含硫光敏引发剂－硫代芳甲酸芳酯光解机理的研究

含硫光敏引发剂－硫代芳甲酸芳酯光解机理的研究硕士研究生苏京京导师吴世康，戴光松（学位授予单位中国科学院感光化学研究所，北京１００１０１）新型光引发剂硫代苯甲酸－Ｓ－苯酯对烯类单体的聚合具有很高的引发效率，因而被应用于快速光聚合体系中，硫代苯甲酸－Ｓ－...     

苯甲酰基硫代苯甲酸-S-苯酯的双重磷光研究

在对不同取代的苯甲酰基硫代苯甲酸－Ｓ－苯酯的光物理性质进行研究时，发现其苯甲酰基在邻位时可观测到双磷光现象，本工作对这种现象的机理进行了研究，确定这种现象是由于溶剂的作用，使溶液中具有多种不同的构象体，不同异构体的磷光发射不同，其激发波长也不同，改变激发波长可观察到双重磷光现象．     

苯甲在硫代苯甲酸—S—苯酯的双重磷光研究

在对不同取代的苯甲酰基硫代苯甲酸－Ｓ－苯酯的光物理性能进行研究时，发现其苯甲酰基在邻位时可观测到双磷光现象，本工作对这种现象的机理进行了研究，确定这种现象是由于溶剂的作用，使溶液中具有多种不同的构象体，不同异构体的磷光发射不同，其激发波长也不同，改变激发波长可观察到双重磷光现象。     

苯并噁唑-2-硫酮和苯并噻唑-2-硫酮的酰化作用和烷氧基羰基化作用

根据酰化剂的种类和组分，苯并噁唑-2-硫酮和苯并噻唑-2-硫酮用醋酐和酰基氯进行酰化作用生成N-酰基和／或S-酰基衍生物。苯并噁唑-2-硫酮用芳烷基氯碳酸酯进行烷氧基羰基化作用主要生成N-烷氧基羰基衍生物。而苯并噻唑-2-硫酮用芳烷基氯碳酸酯进行烷氧基羰基化作用，仅仅生成S-烷氧基羰基衍生物。在醇存在下，N-酰基衍生物光解生成苯并噁唑-2-硫酮或苯并噻唑-2-硫酮和酯。     

有机化合物的光物理研究 ⅩⅢ.β-萘甲酸十六碳酯在L-B膜中基态二聚体及激基缔合物形成的研究

制备了β-萘甲酸十六碳酯的L-B膜。分别用Y型、Z型,以及含有硬脂酸的β-萘甲酸十六碳酯与单纯硬脂酸间隔挂法,将分子膜转移至石英载片上,研究了β-萘甲酸十六碳酯分子膜吸收以及荧光光谱。并与溶液和固态中的荧光光谱作了比较。在氯仿溶液以及在固态,β-萘甲酸十六碳酯只呈现其单体的荧光。然而,在L-B膜中,除了观察到单体的荧光外,还观察到了激发态二聚体以及激基缔合物发射的荧光。通过对β-萘甲酸十六碳酯分子膜进行热和水处理后,发现L-B膜中亲水层的介质环境有所改变,从而造成亲水层中的亲水基团的某些物理和化学性质的改变。根据实验事实,提出了β-萘甲酸十六碳酯二聚体和激基缔合物在L-B膜中形成的机制。     

6—氯—2—[5—氯—2—（4—联苯磺酰氨基）]苯基—4—苯并恶嗪酮的合成和油？…

以邻氨基苯甲酸为原料，用盐酸－双水氯代法制得５－氯邻氨基苯甲酸，产率４０％，然后将固体联苯磺酰氯加入至－５－氯邻氨基苯甲酸的吡啶液中，合成出荧光发射波长为５５０ｎｍ的荧光剂６－氯－２－〖５－氯－２－（４－联苯磺酰氨基）苯基－４－苯并恶嗪酮，产率提高了２０％。并配制出了两种胶印油墨；黏度５．３２Ｐａ．ｓ，黏性４．６２，细芳１０μｍ；黏度３１．７５Ｐａ．ｓ，黏性１０．３０，细度１０μｍ。适用于有交 伯     

紫外吸收剂能量转移性能研究

研究了反应型紫外吸收剂甲基丙烯酸－苯酯及与苯乙烯共聚物的荧光发射和激发光谱。观察了Ｓｏｋｅｉｓ位移以及双重荧光现象，这通常是由于存在着基态及激发多重平衡，而聚合物荧光则表明聚苯乙烯与紫外吸收剂之间复杂的能量转移关系。     

苯并硫杂蒽类荧光染料的合成

以４－溴－１，８－萘酐为原料，经亚胺化、乌尔曼缩合、Ｐｓｃｈｏｒｒ闭环等反应，合成了Ｎ－羟乙基－苯并硫杂蒽－３，４－二甲酰亚胺（１）和７Ｈ－苯并咪唑［２，１－ａ］苯并硫杂蒽－７－酮及异构体（Ⅱ和Ⅱ＇），测定了它们的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱以及光化学稳定性。塑料ＡＢＳ经它们着色后，荧光效果非常明显。     

苯并硫杂蒽类荧光染料的合成

以４－溴－１，８－萘酐为原料，经亚胺化、乌尔曼缩合、Ｐｓｃｈｏｒｒ闭环等反应，合成了Ｎ－羟乙基－苯并硫杂蒽３，４－二甲酰亚胺（１）和７Ｈ－苯并咪唑［２，１－ａ］苯并硫杂蒽－７－酮及异构体（Ⅱ和Ⅱ＇），测定了它们的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱以及光化学稳定性。塑料ＡＢＳ经它们着色后，荧光效果非常明显。     

苯噻氰

苯噻氰是一种性能优良的杀菌剂,有3种常见合成方法,包括2种2-巯基苯并噻唑法和1种氯甲基化法。一种2-巯基苯并噻唑法是用2-巯基苯并噻唑与溴氯甲烷反应生成2-氯甲基硫代苯并噻唑,2-氯甲基硫代苯并噻唑再与硫氰化钠反应得到苯噻氰;另一种2-巯基苯并噻唑法是先将溴氯甲烷与硫氰化钠反应生成硫氰酸氯甲酯,然后硫氰酸氯甲酯与2-巯基苯并噻唑反应得到苯噻氰。氯甲基化法是先用2-巯基苯并噻唑与多聚甲醛和氯化氢反应生成2-氯甲基硫代苯并噻唑,2-氯甲基硫代苯并噻唑再与硫氰化钠反应得到苯噻氰。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。