶Si过剩相时,材料强度与塑性相匹配,能够提高材料的抗疲劳性能。     

Mechanism on progressive failure of a faulted rock slope due to slip-weakening

Slip-weakening is one of the characteristics of geological materials under certain loadings. Non-uniform rock structure may exist in the vicinity of the slip surface for a rock slope. Some portion of the slip surface may be penetrated but the other not. For the latter case, the crack or the fault surface will undergo shear deformation before it becomes a successive surface under a certain loading. As the slipped portion advances, slip-weakening occurs over a distance behind the crack tip. In the weakening zone, the shear strength will decrease from its peak value to residual friction level. The stress will redistribute along the surface of crack and in the weakening zone. Thus the changed local stress concentration leads the crack to extend and the ratio of penetration of the slip surface to increase. From the view of large-scale for the whole slip surface, the shear strength will decrease due to the damage of interior rock structure, and the faulted rock behaves as a softening material. Such a kind of mechanism performs in a large number of practical landslides in the zones experienced strong earthquakes. It should be noted that the mechanism mentioned above is different from that of the breakage of structural clay, in which the geological material is regarded as a medium containing structural lumps and structural bands. In this paper, the softening behavior of a faulted rock should be regarded as a comprehensive result of the whole complicated process including slip-weakening, redistribution of stress, extension of crack tip, and the penetration of the slip surface. This process is accompanied by progressive failure and abrupt structural damage. The size of slip-weakening zone is related to the undergoing strain. Once the relative slide is initiated (local or integrated), the effect of slip-weakening will behave in a certain length behind the crack tip until the formation of the whole slip surface.     

Mechanism on progressive failure of a faulted rock slope due to slip-weakening

1 Introduction The damage or failure of faulted rock slope is a quite difficult problem in geotechni- cal engineering, and attention has been drawn from researchers for a long time. Apart from the toppling damage of steep slopes, most of the failure pattern of faulted rockslopes is shear-typed. The failure process of such a slope includes: initiation and devel- opment of a single micro-crack, breakthrough of two or more cracks, formation of fail- ure zones, and even shear damage in large scale…     

改性多孔沥青混合料水稳定性与损伤规律

为了提高季冻区多孔沥青路面的使用质量、减轻路面冻融损伤,采用玻璃纤维、硅藻土与沥青路面旧料以改善多孔沥青混合料性能。分析不同材料掺量的多孔沥青混合料在冻融循环下的抗压强度、空隙率及应变变化,并考虑不同材料与不同材料掺量对多孔沥青混合料水稳定性的影响;基于损伤力学理论以抗压强度为指标表示强度率,研究改性多孔沥青混合料的冻融损伤演化规律;基于CT无损检测与数字图像处理技术,分析玻璃纤维多孔沥青混合料冻融前后空隙数量与空隙面积的变化规律。结果表明：混合料抗压强度随冻融循环次数的增加而降低,而空隙率与应变呈上升趋势;具有玻璃纤维掺量0.7%、沥青路面旧料掺量15%、硅藻土掺量25%和掺量15%沥青路面旧料及20%硅藻土的4种多孔沥青混合料水稳定性能最好,其中玻璃纤维的改性效果最佳;掺入玻璃纤维、15%掺量硅藻土与15%掺量沥青路面旧料能减轻多孔沥青混合料的冻融损伤,但硅藻土再生多孔沥青混合料损伤程度均较大,损伤前期强度较高,更适用于短时冻土区;与硅藻土再生多孔沥青混合料相比,玻璃纤维多孔沥青混合料、再生多孔沥青混合料与硅藻土多孔沥青混合料经历了长时间的快速损伤期、短时间的损伤稳定期与损伤发展期;玻璃纤维掺量较低的试样空隙数量增加,平均单个空隙面积减小,而掺量较高的试样表现相反。     

Dynamic Properties of Fiber Reinforced Cement Mortar

Based on the shear wave tracing(SWT) technique proposed by Tang Z P, particle velocity gauge and the dual internal measurement for pressure and shear waves (IMPS) system are applied to investigate the responses of fiber reinforced cement subjected to impact loading. Series of experiments are conducted. The results show that there exist four critical points, A, B, C, D, in p - V Hugoniot curves. They correspond to the Hugoniot elastic limit (I/EL) of the material, the critical point for shear strength limit and transition from damage state to failure state, void collapse, and solid compression, respectively. The critical point B is difficult to be aware of and never reported. However, it can be clearly disclosed with SWT method. Based on the analyses of shear strength, it can be concluded that the transversal wave, especially the unloading transversal wave, is especially important for the dynamic damage investigation of brittle materials.     

环氧树脂黏结材料与钢桥面相互作用研究

通过对目前钢桥面铺装层与钢板之间存在的问题进行分析,可知黏结层失效或脱层是钢桥面沥青混合料铺装的主要破坏类型之一,也是钢桥面铺装特有的一种破坏类型．笔者研究了黏结材料上的选取、工作温度的选定以及各温度状态下材料的性能测试,得出了材料抗剪、抗拉强度数值,对比后发现传统黏结材料已经不能满足现代工况要求,新型配比的高性能环氧树脂黏结材料需要深入研究．     

不同界面剂对新旧混凝土粘结强度影响的试验研究

增强新旧混凝土粘结强度的有效途径之一是使用界面剂,而目前对各种界面剂的粘结强度缺乏统一的评价标准,因此本文采用抗剪和抗拉试件对不同种类的界面剂和特种混凝土的粘结强度进行了试验研究。主要以抗剪粘结强度和抗拉粘结强度的相对值为评价指标,再综合考虑界面剂的性能、成本、材料的可获得性,推荐使用几种界面剂,为实际工程的应用提供参考。     

Dynamic mechanical behaviour of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concretes

Ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concretes （UHPFRC） were prepared by replacing 60% of cement with ultra-fine industrial waste powder. The dynamic mechanical behaviour of UHPFRC with different fiber volume fraction was researched on repeated compressive impact in four kinds of impact modes through split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB）. The experimental results show that the peak stress and elastic modulus decrease and the strain rate and peak strain increase gradually with the increasing of impact times. The initial material damage increases and the peak stress of the specimen decreases from the second impact with the increasing of the initial incident wave. Standard strength on repeated impact is defined to compare the ability of resistance against repeated impact among different materials. The rate of reduction of standard strength is decreased by fiber reinforcement under repeated impact. The material damage is reduced and the ability of repeated impact resistance of UHPFRC is improved with the increasing of fiber volume fraction.     

邻苯二甲腈聚合物高性能化及功能化技术途径

该文主要就性能优异的邻苯二甲腈聚合物的高强度、高模量、高热稳定性及其特种功能化技术进行探讨,重点开展聚合物合成结构的化学反应功能化设计,获得了较好加工、方便交联固化反应的热固性树脂体系,为先进复合材料的RTM 或RIM加工技术的应用提供了高性能基体树脂。通过分子结构的设计将二茂铁结构引入双邻苯二甲腈树脂结构中,获得具有居里温度大于300℃的有机磁性材料。利用邻苯二甲腈与金属或金属盐的反应特点,获得了无机-有机杂化磁性功能复合材料。通过碳纳米管表面-CN化获得了反应功能一体化的CNT/邻苯二甲腈纳米功能复合材料,通过化学控制合成技术制备了高介电常数的超支化酞菁铜,得到了高强度的聚芳醚腈介电薄膜。探讨了电场、磁场以及剪切应力场等加工方式对聚合物微结构的影响。这些功能化技术途径的探索对邻苯二甲腈聚合物的研究开发与应用具有重要的科学意义和现实意义。     

Single and multiple dynamic impacts behaviour of ultra-high performance cementitious composite

Single and multiple dynamic impacts tests were conducted on ultra-high performance cementitious composite (UHPCC) with various volume fractions of steel fibers (0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) by using the split hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Besides, the ultrasonic velocity method was used to test the damage on specimens caused by dynamic impacts. For single dynamic impact, the data suggest that UHPCC obviously presents dynamic strength enhancement. With increasing of strain rate, the peak stress and peak strain increase rapidly. For multiple dynamic impacts, the results show that addition of steel fibers can obviously enhance the properties of UHPCC to resist the repeated dynamic impacts. Firstly, the number of impacts sharply increases with the increasing of volume fraction of steel fibers. Secondly, the energy absorption ability linearly increases with addition of steel fibers. Thirdly, the steel fibers can prevent the disruption phenomenon and maintain the integrity of specimen.     

复相凝水膨胀材料充填性能影响因素实验研究

复相凝水膨胀材料是一种新型矿山充填材料。以复相凝水膨胀充填材料的抗压强度、非固相体积率、膨胀率和表征耐水性能的强度损失率为主要研究对象,通过单因素实验法、随机实验法等,调整外加剂的掺量,研究了各外加剂掺量分别对复相凝水膨胀充填材料充填性能的影响规律以及外加剂复合作用下复相凝水膨胀充填材料充填性能的变化规律。以随机实验法所获得的大量实验数据建立3D可视化模型,对多因素复合作用下复相凝水膨胀充填材料的充填性能变化规律进行了研究,并采用多项式逼近法建立了不同充填性能对应的多元非线性回归模型。结果表明：随着非晶相凝水剂（SAP）掺量的增加,充填体抗压强度和耐水性能逐渐降低;增加气相引入剂（GPA）的掺量能显著增加充填料浆的膨胀率,但会降低充填体的强度和耐水性;增大表面疏水剂（HA）掺量能降低充填体的强度损失率;复相凝水膨胀材料的3 d抗压强度性能受GPA掺量的影响最大,非固相体积率性能主要受SAP掺量的影响,膨胀率性能主要受GPA掺量的影响,强度损失率主要受HA掺量的影响。     

Behaviour of granular matter under gravity-induced stress gradient: A two-dimensional numerical investigation

Gravity is the most important load source in mining and geotechnical engineering, which causes both the stress level and stress gradient inside geomaterials. Different from the stress level, the influence of gravity-induced stress gradient on the behaviour of the material is still unknown. An in-deep study on it will help to promote the understanding of material behaviour, especially for those cases related to unconventional gravity such as terrestrial ng physical modelling and extraterrestrial resource exploitation(g is the terrestrial gravitational acceleration). In this study, a high-order homogenization for granular materials is proposed at first, in which the stress gradient is drawn into the constitutive representation by adopting a representative volume element(RVE). The consolidation and shear strength behaviour of RVE are then investigated by performing numerical biaxial tests. The results show that all the compressibility, shear strength, shear stiffness, volumetric deformation, and critical state behaviour show a stress gradient dependence. A coupling between stress gradient, stress level, and material properties is also observed. These observations suggest that, besides the stress level, extra attention needs to be paid to material responses related to stress gradient during engineering practices.     

缝合复合材料中缝线阻滞层间裂纹扩展研究

缝合复合材料层合板的层间剪切强度是影响其设计和应用的重要因素。采用三点弯的试验原理在万能材料试验机上对目前常用的一种缝合复合材料,进行层间裂纹扩展的实验观察研究。实验参考相关的试验标准,研究结果表明:由于缝线的存在,有效地阻止了材料的分层破坏,进一步说明缝合可以有效地抵抗复合材料层合板的分层问题;同时分层的位置并不一定总是在试验件的中间层上,并且各分层出现跨层延伸,说明层合板面内的纤维也出现了破坏,破坏机理是多重的。     

Tribological Property of Polyimide Porous Materials

Polyi mide(PI)is a kind of macromolecule mate-rial developed since the1950s,having superior physi-cal mechanical properties,resistance to hightempera-ture,resistance to acid and alkali,and excellent selflubricating property.Hence,it is widely applied inhigh and new-technology fields,such as the militaryindustry,electronic industry and aerospace indus-try[1].However,in the current research on the fric-tion performance of PI materials,the most concernedtopic is PI fil m materials,and it is sel…     

Macro and meso characteristics evolution on shear behavior of rock joints

Direct shear tests were conducted on the rock joints under constant normal load(CNL), while the acoustic emission(AE) signals generated during shear tests were monitored with PAC Micro-II system. Before and after shearing, the surfaces of rock joints were measured by the Talysurf CLI 2000. By correlating the AE events with the shear stress-shear displacement curve, one can observe four periods of the whole course of shearing of rock joints. By the contrast of AE location and actual damage zone, it is elucidated that the AE event is related to the morphology of the joint. With the increase of shearing times, the shear behavior of rock joints gradually presents from the response of brittle behavior to that of ductile behavior. By combining the results of topography measurement, four morphological parameters of joint surface, S p(the maximum height of joint surface), N(number of islands), A(projection area) and V(volume of joint) were introduced, which decrease with shearing. Both the joint roughness coefficient(JRC) and joint matching coefficient(JMC) drop with shearing, and the shear strength of rock joints can be predicted by the JRC-JMC model. It establishes the relationship between micro-topography and macroscopic strength, which have the same change rule with shearing.     

基于颗粒流的富水岩石冻融后拉伸力学行为研究

为了研究岩石冻融作用下的拉伸力学行为,提出基于孔隙水颗粒和颗粒膨胀的方法模拟岩石孔隙水低温相变膨胀过程,推导得到了孔隙水颗粒体积与温度和未冻水含量的关系方程.然后,采用提出的新方法开展了富水岩石冻融循环和冻融后巴西劈裂数值计算,通过与室内试验结果对比验证了提出的岩石冻融颗粒流方法的可行性和可靠性.计算结果表明:冻融循环...     

填料级配对筋土界面特性的影响

不同填料级配对筋土界面特性的影响直接关系到工程的稳定性.通过室内大型直剪试验,研究了颗粒级配、密实度、筋材种类等对于界面强度的影响,深入了解筋土界面抗剪强度以及界面剪胀特性.试验结果表明,粗颗粒和细颗粒土分别与筋材的界面强度要明显大于级配较好的标准砂与筋材的界面强度.密实砂土界面强度具有类似混凝土材料强度高韧性低脆性破坏的特性.对于土工格栅,粗颗粒砂粒由于粒径较大达到峰值强度需要较大的剪切位移.     

泥质细砂岩材料破坏与强度衰减研究

为了认识真实的岩石材料破坏和强度衰减规律,通过多组常规的单轴压缩试验和不同围压下的三轴压缩试验对泥质细砂岩的材料破坏过程和抗压强度进行了实测．把前面试验破裂形成的不规则岩块浇注在混凝土制成的“剪切壳”中,运用XJ-1型携带式剪切仪进行了自行设计的压剪试验,获得了岩块在压剪过程中的剪切力一压应力关系曲线,以此来测得破裂岩块的自身材料强度．通过对比先前压缩试验得到的极限莫尔包络线,研究了破坏前完整岩样与破坏后损伤岩块间的强度变化．讨论了不同试验方法,损伤程度,尺寸效应,材料异性对岩石强度衰减的影响．结果表明,岩石在破坏过程中环向应变与体积应变在峰后近乎以直线形式增长,岩块抗剪强度表现出尺寸效应,岩样伴随着破裂演变材料强度发生衰减．     

Experimental and numerical investigations on the tensile mechanical behavior of marbles containing dynamic damage

To investigate the degradation mechanism of static tensile mechanical behaviors of marble containing dynamic damage, multiple impact loading tests were performed on the disc marble samples, and then static Brazilian tests were conducted for the damaged samples. Besides, coupling modeling technology of finite difference method (FDM)—discrete element method (DEM) was used to carry out the numerical investigation. The results show that after multiple impacts, more white patches appear on the surface, and some microcracks, macro-fractures as well as pulverized grains are found by optical microscopic. The static tensile strength decreases with the increase of the dynamic damage variable characterized by the ultrasonic wave velocity of sample. The interaction between grains in the damaged sample becomes intense in the subsequent static loading process, causing a relatively large strain. The volume of the fragments falling off around the loading points becomes larger as impact number increases. As the dynamic damage increases, the absorbed energy of sample during the static loading first decreases and then tends to be stable. Both the stress concentration and the breakage of the force chains are the root causes of the degradation of the static tensile strength.