阵列式CMOS细胞电信号传感芯片

介绍了一种采用0.6μm标准CMOS工艺实现的阵列式细胞电生理信号传感芯片。该芯片集成了6×6单元有源传感阵列、模拟多路选择器、输出缓冲器、参考源和数字控制电路,实现了传感电路和后端信号处理电路的单片化集成。传感单元面积为60μm×60μm,包含15μm×15μm的传感电极和有源预处理电路,线性放大幅值范围100μV～25mV的微小信号,电压增益为40dB。同时单元电路采用相关二次采样工作模式,采样信号可经后续差分电路除去固定模式噪声,提高传感器的精度。在标准CMOS工艺基础上,应用lift-off工艺对电极进行后续加工,提高其生物测量适应性。并通过封装技术的改进,使芯片适合在电解液环境下工作。在溶液中的模拟生物电学测试验证了芯片的功能。     

非致冷红外焦平面阵列读出电路的设计和SPICE模拟

读出电路是非致冷红外焦平面阵列的核心部件之一,对电路进行SPICE模拟是验证电路的重要手段.针对近年来得到迅猛发展的微测辐射热计(VOx)非致冷红外焦平面阵列的特点,提出了相应CMOS读出电路的设计方案,并用PSpice 9.2给出了4×4 CMOS读出电路的实现和精确的模拟结果.模拟结果表明,该方案是适合微测辐射热计非致冷红外焦平面阵列读出电路一种较为理想的形式,同样也适合于大阵列(如160×120和320×240)的CMOS读出电路.     

芯片集成设计流程——先进的专用集成电路设计（ACD）方法

本文件介绍采用cadence Virtuoso专用集成电路设计平台所适宜使用的芯片集成设计流程，Virtuoso设计平台适宜应用于集成不同设计门类的电路模块的全定制集成电路的设计；这些模块可能涵盖模拟电路．专用数字电路，RF电路，以及存储器电路／阵列等不同电路门类。该平台可以对这些不同     

神经网络的VLSI实现

本文评述了当前神经网络电路实现的关键技术和研究现状,着重讨论了数字、模拟和脉冲流VLSI实现的电路技术及其未来发展。     

指纹识别专用集成电路中乘法器模块的设计

介绍了一种用于指纹识别专用集成电路(ASIC)的乘法器模块的设计.该乘法器模块能够处理32位的有符号数、无符号数的乘法和乘加运算.电路采用基-4的Booth编码以及改进型压缩器阵列结构.采用提出的迭代和阵列结合的结构算法,可节省芯片面积30%,提高工作频率24%.模块电路在TSMC 0.25 μm工艺上实现.该乘法器模块易于移植到其他数字处理系统.     

256单元光电管阵列四象限CMOS传感器研究

介绍了一种采用0.6μm CM O S工艺实现的256单元光电管阵列四象限CM O S光电传感器。该传感器由16×16单元有源光电管阵列,相关二次采样电路,差分放大电路和数字控制电路组成。每个有源光电管单元的尺寸为60μm×60μm,其感光面积百分比为64.5%,制造工艺与CM O S工艺兼容,实现了象限传感器与后端信号处理电路的单片化集成。通过变频二次采样的工作方式,该传感器的感光动态范围可扩大到84 dB。     

用于胚胎电子阵列的实验系统

胚胎电子阵列是新兴的研究方向,基于胚胎电子阵列实现的电路具有与生物类似的自修复、自组织等能力。当前研究多限于软件仿真,缺少相应的实验系统。设计了实验系统体系框架和电子细胞模拟模块结构并进行了实现,多块细胞模拟模块组成胚胎电子阵列,与外围的信号发生器、逻辑分析仪等仪器连接,构成胚胎电子阵列的实验系统。基于该实验系统进行了某胚胎电子阵列上目标电路的实现,实验表明,实验系统能够验证胚胎电子阵列功能,并能够监测阵列中关键信号,为研究阵列结构及自修复机制提供了硬件实验条件,具有很大的实际意义。     

用于无绳电话的嵌入式锁相频率合成器

设计了一种用于无绳电话的锁相频率合成器,可以基于ＢｉＣＭＯＳ工艺与高频接收模拟电路实现单片集成。着重讨论了鉴频／监督相器的原理、死区、最大频率限制及其输出电路。给出了硬件实现的具体线路图,并对模拟结果进行了讨论。     

一种用于X射线工业检测的多通道电荷读出IC

介绍了一种用于X射线工业检测的多通道电荷读出IC。该电荷读出IC可提供64个通道,将探测器电荷转换成模拟电压。电路由电荷放大器增益控制、增益电容阵列、时序发生器、移位寄存器链、电荷放大器阵列和采样保持放大器等组成,具有低噪声、14位动态范围等特性。电路芯片采用0.8μm标准CMOS工艺制造,芯片尺寸为3.1mm×10.9mm。电路在3.3MHz频率、5V电源电压和3.5V参考电压下工作,电路功耗为45mW。测试结果表明,在电荷放大器增益电容为0.5pF和光电二极管结电容为33pF下,电路的输出噪声达到600μV(Vrms)。     

一种高压低功耗比较器电路的设计

提出了一种高压低功耗比较器电路。该电路基于0.5 μm CMOS工艺设计,采用差分对单端输出结构,利用高压PMOS尾电流进行偏置,实现了降低功耗的目的。结果表明,该电路静态电流约为8.25 μA,工作电压范围为3～18 V,输入失调电压为5 mV,输入失调电流约6 fA,输入偏置电流约2.5 pA。该电路适用于低功耗、高压模拟模拟集成电路领域。     

Mixed signal SIMD processor array vision chip for real-time image processing

A prototype vision chip has been designed that incorporates a 20 × 64 array of processing elements on a 31 μm pitch. Each processor element includes 14 bits of digital memory in addition to seven analogue registers. Digital operands include NOR and NOT with operations of diffusion, subtraction, inversion and squaring available in the analogue domain. The cells of the array can be configured as an asynchronous propagation network allowing operations such as flood filling to occur with times of ~1 μs across the array. Exploiting this feature allows the chip to recognise the difference between closed and open shapes at 30,000 frames per second. The chip is fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology.     

Radar wideband digital beamforming based on time delay and phase compensation

In conventional phased array radars, analogue time delay devices and phase shifters have been used for wideband beamforming. These methods suffer from insertion losses, gain mismatches and delay variations, and they occupy a large chip area. To solve these problems, a compact architecture of digital array antennas based on subarrays was considered. In this study, the receiving beam patterns of wideband linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals were constructed by applying analogue stretch processing via mixing with delayed reference signals at the subarray level. Subsequently, narrowband digital time delaying and phase compensation of the tone signals were implemented with reduced arithmetic complexity. Due to the differences in amplitudes, phases and time delays between channels, severe performance degradation of the beam patterns occurred without corrections. To achieve good beamforming performance, array calibration was performed in each channel to adjust the amplitude, frequency and phase of the tone signal. Using a field-programmable gate array, wideband LFM signals and finite impulse response filters with continuously adjustable time delays were implemented in a polyphase structure. Simulations and experiments verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed digital beamformer.     

RF-based electron beam timing measurement with sub-10fs resolution

Time of flight measurements of a relativistic electron beam have been performed and have demonstrated a resolution below 10fs. The electronics consisted of a heterodyne receiver incorporating an array of analogue phase detectors in order to reduce noise. The performance of the system makes it suitable for the challenging requirements of intra-pulse train timing measurements in a future linear collider.     

Simulation of a phased-array antenna in waveguide

A method has been developed for simulating a large planar phased-array antenna in order to determine the performance of its radiating elements. By simple measurements of a few elements inside of waveguides, their performance in the antenna array as a function of frequency, scan angle, and polarization may be determined. The number of elements that need to be constructed is small, and the method is well-suited to economical, empirical design of an element for an array having a very large number of elements. For this purpose, such an array is well represented by the infinite array which results from imaging by the waveguide walls. Five waveguide simulators, sampling five significant combinations of scan angle and polarization, have been developed for a particular array comprising circular elements in a square arrangement. The array impedance has been measured in the simulators, and from these measurements the reflection loss of the array has been calculated. An equivalent circuit for the element in the array has been obtained from two simple waveguide-impedance measurements, and the active impedance of the elements has been determined therefrom. Finally, these results have been employed to determine the behavior of the elements when the array is excited for circular polarization; the departure from circularity of the radiated polarization, as well as the reflection in both senses of circular polarization, have been obtained.     

卫星多波束天线不规则馈元阵形赋形的研究

本文着重研究了卫星多波束天线馈元阵的形状对赋形的影响.首先证明了常用的通用阵形中存在着对赋形没有贡献的冗余馈元,进而提出采用没有冗余馈元的不规则阵形来赋形以减小馈元数量的思路,并进一步证明了不规则阵和相应的规则阵在同样条件下,用同一种赋形算法,有着同样的赋形效果,最后给出了由通用规则阵得到相应不规则阵的简单而有效的方法.     

Properties and applications of the large circular resonant dipole array

Large closed-curve antenna arrays have been a subject of research for many years and have been shown to have many interesting properties. The paper investigates some of the properties of such a dipole array when the closed curve is a circle. Recently, because of its unique horizontal field pattern, a 90-element circular array of this type has been proposed as a microwave beacon for the coastal navigation of ships and airplanes. In the design of these arrays, it is suggested that the array be rotated mechanically. The question arises: can the mechanical rotation be replaced by an electronic rotation? We show that electronic rotation is not possible for the 90-element circular array originally described, but is possible for a modified array. The subtle difference between these two arrays is clarified and a simple criterion is given for the general case. Also presented is the derivation of an asymptotic formula for the radiation pattern of a resonant circular array of N equal elements with only one element driven. Since the theory for such an array is complicated and involves numerous numerical difficulties, a simple asymptotic formula for the field pattern has advantages over other methods. The simple formula is shown to produce a vertical field pattern that is indistinguishable from its numerically calculated counterpart. Generalization to noncircular arrays is discussed briefly.     

Mixing it

By definition, automotive electronic systems are embedded mixed-signal systems because they feature multiple analogue sensors and analogue actuators under digital control. For years, traditional oscilloscopes have been the primary tool-of-choice among automotive electronic system design engineers to measure the quality of both analogue and digital signals. But traditional analogue and digital oscilloscopes have many limitations, including a lack of triggering functions for complex serial events and a limited number of input channels for acquisition. However, a new class of measurement tool called the mixed signal oscilloscope (MSO) has stepped into that breach, presenting its own debugging methodology     

一种毫米波相控阵雷达的天线单元

毫米波相控阵天线兼具有毫米波的优点与相控阵多功能等优势,并以其特有的技术特点,非常适合于小型化平台 的集成应用。本文提出一种具有宽扫描角的毫米波天线单元。在单元设计优化时,利用HFSS对其互耦影响和扫描盲角 效应进行了充足的考虑。天线单元组阵后,阵列辐射特性的实测结果与理论设计值具有很好的一致性。证明其非常适合 于一维、二维毫米波相控阵天线的组阵使用。     

A circular active reflector antenna (CARA), energy distribution calculations, and an experimental test

Conventional high-frequency (HF) circular phased arrays, such as the Wullenweber circular array, have a cost factor that increases at a greater-than-square law rate as its radius is increased to produce larger apertures. A new method of forming simultaneous beams in an HF circular array has been proposed in which beams are formed in the space within the array from pickup element energy that has been amplified and reradiated. Such a device is called a circular active reflector antenna (CARA), and its cost increases at a substantially linear rate as its radius is increased to form larger apertures. This paper describes calculations of the distribution of reradiated energy within such an array in order to study the effect of changes in array configuration. A cost analysis is presented to establish the dependence of array cost on array size for both the conventional and CARA types of arrays. In addition, the performance of an experimental CARA array is reported. An experimental CARA array consisting of a120degpartially filled sector of 1500 m radius, forming six beams over a2degfield of view was constructed at a site in Utah to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept. Measurements made on the experimental array showed that at 14-MHz, it formed beams0.7degwide at the 3-dB points, which agrees closely to the calculated value. The sidelobe response also compared closely to the level and angular position calculated for the sidelobes of the partially filled sector array tested. No evidence of instabilities or intermodulation distortion was noted.     

一种新型半空域声源定位阵列

空域中声源定位主要利用传声器阵列TDOA技术实现,为了避免阵列自身精度对测量的影响和复杂的计算,提出一种结构简洁、计算便捷的平面十字形传声器阵列模型,并对声源定位的TDOA技术和这一模型在三维空间中的应用进行了分析,给出了定位算法和误差公式,通过实验论证了该阵列模型在构造、计算等方面的优势.所构造的系统虽然在精度等方面有待进一步提高,但其对无源定位的研究方法和所构造阵列较强的实用价值在各类传声器阵列技术领域中有着广泛的应用前景.