碳钢膏剂渗硼后的热处理工艺及性能研究

利用正交试验法,获得了较佳的碳钢膏剂渗硼工艺及渗剂配方,分别研究了45钢及T10钢膏剂渗硼后不同的热处理工艺对渗硼层及基体组织和性能的影响。实验结果表明:45钢在渗硼后渗层显微硬度均在1 130 HV以上,厚度皆在110μm以上;T10钢渗硼后的渗层厚度均在60μm以上,渗层的显微硬度均在1 360 HV以上;热处理对渗硼层的硬度及厚度没有影响,但对基体组织及性能有明显影响;渗硼后采用淬火及低温回火工艺,可使基体获得回火马氏体组织,从而提高了基体的硬度,减小了基体与渗硼层的硬度差,也提高了基体对渗硼层的支撑作用。     

碳钢膏剂渗硼后的热处理工艺及性能研究

利用正交试验法,获得了较佳的碳钢膏剂渗硼工艺及渗剂配方,分别研究了45钢及TIO钢膏剂渗硼后不同的热处理工艺对渗硼层及基体组织和性能的影响。实验结果表明：45钢在渗硼后渗层显微硬度均在1130HV以上,厚度皆在110μm以上;T10钢渗硼后的渗层厚度均在60μm以上,渗层的显微硬度均在1360HV以上;热处理对渗硼层的硬度及厚度没有影响,但对基体组织及性能有明显影响;渗硼后采用淬火及低温回火工艺,可使基体获得回火马氏体组织,从而提高了基体的硬度,减小了基体与渗硼层的硬度差,也提高了基体对渗硼层的支撑作用。     

自保护涂渗法多元共渗

本文采用涂渗法对４５钢进行以渗硼为主的硼碳氮多元共渗，并对渗层的组织结构和性能进行了探讨，试验结果表明，用涂渗法进行的硼多元共渗可使钢获得硬度高、耐磨性好的渗层，与一般的盐浴渗硼相比，该方法得到的渗层厚度大，脆性小。     

42CrMo钢液相等离子碳氮共渗工艺研究

本文以乙醇胺、氯化钾、氯化铵的水溶液为电解液,用液相等离子电解技术对42CrMo钢进行碳氮共渗工艺进行研究。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM）、电子能谱（EDS）、对处理试样表面形貌和渗层进行观察和分析,并对渗层硬度通过显微硬度计进行测试。结果表明：利用液相等离子电解技术可以实现42CrMo钢的碳氮共渗,渗层厚度可以达到60μm,渗层硬度可以达到537 HV,基本达到基体硬度的2倍。     

固体碳氮硼共渗的研究

研究了两段固体碳氮硼三元共渗。通过试验选出了渗剂。用该渗剂对工业纯铁、15钢、45钢等进行570℃×3h—900℃×5～6h共渗处理后,得到由硼化物层和碳氮层组成的共渗层。渗层组织及相结构分析表明:共渗层中有一定数量的ε,γ′和Ee_3(C,B)粒子相,其中ε相最多且以棒条状或小球状存在。还对共渗过程的有关化学反应进行了热力学分析。对渗层的脆性、耐磨性与渗硼进行了对比试验。     

45钢稀土氮碳硼共渗层的摩擦学性能研究

采用AMSLER型磨损试验机，在油润滑条件下，对经稀土氮碳硼和氮碳硼共渗的45钢进行滑动磨损试验，研究了渗层的组织结构及硬度对45钢耐磨性的影响，并探讨了共渗层的磨损机制．结果表明，45钢稀土氮碳硼共渗处理后抗磨性能提高3～4倍，摩擦系数减小近2倍；共渗层硬而脆的特点使其在摩擦接触应力的作用下发生塑性变形破坏．     

高碳钢V—Re共渗及其组织性能的研究

本文试验了T8、GCr15钢的盐浴V-Re共渗,并对共渗工艺性、渗层组织、渗后热处理和渗层耐蚀性以及它们之间的相互影响进行了试验分析.结果表明:添加了少量Re的V-Re共渗盐浴流动性提高、渗速加快,得到的渗层由以VC为主的化合物层及过渡层组成,化合物层硬度可达HV_(m,0.05)2500,厚度可达25μm,具有良好的耐蚀性和热处理性能;渗后进行淬火、回火可强化基体,而对渗层性能、渗层与基体间结合无显著影响.     

交流电场作用下的中低碳钢低温粉末法渗硼

以低碳20钢、中碳45钢为渗扩对象进行交流电场作用下的低温粉末法渗硼,对渗硼层厚度、显徽组织、相结构及硬度进行观测分析.试验结果表明:在600℃、4h保温条件下,20钢、45钢经交流电场增强渗硼获得的渗硼层厚度远远大于常规渗硼得到的渗层厚度;在交流电场作用下,渗层厚度随渗剂中硼铁含量的增加而快速增加;硼铁含量小于等于10％时,渗硼层基本由Fe2B单相构成;而硼铁含量大于等于15％时,渗硼层则由FeB+ Fe2B两相构成.对交流电场在渗硼中的作用机制进行了初步分析.     

钢的固体深层渗硼

采用复合催渗和调整工艺参数能较好地实现钢的固体深层渗硼。分析结果表明：渗硼层表层由Fe2B和FeB双相组成,向内Fe2B相增加,FeB2相减少,渗层呈梳齿状,齿的前沿过渡区较宽,心部组织较粗大;表层存在疏松和孔洞,且随钢中含碳量增加和合金元素的含量增加,渗层深度下降,疏松和孔洞减少;疏松和孔洞使表层低于次表层,其显微硬度分布有一峰值,渗层显微硬度分布较为平缓。     

钢的固体深层渗硼

采用复合催渗和调整工艺参数能较好地实现钢的固体深层渗硼 .分析结果表明 :渗硼层表层由Fe2 B和FeB双相组成 ,向内Fe2 B相增加 ,FeB相减少 ,渗层呈梳齿状 ,齿的前沿过渡区较宽 ,心部组织较粗大 ;表层存在疏松和孔洞 ,且随钢中含碳量增加和合金元素的含量增加 ,渗层深度下降 ,疏松和孔洞减少 ;疏松和孔洞使表层硬度低于次表层 ,其显微硬度分布有一峰值 ,渗层显微硬度分布较为平缓     

Process Modeling and Control Simulation for a 500W@4.5K Helium Refrigerator

In order to investigate dynamic behaviors of a 500W@ 4.5K helium refrigerator,the process simulator has been completed. The cryogenic process model is described and main components are customized. The realtime communication between the process model and the control system has been achieved. Compared with the preliminary experimental data,the errors of temperatures during the process of 300 K-80 K are less than 10%.The process model is validated to predict the cool-down process very well. The controller parameters are tuned in simulation and applied to the actual refrigerator suitably. Based on the dynamic simulation,the operation of Joule-Thomson( JT) by pass valve has been optimized. And the cool- down process from 300 K to 4. 5 K has been simulated under the control programs. Simulation results indicate that this dynamic simulator based on actual control architecture is available to process control and operation optimization for the helium refrigerators.     

Effect of Nb on the Microstructure and Properties of Cold Rolled and Annealed Mo Microalloyed Bainitic Steel

Two kinds of low carbon bainitic steels,Nb-free Mo bearing and Nb + Mo addition steels,were cold rolled and annealed to investigate the effect of micro-alloying element Nb on the microstructure and properties of Mo microalloyed low carbon high strength bainitic steel. No precipitates were observed in Nb-free Mo bearing steel,whereas,two types of precipitates,i.e.,Nb( C,N) and composite( Nb,Mo)( C,N),were observed in the Nb + Mo microalloyed steel,resulting in precipitation strengthening. The strength of Mo bearing steel was improved by addition of Nb under the same annealing conditions. The grain size of Nb addition steel was almost the same as Nb-free steel. Unlike the obvious grain refinement and precipitation strengthening in hot rolling,the increase in yield strength of Nb addition steels in cold rolling and annealing mainly results from the precipitation strengthening,while the effect of grain refinement strengthening can be almost ignored.     

中碳结构钢表面P-C法改性层的耐热性

为了提高中碳结构钢的耐热性,应用Ｐ－Ｃ法进行复合表面涂覆,获得了Ｃｒ－Ｓｉ－Ａｌ复合表面改性层,研究了涂覆温度及时间对涂层表面成分的影响,确定了最佳的涂覆工艺参数,用电子探针及能谱测定了涂层的表面成分,用Ｘ射线测定了涂层中的相结构,将涂覆后的试样在空气介质中进行高温氧化试验,结果表明,由Ｐ－Ｃ法涂覆形成的表面改性层在这是质中具有优良的抗高温氧化性能。     

Nb对低碳微合金钢相变的影响

采用Gleeble-1500D型热模拟机测定了不同含铌量低碳微合金钢在不同冷却速度下,过冷奥氏体连续冷却相变点,分析观察了显微组织,测定了其显微硬度.得出:在同一冷却速度下,随着含铌量的提高,过冷奥氏体连续冷却相变点降低,容易出现条片状贝氏体铁素体,显微硬度提高;在相同成分下,随着冷却速度的增加,含铌钢中铁素体越来越细小,由等轴状大块铁素体组织向条片状贝氏体铁素体转变.     

Ultrafine microstructure in microalloyed steel by a new thermomechnical process

Low carbon microalloyed steel containing 0.062% C, 2.34% Mn, 0.044% Nb, 0.029% Ti, 0.032% V in mass fraction and small amount of B was prepared in laboratory. Slabs of the steel were rolled into plates of 6 mm in thickness followed by accelerated cooling. The plates possess very high yield strength and reasonable ductility, and the yield ratio is about 0.8. Ultra-fine ferrite structure with micrometer dimension was observed in the surface layer of the plates. Moreover, the effect of the finishing rolling temperature on the final microstructure and formation mechanism of ultra-fine ferrite as well as the γ-αtransformation behavior of the steel was discussed.     

典型异质钢接头碳迁移与高温力学性能

针对A102焊接典型异种接头的碳迁移现象以及高温力学性能进行研究,利用由菲克定律推导出的碳扩散理论计算公式对扩散过程进行计算并绘制理论曲线.通过碳的成分分析绘制出实际碳扩散曲线,对熔合线两侧的组织进行观察.结果表明:理论碳扩散曲线与实际碳扩散曲线基本相同.对于A102焊接的15Cr MoR珠光体耐热钢与316奥氏体不锈钢异质钢接头而言,熔合线的不锈钢焊缝金属一侧出现增碳层,组织主要为碳化物和马氏体,而15Cr MoR热影响区一侧出现脱碳层,组织主要为铁素体.蠕变试件在熔合线脱碳层附近发生断裂,断裂方式为韧窝断裂.     

X-60钢及其焊接粗晶区中的第二相粒子研究

利用TEM,对微合金化的X-60钢母材及模拟粗晶区中第二相粒子的形态、数量及物相进行了研究．结果表明,母材中第二相粒子的形状不规则,经热循环后变为方形,且粒子的数量显著减少、尺寸增大、粒子的成分亦发生显著变化．分析表明,t     

WC/Cu-Zn-Mn 强化中碳钢高耐磨表层复合材料

采用熔浸复合法制备了ＷＣ／Ｃｕ Ｚｎ Ｍｎ强化中碳钢表层复合材料,探讨了ＷＣ粒度、熔浸复合温度等工艺因素对复合材料组织与性能的影响。研究结果表明,在两体静载磨料磨损工况下,新型表层复合材料的耐磨性是中碳钢基体的２６倍,是水韧高锰钢的２０倍,且可根据需要调节复合层厚度,故可在很大范围内替代整体耐磨材料,是一种有实用价值的高耐磨表层复合材料。     

Behavior of precipitation in bainitic steel during relaxation processing of RPC technique

Thermal simulation test, TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) and nanobeam EDS (Energy Dispersed x-ray Spectrum) techniques were used to investigate the precipitation behavior of Nb, Ti, Mo etc. in HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy) steel. The strain induced precipitation occurred during the isothermal relaxation stage after deformed in the non-recrystallization temperature region. After 30% predeformation at 850 and 900~C, there are two kinds of particles, (Ti,Nb)(C,N) and a few Nb(C,N), to precipitate during holding. The content of Nb in particles rises with the relaxation time increasing. During the final holding stage, some Nb and Ti atoms in the lattice sites of the precipitates would be replaced by Mo atoms, and the Mo content in the precipitates increases with the relaxation time. The results were compared with the refinement effect of microstructures caused by relaxationprecipitation controlling transformation (RPC) processing.     

20CrMnTi钢齿轮渗碳淬火的数值模拟与实验验证

采用DEFORM-HT软件,对20CrMnTi钢齿轮的渗碳、淬火热处理工艺过程进行模拟,得出其渗碳后表层到心部碳质量分数变化。分析淬火后马氏体组织变化,并分析淬火后残余应力,选择适当的淬火冷却介质,通过试验测定其金相组织及表面至心部的洛氏硬度。结果表明,金相组织、洛氏硬度与模拟预测结果较吻合,对生产具有一定的指导意义。