脂肪酶固定化研究和应用

采用硅藻土作载体,进行了脂肪酶的固定化。利用固定化酶选择性催化1-苯乙醇与乙酸乙烯酯的转酯化反应,得到R-乙酸苯乙酯,进行1-苯乙醇的拆分。实验考察了不同吸附方法固定化酶的效果,确定效果最好的固定方法为载体涂布法,并对该法的固定化条件进行了优化。制备的固定化酶的转酯比活比游离酶提高了14．3倍。固定化没有改变酶的选择性．对映体过剩值仍大于98％。初步探讨了固定化酶和游离酶的反应过程。     

负载型Collins试剂的制备及应用研究

利用活性炭、氧化铝、硅胶作载体制备得到负载型Collins试剂,以其选择性氧化1-苯乙醇成苯乙酮反应为例,考察了各种载体、反应时间、载体加入量对氧化反应产率的影响。控制负载型Collins试剂中Collins试剂的负载量均为5 mmol·g~(-1),在15～20℃反应,搅拌时间为3 h,用气相色谱仪跟踪反应进程,1-苯乙醇的氧化反应产率为:活性炭73.5%、氧化铝95.4%、硅胶97.1%。硅胶是制备负载型Collins试剂的优良载体,且在氧化1-苯乙醇反应中,在一定范围内增加反应时间和载体加入量都可以提高氧化产率。     

天然固定化木瓜脂肪酶催化芳香仲醇动力学拆分的研究

将木瓜来源的廉价天然固定化脂肪酶CPL用于手性拆分芳香仲醇,以4-苯基-2-丁醇作为模式底物,考察了反应温度、反应溶剂、酰基供体以及底物摩尔比对CPL拆分能力的影响,结果表明,适宜的反应温度30~45℃,酰基供体为活性乙烯酯,正己烷或环己烷作为反应溶剂,底物/酰基供体摩尔比1∶2,在该条件下底物的转化率接近50%,e.es大于99%,反应的对映体比值E大于200。CPL对其他结构类似的芳香仲醇也具有很好的拆分能力。该研究为手性芳香仲醇的酶催化制备提供了新的催化剂选择。     

一种选择性拆分布洛芬对映体的固定化脂肪酶

为了提高扩展青霉TS414脂肪酶(PEL)对布洛芬的拆分效率,建立了适于非水相中选择性拆分(R,S)-布洛芬的固定化方法. 结果表明,固定化介质的类型、冻干pH和外加水量等因素对固定化PEL酶促拆分(R,S)-布洛芬有较大影响. 在冻干pH为9.0、外加水量为0、以大孔吸附树脂AB-8为固定化载体的体系中,40℃反应30 h后,拆分反应的转化率可达47%,对映体过量值eeP可达98.75%. AB-8固定化后,PEL在有机相反应体系中的分散性得到了明显改善,大幅度提高了酶促拆分反应的效率;大孔吸附树脂AB-8固定化PEL具有较高的操作稳定性,连续10批拆分反应的平均转化率在47%以上,eeP值均稳定在98%以上.     

类红球细菌羧酸酯酶催化1-苯乙醇的转酯反应研究

以来源于类红球细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroides)的羧酸酯酶RspE为催化剂,首次探讨了它在有机溶剂中的催化特性,并在研究中将1-苯乙醇与乙酸乙烯酯的转酯反应作为模型反应。比较5种不同有机溶剂以及4个不同温度对酯酶RspE催化反应的影响,发现在45oC乙腈作为溶剂时酶的催化活性最高。而在酶的稳定性研究中,发现酯酶RspE在有机溶剂中暴露4天后,催化转酯反应进行两天的保留活性为58.3%,表明有机溶剂中的长时间暴露使得酯酶的催化活性有损失。在最适条件下反应6天后的结果显示,转化率达到了47.9%,而对映体选择性值达到了64,表明该羧酸酯酶对1-R-苯乙醇具有良好的手性选择性。经本实验研究发现,类红球细菌羧酸酯酶RspE在有机溶剂中能够有选择性地催化1-苯乙醇转酯反应的进行,表明该酯酶不但可以在水相中催化水解反应的进行,还可以作为一种新的生物催化剂应用于有机相催化工业。     

用壳聚糖修饰的大孔SiO_2材料固定化脂肪酶拆分萘普生甲酯

以壳聚糖(Chitosan,CS)修饰的大孔SiO_2材料为载体,通过吸附法固定柱状假丝酵母菌脂肪酶(Candida rugosa lipase,CRL)获得了CRL/CS-SiO_2固定化脂肪酶。并以催化拆分萘普生甲酯水解反应为对象,研究大孔SiO_2载体性能以及CRL固定量对反应的影响。结果表明,该CRL/CS-SiO_2固定化酶在结构上仍然保持载体Si O_2材料的微米级孔道,且CRL以纳米薄层的形式较为均匀地涂覆在孔道表面上。该固定化酶催化生成(S)-萘普生的转化率和选择性都远高于游离酶,其产物转化率随着CRL酶固定量的增加而增大,当CRL负载量为53.2 mg/g,反应120 h时,(S)-萘普生的转化率可达到44.6%,对映体过剩值eep达到100%,对映体选择性远大于200。     

生物法制备手性仲醇化合物

手性仲醇是重要的手性化合物,从生物法制备手性仲醇的角度,综述了酶催化不对称合成、细胞催化不对称合成和酶催化拆分的特点,同时以2-辛醇、苯乙醇等仲醇为例进行深入讨论,展望了该领域未来的发展前景。     

固定化假单胞菌脂肪酶催化(R,S)-3-羟基丁酸乙酯转酯化拆分

设计制备出比表面积290.6 m2/g、平均孔径和孔体积16.5 nm和1.66 cm3的功能化介孔载体G-NH2-MCF,G-NH2-MCF共价结合假单胞菌脂肪酶(Pseudomonas sp Lipase,PSL),获得了固定化酶PSL/G-NH2-MCF。在甲苯溶剂中,乙酸乙烯酯作酰化剂,固定化酶PSL/G-NH2-MCF催化(R,S)-3-羟基丁酸乙酯的转酯化拆分反应,转化率为15.6%,(S)-3-羟基丁酸乙酯的对映体过量值(eeS)为17.8%,(R)-3-乙酸基丁酸乙酯对映体过量值(eeP)为96.2%,对映选择性参数E为61;而在相同条件下,使用游离酶PSL催化拆分反应,转化率、eeS、eeP和E值分别为2.16%,1.95%,88.2%和16,PSL经G-NH2-MCF固定化后催化性能得到明显提高。同时研究了固定化酶PSL/GNH2-MCF催化(R,S)-3-羟基丁酸乙酯转酯拆分的反应条件对转化率和对映选择性的影响规律。     

固定化假单胞菌脂肪酶催化(R,S)-3-羟基丁酸乙酯转酯化拆分

设计制备出比表面积290.6 m2/g、平均孔径和孔体积16.5 nm和1.66 cm3的功能化介孔载体G-NH2-MCF,G-NH2-MCF共价结合假单胞菌脂肪酶(Pseudomonas sp Lipase,PSL),获得了固定化酶PSL/G-NH2-MCF。在甲苯溶剂中,乙酸乙烯酯作酰化剂,固定化酶PSL/G-NH2-MCF催化(R,S)-3-羟基丁酸乙酯的转酯化拆分反应,转化率为15.6%,(S)-3-羟基丁酸乙酯的对映体过量值(eeS)为17.8%,(R)-3-乙酸基丁酸乙酯对映体过量值(eeP)为96.2%,对映选择性参数E为61;而在相同条件下,使用游离酶PSL催化拆分反应,转化率、eeS、eeP和E值分别为2.16%,1.95%,88.2%和16,PSL经G-NH2-MCF固定化后催化性能得到明显提高。同时研究了固定化酶PSL/GNH2-MCF催化(R,S)-3-羟基丁酸乙酯转酯拆分的反应条件对转化率和对映选择性的影响规律。     

酶催化手性拆分旋光异构体

将酶催化拆分反应的国内外新进展归纳为水解反应、氧化-还原反应、转移-裂合反应以及非水介质中的合成反应等类型,并列举了其中一些具有重要理论意义或应用价值的实例。探讨了介质工程、预处理酶及添加剂等因素对对映体选择性和产率的影响。指出酶催化手性拆分在不对称合成领域的发展方向将是新的适用反应类型的开发、酶的固定化及重复利用技术,以及大规模制备手性产品的专用反应器的设计等。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。