新修定的化学防护服国家标准解析

为厘清化学防护服国家标准修订后的情况,通过分析我国化学防护服国家标准发展历史,研究国外化学防护服标准,重点针对修订后的GB 24539—2021《防护服装化学防护服》的变化,从化学防护服的分类、性能要求、试验方法等方面对该标准加以解读。分析发现：GB 24539—2021将相关标准进行整合,对化学防护服的分类进行了较大的调整和更新,删除了非气密型化学防护服-ET,增加了气密型化学防护服、有限泼溅化学防护服和织物酸碱类化学防护服;相应地,性能要求也产生了较大变化,主要包括服装整体防护性能、服装面料防护性能及服装面料理化性能;GB 24539—2021中的大部分试验方法沿用了之前相关标准中的试验方法,但也进行了相应的改进和完善,主要包括试样预处理条件和试验环境条件、化学防护服向内泄漏率测试方法、化学防护服液密性能测试方法、化学防护服面料耐磨损性能测试方法和耐屈挠破坏性能测试方法。     

化学防护服及新材料应用

综述了化学防护服的性能要求、生产加工和几种用于化学防护服的高性能纤维性能,分析了现代化学防护服的发展趋势;认为在防护服领域推广应用高性能纤维以满足防护服多功能化要求,以及提高防护服的舒适性是未来防护服的发展方向。     

防护服工效性能评价方法研究进展

防护服在保护作业人员免受环境因素威胁的同时,也给着装人体带来了很多负效应,例如阻碍了人体活动。符合人体工效学的功能评价是防护服性能评价的重要内容。为此,回顾国内外防护服工效性能评价研究现状,对防护服工效性能评价进行定义。在此基础上论述了关节活动范围、操作灵活性等方面的工效性能评价内容,分别从主观评价、客观评价和数字模拟评价3个方面探讨了防护服工效性能评价方法。提出建立防护服工效性能综合评价体系、在虚拟现实仿真条件下对防护服工效性能评价进行研究。     

化学防护服的研究进展

为全面了解化学防护服的各类性能要求,介绍了非织造布、无支撑橡胶或塑料、微孔膜材料、吸附性材料、涂层织物、复合材料等不同材质化学防护服的性能差异,回顾了化学防护服的发展情况;参照各类标准对防化服的要求,总结了化学防护服的设计流程,并系统概述了用于化学防护服性能评价的五级分析系统。通过对比国内外相关标准发现,目前标准中存在着性能检测局限性、标准体系化较低、标准更新速度较慢等不足。针对目前化学防护服存在的问题指出未来研究方向:在今后的研究中应从人、化学防护服、环境3个方面系统强化化学防护服各性能之间的关联性和系统性,提高对化学防护服整体性能的准确判断。     

化学防护服液密性测试仪的设计与使用

阐述了化学防护服液密性能的测试原理,介绍了其技术特征,并根据国家标准GB 24540-2009《防护服装酸碱类化学品防护服》和GB 24539-2009《防护服装化学防护服通用技术要求》,设计开发了一种用于检测防护服液密性能的仪器,介绍了仪器的设计原理、组成、实现方法以及测试过程.     

针织结构生化防护材料的研究现状及发展前景

介绍各类生化防护服的防护透湿机理和防护性能的差异,以及选择性渗透膜材料的分类及性能评价方法。根据选择性透气式防护服的性能要求,分析针织结构生化防护材料的发展可行性。指出针织复合结构选择性渗透防护服的发展方向,包括基于针织结构与纳米纤维的选择性渗透防护服、基于针织结构与酶的选择性渗透防护服、基于针织结构的选择性渗透防护服。该研究可为新型复合结构生化防护服的研发提供一定的参考。     

医用防护服防护性能研究

文章通过针对不同医用防护服进行静水压法、喷淋式沾水法和抗合成血液测试,探讨不同医用防护服防水性能的差异和分析防护服抗血液渗透性能。结果表明,无接缝式试样与通过淋膜处理后的试样防水性能较好,有接缝式及未经任何处理的试样防水性能稍差;防护服的抗血液渗透性与喷射压力有关,抗压力越大,防护服的等级越高,防护性能越好。     

生化防护服防护性能分析与探讨

介绍了生化防护服的防护原理,生化防护服必须具备的防护性能以及应具备的良好的服用性能;指出了今后生化防护服的研发方向。     

蒸汽防护服装的性能要求及研究现状

叙述了蒸汽防护服装的防护原理及影响因素,介绍了目前美、法两国蒸汽防护服装相关研究概况,并提出蒸汽防护服装必须具备防蒸汽透过性能、耐高温性能、隔热性能以及一定的服用性能。     

常用高温及低温防护服隔热性能的对比

高温和低温防护服是在具有较大温差的不同环境中使用的防护性服装.为此,对常用的高温和低温防护服隔热性能的异同进行研究.结果表明:高温及低温防护服均要求具有良好的隔热性能,服装中热阻较大的区段均位于胸背、臀腹、手臂和大腿部.不同类型高温及低温防护服面料、服装整体的隔热性表现出一定差异.所使用的高温防护服主要通过阻隔环境辐射热和传导热来达到热防护目的,防护的重点在于环境辐射热.低温防护服主要通过阻隔人体内热传递来达到防护的目的.面料并不是决定高温及低温防护服隔热性能的唯一因素,防护服结构设计亦会对其隔热性能产生影响.     

国内外医用手术防护服标准比较及分析(二)

(上接2006年第10期第39页)3.3.1拒液性能测试方法AATCC 42-2000[12]可以衡量织物在水冲击作用下抵御水渗透的能力。将织物试样(170 cm×330 cm)紧密平整地夹持在一块倾斜的板上,试样背后垫上一块称过重量的吸墨纸,用500 m l蒸馏水或去离子水平稳地通过一个漏斗喷洒在试样的表面     

SMS医用非织造手术服材料落絮现象分析

通过对SMS医用非织造手术服材料纤网结构、轧点结构、摩擦性能、表面张力和纤维静电性质的研究,分析其结构性能对使用过程中落絮现象的影响。     

Establishing thermal comfort: characterization of selected performance and physical properties of fabrics used in hospital operating room uniforms

The purpose of this research was to characterize selected thermal properties of clothing fabrics available to operating room (OR) workers at the University of Alberta Hospital and to relate the thermal properties to fabric structural characteristics. In this study, we measured the thermal resistance and air permeability of fabrics obtained from surgical gowns, scrubs and warm-up jackets currently in use in ORs in a specific hospital. The results showed that the fabrics from which the surgical gowns were made provide the highest thermal insulation with lowest air permeability, while the warm-up jackets’ fabrics had the greatest air permeability with low thermal insulation values. The clothing options available to workers in the OR fall well below the predicted clothing insulation values for thermal comfort. For workers in the OR, such as anaesthesiologists, who are predominantly sedentary throughout their work shift, the lack of thermally insulating clothing options has consequences for their overall thermal comfort. This study comprises part of a larger ongoing study investigating improving the OR workers thermal comfort through clothing.     

非织造布在手术服中的应用

手术服是医疗中不可缺少的纺织品，随着人们安全和健康意识的提高，对手术服的性能提出了更高的要求。本文介绍了非织造布手术服的性能要求、发展现状及生产工艺。     

木浆复合水刺手术衣材料三防整理工艺研究

阐述了对手术衣进行三防整理的工艺与性能要求。通过单因子实验,分析了整理工艺参数对材料阻隔性能的影响及整理剂对材料的作用机理;通过正交实验优化了整理工艺条件,分析比较了整理前后材料性能的变化。     

An investigation about comfort and protection performances of disposable and reusable surgical gowns by objective and subjective measurements

This study was conducted to investigate comfort and microbial protection performances of two reusable and two disposable surgical gowns by subjective wear trials conducted on eight healthy Dentistry faculty students under environmental conditions suitable for a surgical operation. Protection performances of the gowns were tested by a modified bacterial resistance test. Physiological and psychological data were obtained during wear trials. All objective and subjective results were evaluated in the light of standard physical, mechanical, permeability, and resistance (thermal and water vapor) characteristics of the fabrics. According to the results, thermal comfort performance of the woven gown produced from microfiber polyester was the best according to subjective wear trial and microbial resistance test results. Disposable nonwoven gowns had lower comfort performances despite their higher permeability and lower resistance values. Moreover, chest skin temperature, arm microclimate temperature, and arm relative humidity are the physiological parameters significantly correlated with subjective comfort evaluation results.     

Reusables win a battle over disposables

The time is right to market the environmental benefits of reusable textiles. Take it from Stan Wiener, director of sales for Unitex Textile Rental Services, Mount Vernon, N.Y. Wearing one of his company's reusable cloth examination gowns, Wiener made a sales call to a leading New York health services center. Persuaded by the environmental friendliness of reusables, the health center made the switch from paper gowns and has realized a 5,000-lb. reduction in disposable trash.     

Modeling the effect of weave structure and fabric thread density on the barrier effectiveness of woven surgical gowns

Surgical gowns are the shielding cloths worn by the surgical team throughout a surgery to save them from blood pathogens of the patient being operated, and to avoid bacterial infections. Barrier effectiveness of a fabric depends upon the liquid penetration resistance and pathogen resistance of the fabric. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of different weave structures and fabric thread densities on the barrier effectiveness of the woven surgical gowns. Twelve fabric samples were produced using three different weave structures, i.e. 1/1 plain, 2/2 z-twill, and 3/3 z-twill, and four different fabric constructions and then completed with a water repellent finish. Water repellency spray test and air permeability test were conducted on each of the 12 woven samples. The results of fabric samples were analyzed in Minitab statistical software. The coefficients of determinations (R² values) of the regression equations show good prediction ability of the developed statistical models. The findings of the study may be helpful in deciding appropriate manufacturing specifications of surgical gowns to attain maximum barrier effectiveness.     

论清代龙袍纹样织绣的技艺之美

以清代龙袍纹样的织绣为对象,从技术与艺术两方面对其作了具体研究,尤其是对纹样的织造和刺绣进行了详尽分析,直观地体现了其工艺技术之美,为当代服装设计提供了借鉴.     

医疗机构手术服及铺单的选择及其相关标准

在手术过程中,医务人员容易暴露在患者的血液和体液中,接触各种血源性致病因子.手术服及铺单用于保持无菌环境,并保护患者及医护人员免于受到污染,其质量性能要满足产品在预计暴露的环境中发挥相应的作用.