Ti—15V—3Cr—3Sn—3Al合金的等温转变研究

利用光学显微镜，扫描电镜，透射电镜，Ｘ射线衍射分析及硬度测量，Ｔｉ１５－３亚稳β钛合金的等温变特性，确定了转变动力学曲线，结果表明，自β区淬火，合金单一亚稳β相组织，不发ω相转变或应力诱发马氏体转变，４５０℃以上等温，直接析出α相，４５０℃以下的早期阶段，观察到β→β′＋β相分离反应，反应速度较快，β无明显的沉淀硬化效应。     

Ti-1300合金等温时效过程中相结构和组织转变

采用OM、SEM、XRD和TEM等研究了固溶态Ti-1300合金在350~700℃等温时效过程中相结构和组织转变。结果表明,Ti-1300合金在350℃等温时效时,β相基体上开始弥散析出细小的颗粒状ω相,后期ω相消失,出现了片状的α相。亚稳β相的分解方式为:β→ω+β→α+β。在400℃等温时效1 h时,亚稳β相分离出了β′相,继续保温,β′相消失,出现了长针状α相,亚稳β相的分解方式为:β→β′+β→α+β。在500~700℃等温时效时,α相在β晶界和晶粒内亚晶界上快速形核,随着保温时间的延长,晶界α相逐渐向晶内生长为α集束,随着时效温度升高,α相的片层越厚;亚稳β相的分解方式为:β→α+β。     

QA19—2合金脱铝腐蚀的TEM研究

针对QA19－2合金在海洋环境中亚稳β相优先脱铝腐蚀的问题，利用TEM，EDX以及XRD分析，对其发生脱铝和未发生脱铝的区域进行了细致的研究。结果表明，QA19－2合金的脱铝腐蚀与亚稳β1相的马氏体相变有关，腐蚀优先发生在相变产物片状β′、相区，β′1马氏体相的优先腐蚀是由有序的DO3结构及其内部存在的大量层错造成的。同时在TEM下观察到脱铝腐蚀形成的小孔及高含铝量的细小腐蚀产物。     

Ti_3Al-Nb合金的有序转变

研究了Ti_3Al-Nb合金在高温下的有序化,冷却过程高温β相转变及时效过程亚稳定β相分解的行为,结果指出,在1060℃固溶处理时,合金形成初生α_2和β高温有序相;在固溶处理后的冷却过程中,合金发生β→α_2+ω型转变;在700℃时效过程中,合金发生(β+ω型)亚稳→(α_2+β)稳定分解。     

Ti_3Al-Nb合金的有序转变SCIEI

研究了Ti_3Al-Nb合金在高温下的有序化,冷却过程高温β相转变及时效过程亚稳定β相分解的行为,结果指出,在1060℃固溶处理时,合金形成初生α_2和β高温有序相;在固溶处理后的冷却过程中,合金发生β→α_2+ω型转变;在700℃时效过程中,合金发生(β+ω型)亚稳→(α_2+β)稳定分解。     

新型生物钛合金时效处理组织演变

真空熔炼制备了新型Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4．6Zr钛合金，研究了450℃时效处理过程中钛合金的组织演变。结果表明，合金固溶处理后的组织为单一过冷亚稳β相；在时效处理过程中亚稳β相逐渐向α相发生转变，形成由晶界处带状α相及紧邻α带的稳定β相，以及晶内弥散分布于α相基体的稳定β相组成的混合组织。     

Cu-4.5％Ti合金的固态相变特征及性能

利用透射电镜(TEM)研究了Cu-4.5%Ti合金在固溶淬火、时效阶段的固态相变特征,采用维氏硬度计和FQR7501涡流导电仪测试了合金在400～500℃时效不同时间后的硬度和导电率。结果表明:合金在固溶淬火时就已发生了调幅分解和有序化,时效初期过渡态的1/4{1 1/2 0}有序化Cu_3Ti相连续转变为具有D1a结构的β′-Cu_4Ti有序相。经高温长时间的时效后,部分亚稳态的β′-Cu_4Ti有序相最终转变为平衡态的β-Cu_4Ti相。此亚稳、共格、有序的棒状β′-Cu_4Ti相使合金获得了最大的硬度,而调幅组织和β′-Cu_4Ti相在时效的早期对合金的强化贡献巨大。500℃时效2 h后,合金的硬度和电导率分别为290 HV0.3和9%IACS。     

亚稳奥氏体型Fe—Cr—Mn（W,V）合金的组织稳定性研究

通过对形变奥氏体组织进行长期时效观察合金相演化过程，研究了低放射性亚稳奥氏体Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－ｎ（Ｗ，Ｖ）合金的组织稳定性。实验表明：合金在高于４００℃时，相平衡处在γ＋α＋α三相区，低于４００℃可以保证亚稳奥氏体的稳定性。亚稳奥氏体可以发生γ→α→α转变也可以发生γ→γ（ｆ）→＇（ｆ）→α转变，ε马氏体不是γ→α转变的唯一中间过渡相。形变诱发ε马氏体形成过程中伴随奥氏体晶粒碎化，可产生细晶强化作用，这     

等温条件下Ti-1300合金亚稳β相的分解动力学

通过高精度膨胀法研究了固溶态Ti-1300合金在400～700℃等温条件下相变动力学。研究表明：固溶态Ti-1300合金中亚稳β相的分解动力学可用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)方程表征,并获得400～700℃温度范围内JMA方程的特征参数K和n,一定程度上反映了合金中亚稳β相的分解机制。当Ti-1300合金在400～420℃时效时,亚稳β相的分解方式主要为β_m→β′+β→α+β;当合金在500 ～700℃时效时,亚稳β相的分解方式主要为β_m→α+β;同时在等温条件下,时效初期α相的形核率较快,且含量迅速增加,后期达到一定量后保持稳定。根据计算和试验结果,得到了Ti-1300合金在500 ～700℃等温条件下亚稳β相的分解的TTT曲线,鼻尖温度约为600℃。     

等温条件下Ti-1300合金亚稳β相的分解动力学（英文）

通过高精度膨胀法研究了固溶态Ti-1300合金在400~700℃等温条件下相变动力学。研究表明:固溶态Ti-1300合金中亚稳β相的分解动力学可用Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)方程表征,并获得400~700℃温度范围内JMA方程的特征参数K和n,一定程度上反映了合金中亚稳β相的分解机制。当Ti-1300合金在400~420℃时效时,亚稳β相的分解方式主要为β_m→β′+β→α+β;当合金在500~700℃时效时,亚稳β相的分解方式主要为β_m→α+β;同时在等温条件下,时效初期α相的形核率较快,且含量迅速增加,后期达到一定量后保持稳定。根据计算和试验结果,得到了Ti-1300合金在500~700℃等温条件下亚稳β相的分解的TTT曲线,鼻尖温度约为600℃。     

GdF_3:Ce~(3+),Ln~(3+)(Ln~(3+)=Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+),Dy~(3+),Sm~(3+))纳米晶体的制备与发光性能研究

应用共沉淀法,制备共掺同一敏化剂(Ce3+)和不同激活剂(Tb3+,Eu3+,Sm3+,Dy3+)的GdF3纳米晶体。在单一波长(254nm)紫外光的激发下,掺杂不同镧系激活离子的样品能够发射出不同颜色的明亮可见发光,因而适用于多色生物标记。     

三自由度并联机构（3SPS 3SRR）的位置分析

针对一种3SPS-3SRR并联机构,运用符号法对该机构进行位置分析建模及求解。构建动、静坐标系,通过矩阵转换对机构建立约束方程,运用Sylvester消元方法进行消元得到机构单变元输入输出方程,求得机构位姿的封闭解。最后进行实例求解,得到该机构处于一般姿态的32组实数解,并使机构处于特殊位姿,将所得封闭解与预估解对比,从而验证该位置求解模型的正确性。基于符号法的3SPS-3SRR并联机构位置分析模型具有准确、高效的特点,规避了基于数值法的诸多缺点,对该机构的深入分析具有重要理论意义及实用价值。     

Thermodynamic analysis of the CsNO3-KNO3-NaNo3 system

The thermodynamic properties of the CsNO₃-KNO₃-NaNO₃ system have been derived from an optimization procedure using experimental and published information concerning phase diagram and thermodynamic data for the constituent binary systems and ternary liquid phase. The results are in very close agreement with the experimental data.     

Phase diagrams of binary systems: AgNO3KNO3 and AgNO3 -@#@ NaNO3

AgNO₃-KNO₃ and AgNO₃-NaNO₃ phase diagrams were drawn using a simultaneous thermal analysis technique in the range 373 to 623 K. The apparatus is described briefly. Figure 1 shows a continuous solid solution in equilibrium with the liquid phase. It exhibits a eutectoid mixture (20 mol% NaNO₃) at 380.7 K. Figure 2 shows a eutectic mixture (45 mol % KNO₃) at 413 K, a eutectoid mixture (20 mol % KNO₃) at 409 K, and a continuous invariant at 404 K.     

3-D or not 3-D

When developing mathematical models of physical phenomena, physical scientists have been limited to two-dimensional solutions. In some cases, those solutions may be qualitatively correct, but in many others, the solutions are far from reality. This paper presents three examples of the limitations of two-dimensional modeling :diffusion-limited electrolytic reduction of a liquidproduct from a liquid electrolyte, morphological development of a solid dendrite, and behavior of a two-phase fluid under shear.     

BiFeO3-BaTiO3-LaFeO3三元多铁性陶瓷材料的制备及性能

采用固相法制备了1-x(0.71BiFeO3-0.29B aTiO3)-xLaFeO3 (x=0.0,0.1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0.5)三元多铁性陶瓷材料,并研究了LaFeO3含量对陶瓷物相结构、微观组织、电学性能和磁电耦合性能的影响。结果显示,所有陶瓷均为单一钙钛矿结构,但随LaFeO3含量的增加,伴随着结构相变。所得陶瓷晶粒尺寸均匀,表现出良好的微观形貌,陶瓷晶粒随LaFeO3含量的增加而明显变小。虽然LaFeO3的加入在一定程度上降低了陶瓷的介电常数,但分析发现,x=0.1时能降低陶瓷的漏导,其漏电流达到了最小值,在10-7~10-8 A/cm2数量级,并且该陶瓷的剩余极化强度Pr和磁电耦合系数αME均达到最大值,分别为0.45μC/cm2和132.21 mV/cm·Oe (120 kHz)。因此,与0.71BiFeO3-0.29BaTiO3陶瓷相比,添加少量LaFeO3可以在一定程度上增加陶瓷的铁电性和磁电耦合性能。     

3

In this paper, a planning algorithm for multi-path/multi-layer circular locus is poposed. The algorithm is applied to weld the nipples on the header of boiler. Multi-path/multi-layer circular locus is planned according to three teaching points, which is lapped head-on-end to satisfy the requirement of technology. For the nipples wherever they are arranged radially or axially, even if there are errors caused by positioning and thermal deformations, providing that nipple's position and orientation relative to the teaching one can be measured, the multi-path/multi-layer circular locus can be planned without teaching any more. The algorithm has been applied in welding robot for manufacturing power station' boiler.     

Electronic structures of semiconducting FeGa3, RuGa3, OsGa3, and RuIn3 with the CoGa3- or the FeGa3-type structure

Electronic structure of FeGa₃, RuGa₃, OsGa₃ and RuIn₃ with the crystal structures belonging to the space group of P4n2 (No. 118), which is usually referred to as the CoGa₃-type structure, and P4₂/mnm (No. 136), which is usually referred to as the FeGa₃-type structure, have been calculated using a first-principle pseudopotential method based on the density-functional theory within the local density approximation (LDA) with the generalized gradient correction. All of them have the similar band structure in that the valence band maximum occurs at or near A and the conduction band minimum occurs at a point between Z and Γ. From the total energies calculated, compounds with the FeGa₃-type structures are more stable than those with the CoGa₃-type structures. The band gaps of FeGa₃, RuGa₃, OsGa₃ and RuIn₃ with the FeGa₃-type structure are about 0.50, 0.26, 0.68, and 0.30 eV, respectively, which are wider than those with the CoGa₃-type structure. Calculated band gaps are wider than the observed gaps, which is unusual in the LDA calculation.     

Features of feathery γ structure in a near-γ TiAl alloy

This work characterizes the feathery-like structures produced in a Ti–46.8Al–1.7Cr–1.8Nb (at.%) alloy during rapid continuous cooling from the α domain. Their morphology and crystallography are described using different microscopy and orientation mapping techniques. These feathery-like structures are divided into many small domains, characterized by low-angle misorientations (rotated less than 15°) between the domains. The domains comprise multiple parallel γ lamellae and rare traces of α₂. These lamellae follow the Blackburn orientation relationship and have a {1 1 1}_γ habit plane. Two types of γ-feathery structures were identified according to their location and crystallography. The grain-boundary γ-feathery structures originate from lamellar structures that grow into a neighboring grain. Alternatively, the internal γ-feathery structures are located in the interior of prior α grains and show an average misorientation of 36° around one $〈100{〉}_{{\mathrm{\gamma }}_{\text{L}}}$ axis of the lamellar structure in which it is embedded. This paper describes these two γ-feathery structures in detail and discusses their development in light of the mechanisms available in the literature, particularly sympathetic nucleation.     

PMN-PNN-PT单晶的固相法生长研究

采用两步法和埋入PMN-PT单晶为模板的等离子放电烧结（SPS）技术制备出了致密的单一钙钛矿相的PMN-PNN-PT陶瓷，随后在1200℃下退火100h来诱导晶体的生长。实验结果表明，PMN-PNN-PT单晶〈111〉方向的生长速度明显快于〈001〉方向，而〈111〉方向生长的晶体形状为V字形，这是由钙钛矿结构的生长机理决定的，钙钛矿结构晶体的生长是通过〈001〉方向的层状生长来实现的。