基于FPGA的运动控制高速芯片设计与实现

复杂控制算法实现,是目前运动控制器实现技术研究的一个热点.本文在完成复合模糊PI控制算法设计的基础上,分析了模糊运算硬件实现的复杂度,提出了一种数字化的运动控制器硬件设计方法:基于FPGA的数字硬件平台,采用Svstem Generator(SG)模块与VHDL语言相结合的方法进行控制器设计.该设计方法综合了SG快速高效建模和VHDL功能模块层次化的思想,缩短了FPGA控制器的设计开发周期.以无刷直流电机(BLDCM)为控制对象的实验结果表明,采用SG、MATLAB/Simulink与VHDL三者有机结合,利用FPGA设计模糊PI运动控制器的有效性,该模糊控制芯片的系统时钟达155.981MHz.     

一种高速模糊控制器的硬件设计

本文采用了先进模糊规则算法，提出了一种以ＭＯＳ－ＤＹＬ集成电路为基本电路的模糊控制器的设计方法，设计了一种用ＭＯＳ电流镜的电流型电路和ＤＹＬ电压型电路互相兼容在一块芯片上高速的模糊逻辑硬件系统。研究结果证明，其速度可达２×１０７ＦＩＰＳ（每秒模糊逻辑推理次数）。     

SD卡存储模块设计

在SD存储卡设计讨论的基础上给出了实现过程,讨论开发平台.围绕提高速度设计和实现了系统架构,开发环境,基本模块设计和读写模块设计.通过这样的实现,可以使读写的速度达到20MB/s、12MB/s.通过W86L388D桥接芯片,控制器和Nand Flash芯片两块大的芯片实现SD长硬件部分.通过四大模块来设计和实现控制器,...     

自寻优模糊集的自调整模糊控制器及通用模糊控制器的硬件实现

在文[1][2]的基础上,本文给出了自寻优模糊集自调整模糊控制器算法.并在这种软件设计的基础上,与文[4][5]提出的硬件构想相结合,实现了通用模糊控制器的硬件实现,其原理是用软件确定最佳的模糊集和控制规则,而用CLC连续逻辑电路实现控制作用.将这种控制器与最佳整定的DDC控制效果进行了比较,表明本文所提出的模糊控制器是简单可行的,模糊控制器对时变系统、非线性系统等有着广阔的应用前景.这种硬件具有很强的通用性,为模糊控制的进一步推广创造了条件.     

通用硬件模糊控制器研究

提出了一种基于多值逻辑电路的模糊控制器硬件实现方案,采用规则分时进行硬件模糊推理,不同规则的推理结果合并后形成模糊输出,经模糊判决后形成精确量输出。该方案的复杂性不受规则数量的影响,执行速度不受语言变量维数的影响,该方案通过改变存储器数据可以方便地调整隶属度函数和模糊控制规则,克服了硬件模糊控制器灵活性差这一重大缺陷,该方案便于以VLSI实现。     

针对固态硬盘应用的多通道闪存控制器实现

本文介绍一种基于MLC闪存和AHB总线的高速大容量数据控制系统的硬件实现方法,所提出的闪存控制器实现带8个8K字节缓冲器的高效率缓冲管理控制器来管理8个通道,每个通道可以连接8个闪存芯片。文中还介绍了快闪存储器存储单元的空白检查和交叉存取操作。实验结果证明该固态盘控制器的最高读速度为230．2MB／s,最高写速度为101．9MB／s．最后给出了控制器的综合结果和功耗分析,在24比特BCH纠错与一个通道的配置条件下,控制器的实现需要315K逻辑门。     

基于FPGA的电梯控制器设计

使用FPGA器件作为主控制芯片,采用模块化设计方法,通过硬件描述语言VHDL对电梯控制器各功能模块进行编程,实现了六层电梯控制器设计。经软件仿真和硬件实现,结果表明该方案能满足设计要求,并能扩展到多层电梯,有较强的实用性。     

一种用于发动机怠速控制的模糊控制器

针对发动机的怠速控制问题，按照基于零阶T-S模型的模糊控制算法，研制了一种怠速模糊控制器。在Xilinx Spartan Ⅱ型FPGA上实现了该模糊控制器电路，验证了该算法的有效性；用SMIC0．18肛m工艺研制了模糊控制器芯片，芯片面积为1.99mm^2，功耗为8．7mW，工作频率达30MHz。以模糊控制器为核心的控制系统经在发动机上实车试验，功能正确，控制效果良好。     

基于FPGA的SPI Flash控制器的设计与实现

传统的Flash读写是通过CPU软件编程实现,其读写速度较慢,且占用CPU资源,另外由于Flash芯片本身功能指令较多,使得对芯片进行直接操作变得非常困难。本文提出一个基于FPGA的SPI Flash读写硬件实现方案,该方案利用硬件对SPI Flash进行控制,能够非常方便地完成Flash的读写、擦除、刷新及预充电等操作,同时编写的SPI Flash控制器IP核能够进行移植和复用,作为SOC芯片的功能模块。SPI Flash控制器采用VHDL语言进行编写,在Modelsim 6.5g上通过功能仿真,并且在XUPV5-LX110T FPGA开发板上通过硬件测试,实现结果表明方案的可行性。     

基于FPGA的模糊PID控制器设计

针对模糊PID控制器多为单片机技术的软件实现,其实时性与抗干扰性能不理想,采用以FPGA作为核心控制器,采用模块化思想,设计并实现模糊自适应PID控制器的硬件设计方案。实际运行结果表明,采用该方法可明显改善效果,在简化设计的同时,也可提高系统的实时性和抗干扰能力。     

Defect inspection of solder bumps using the scanning acoustic microscopy and fuzzy SVM algorithm

Flip chip technology has been extensively used in high density electronic packaging over the past decades. With the decrease of solder bumps in dimension and pitch, defect inspection of solder bumps becomes more and more challenging. In this paper, an intelligent diagnosis system using the scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) is investigated, and the fuzzy support vector machine (F-SVM) algorithm is developed for solder bump recognition. In the F-SVM algorithm, we apply a fuzzy membership to input feature data so that the different input features can make different contributions to the learning procedure of the network. It solves the problem of feature data aliasing in the traditional SVM. The SAM image of flip chip is captured by using an ultrasonic transducer of 230 MHz. Then the segmentation of solder bumps is based on the gradient matrix of the original image, and the statistical features corresponding to every solder bump are extracted and adopted to the F-SVM network for solder bump classification and recognition. The experiment results show a high accuracy of solder defect recognition, therefore, the diagnosis system using the F-SVM algorithm is effective and feasible for solder bump defect inspection.     

模糊控制器专用集成电路的设计与实现

提出了一种用数字逻辑电路设计模糊控制器的方法。该模糊控制器电路不用ＣＰＵ，全部算法由数字逻辑电路实现，具有运算速度快的特点，适合于需要高速控制的场合。该模糊控制器电路具有被激活的规则自动生成功能，不需要大规模的ＲＡＭ或ＲＯＭ存储模糊规则，电路规模小，易于实现，特别适合于输出控制量为离散值的应用场合。已在一片ＦＰＧＡＸｉｌｉｎｘ４０１０ＰＧ１９１－６上实现了该模糊控制器电路，并成功地应用于温控系统。     

Machine learning and structural characteristics for reverse engineering

In the past years, much of the research into hardware reverse engineering has focused on the abstraction of gate level netlists to a human readable form. However, none of the proposed methods consider a realistic reverse engineering scenario, where the netlist is physically extracted from a chip. This paper analyzes the impact of errors caused by this extraction and the later partitioning of the netlist on the ability to identify the functionality. Current formal verification based methods which compare against golden models are incapable of dealing with such erroneous netlists. Two methods focusing on the idea that structural similarity implies functional similarity solve this problem: The first new approach uses fuzzy structural similarity matching to compare the structural characteristics of an unknown design against designs in a golden model library. The second new approach proposes a method for inexact graph matching using fuzzy graph isomorphisms, based on the functionalities of gates used within the design. In addition, past attacks on obfuscation methods such as logic locking have required access to an activated chip to compare the obfuscated netlist to a functionally equivalent model. The proposed methods can also find a golden model without the need of an activated chip, so that attacks can occur even before production and activation of the chip. Experiments show that for simple logic locking the approaches identify a suitable golden model in more than 80% of all cases. For realistic error percentages, both approaches can match more than 90% of designs correctly. This is an important first step for hardware reverse engineering methods beyond formal verification based equivalence matching.     

一种单片机温度模糊控制系统的实现

将模糊控制理论应用到单片机温度控制系统，根据电饭煲的温度控制规律，介绍了一种模糊电饭煲温度控制系统。系统软件设计采用定时中断的结构，核心为模糊控制器的实现。介绍了温度模糊控制器输入模糊化、模糊决策、输出逆模糊化等过程实现，并进行了实验研究。该系统具有实时性好、控制速度快、稳定性好等优点。     

基于单片机的加热炉温度模糊控制系统

介绍了以单片机8098为核心，以加热炉为控制对象的智能模糊控制系统，深入研究了规则自寻优的模糊控制算法，仿真结果表明该系统控制效果好，稳态精度高，超调量小。     

Temperature control by chip-implemented adaptive recurrent fuzzy controller designed by evolutionary algorithm

Online adaptive temperature control by field-programmable gate array (FPGA) - implemented adaptive recurrent fuzzy controller (ARFC) chip is proposed in this paper. The RFC is realized according to the structure of Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK)-type recurrent fuzzy network. Direct inverse control configuration is used. To design RFC offline, evolutionary fuzzy controller using the hybrid of the Simplex method and particle swarm optimization (SPSO) is proposed. In SPSO, each RFC corresponds to a particle, and all the free parameters in RFC are optimally searched. We use the PSO to find a good solution globally, and the incorporation of the Simplex method helps find a better solution around the local region of the best solution found by PSO so far. Then, online adaptive temperature control with ARFC chip implemented by FPGA is proposed. In the ARFC chip, the consequent parameters of all rules are all tuned online using gradient descent. To verify the performance of the ARFC chip, experiments on a water bath temperature system are performed.     

模糊温控仪表控制芯片的EDA设计研究

在分析总结模糊控制本质思想基础上，提出了一种非线性变权控制规则自调整的模糊控制算法，以及如何通过PAC—Designer软件，利用EDA技术进行控制芯片的硬件设计，并且在模糊温控仪的设计制造中，成功地使用了该控制芯片及控制算法，经实验与对比分析，该温控仪表比同类产品具有更强的优越性。     

模糊汉明神经网络及其实现的研究

由于传统汉明神经网络未解决模式重叠和识别算法是否一定收敛的问题,也未充分利用输入模式与其他神经元之间的靠近程度信息,本文提出一种模糊汉明神经网络.模糊汉明神经网络可接受二值和非二值输入;使用模糊类隶属度子网解决模式重叠问题和充分利用靠近程度信息;采用比较子网保证算法的收敛和减少互连.其模块式的电路设计也便于网络的VLSI实现和扩展.     

可编程模糊逻辑控制器芯片的应用应用

研究了一种电流型可编制模糊逻辑控制器芯片（PFLC）的两种典型应用。在智能控制领域,利用PFLC设计并调试了倒立模糊控制系统,系统参数可由线性二次最优控制的方法导出。在信号处理领域,设计了一种基于PFLC的模糊自适应非线性均衡器,学习算法采用LMS算法,只需8次乘法运算,易于将PFLC扩展成为自学习模糊控制器芯片。     

A fuzzy logic inference processor

A mixed analog-digital fuzzy logic inference engine chip fabricated in an 0.8 μm CMOS process is described. Interface to the processor behaves like a static RAM, and computation of the fuzzy logic inference is performed between memory locations in parallel by an array of analog charge-domain circuits. Eight inputs and four outputs are provided, and up to 32 rules may be programmed into the chip. The results of the inference over all rules, including a center-of-mass defuzzification, may be computed in 2 μs