重烷基苯磺酸盐复配体系界面张力和乳化性能的评价

将全馏分重烷基苯切割成一系列窄馏分,磺化后的重烷基苯磺酸盐（HABS）按相对分子质量由小到大编号为HABS-1,3,5,7,9。以新疆八区530原油为油相,地层模拟水为水相,分别测试全馏分和窄馏分重烷基苯磺酸盐对体系界面张力和乳化性能的影响。结果表明：随着窄馏分HABS平均相对分子质量的增大,油水界面张力先减小后增大,当窄馏分HABS的相对分子质量为398（烷基碳链平均碳数为15）时,油水界面张力最低,为0.002 3 mN/m;使用HABS-3与15%的HABS-1、AEO-9复配剂,体系的乳化综合指数达到89.51%、88.70%,油水界面张力分别为0.009 8 mN/m和0.005 9 mN/m,均处于10-3 mN/m的超低水平。     

AlCl_3/SiO_2催化剂上重烷基苯的合成及其磺酸盐的表面性质

以AlCl3/SiO2为催化剂,以苯、甲苯、乙苯为芳烃原料,与工业混合重烯烃(C14～18烯烃)通过烷基化反应合成重烷基苯,并以发烟硫酸为磺化剂合成三次采油用重烷基苯磺酸钠表面活性剂。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对重烷基苯及其磺酸盐进行了结构表征,并研究了磺酸盐的表面性质。结果表明,AlCl3/SiO2催化剂具有较高的芳烃与C14～18烯烃烷基化反应活性,且芳烃类型影响催化剂的稳定性,其中甲苯与烯烃烷基化反应时,催化剂的稳定性最好;在甲苯与C14～18烯烃摩尔比20:1、反应温度80℃、单釜反应时间3h的条件下,C14～18烯烃转化率为100%时,AlCl3/SiO2催化剂可稳定使用24次;在合成的表面活性剂中,带有甲基、长烷基链的重烷基苯磺酸钠具有较低的临界胶束浓度和表面张力,界面性质良好。     

大庆原油中酸性及含氮组分对界面张力的影响

从低酸值大庆原油分离得到酸性组分（Acids）和含氮杂环组分（NCHC）2种活性组分,系统考察了所分离活性组分的界面活性及其与重烷基苯磺酸盐(HABS)在降低油-水界面张力方面的协同效应。结果表明,NCHC组分尽管在碱性条件下自身的界面活性不如酸性组分,但是其与HABS具有显著的协同效应,使降低体系油-水界面张力的作用与酸性组分相当;二者与HABS的协同作用机理不同,酸性组分和碱反应的产物与HABS在降低油-水界面张力方面存在明显的协同作用,在强碱条件下易于使体系油-水界面张力达到超低值;而含氮杂环组分自身与HABS间在降低油-水界面张力方面存在明显的协同效应,在含盐条件下就易于使体系油-水界面张力达到超低值。     

石油羧酸盐和磺酸盐复配体系的界面活性

研究了用石油馏分液相氧化产物制得的石油羧酸盐与不同磺酸盐（ＯＲＳ－４１、Ｂ－１００、ＭＳ－４５等）的复配体系的界面活性。结果表明,复配体系的界面生优于单一的石油羧酸或磺酸盐体系。复配体系的这些特点对提高驱油效率很有利。     

重烷基苯磺酸盐溶液中混合无机碱对大庆原油界面流变性质的影响

为阐明碱对化学驱体系界面性质的影响规律,利用振荡滴方法系统研究了重烷基苯磺酸盐与大庆原油间的界面扩张流变性质,考察了无机碱对重烷基苯磺酸盐 大庆原油界面性质的影响。研究发现,重烷基苯磺酸盐分子与大庆原油中活性组分混合吸附,形成具有一定强度的界面膜,界面扩张模量和相角随重烷基苯磺酸盐质量分数的增加变化较小。无机碱与大庆原油中的石油酸作用,随碱质量分数增大和碱性增强,界面膜强度不断增大。NaOH与重烷基苯磺酸盐之间存在协同效应,明显增大界面扩张模量,有利于原油乳化;而Na2CO3和NaHCO3破坏重烷基苯磺酸盐界面膜的结构,造成界面扩张模量降低。     

1-Phenylalkane Sulfonates for Studying Interfacial Tensions

A series of 1-phenylalkane sulfonates with high purity were synthesized through a simple and effective way. Interfacial tension (IFT) of 1-phenylalkane sulfonates against crude oil from Daqing oil field in China was investigated, interfacial tension minima were observed with changes of surfactant concentrations and time. Alkali concentrations where lowest interfacial tensions were achieved moved to low regions by increasing the chain length of 1-phenylalkane sulfonates, namely, 1-phenyldodecane sulfonate at about 2.2%, 1-phenyltetradecane sulfonate at about 0.6%, 1-phenylhexadecane sulfonate at about 0.3%. No minima were observed when interfacial tensions of pure 1-phenylalkane sulfonates against alkanes were measured. The phenomenon is quite distinct from that of 1-phenylalkane sulfontes against crude oil.     

1-Phenylalkane Sulfonates for Studying Interfacial Tensions

Abstract

A series of 1-phenylalkane sulfonates with high purity were synthesized through a simple and effective way. Interfacial tension (IFT) of 1-phenylalkane sulfonates against crude oil from Daqing oil field in China was investigated, interfacial tension minima were observed with changes of surfactant concentrations and time. Alkali concentrations where lowest interfacial tensions were achieved moved to low regions by increasing the chain length of 1-phenylalkane sulfonates, namely, 1-phenyldodecane sulfonate at about 2.2%, 1-phenyltetradecane sulfonate at about 0.6%, 1-phenylhexadecane sulfonate at about 0.3%. No minima were observed when interfacial tensions of pure 1-phenylalkane sulfonates against alkanes were measured. The phenomenon is quite distinct from that of 1-phenylalkane sulfontes against crude oil.     

烷基芳基磺酸盐结构对原油-表面活性剂-碱体系的油-水界面张力影响

 采用旋转液滴法测定了在不同碱浓度下自制的3种结构烷基芳基磺酸盐(C19-4S、C19-6S、C19-8S)与大庆六厂原油体系的油-水动态界面张力,分别考察了磺酸盐结构、强碱和弱碱浓度对油-水动态界面张力最小值(DIFTmin)和动态界面张力平衡值(DIFTequ)的影响。结果表明,在各自适宜碱浓度下,3种结构烷基芳基磺酸盐均可使大庆六厂原油-表面活性剂-碱体系的油-水界面张力达到超低值 (10-3mN/m);随芳环在烷基芳基磺酸盐长烷链上的位置向烷链中心移动,达到DIFTmin、DIFTequ所需的强碱或弱碱的浓度降低,时间缩短。     

系列化石油磺酸盐与胜利原油相互作用的研究

研究了胜利石油磺酸盐及其系列化产品与胜利原油及其组分之间的界面张力，结果表明，原油组成的差别造成磺化产品性质的差别；同一石油磺酸盐产品不能适应不同区块原油低张力的要求，必须复配适宜的助表面活性剂，而系列化石油磺酸盐与本区块油水具有较好的相似相容性，低浓度下不复配任何助表面活性剂就具有较高的界面活性。     

石油羧酸盐与不同碳链结构磺酸盐复配体系的界面活性研究

为了探求石油磺酸盐与石油羧酸盐复配后产生协同效应的机理,选出直链和支链的石油磺酸盐与石油羟酸盐复配,并测定复配体系的界面张力,研究复配后的界面活性。发现直链的石油磺酸盐复体系要优于支链的碘酸盐复配体系的界面活性,由此讨论了复配效果和石油磺酸盐,石油羧酸盐分子结构及亲水亲油差异的关系。结果表明,直链磺酸盐与石油羧酸盐复配表面出很好的复配效应,而支链磺酸盐与石油羧酸盐复配效果较差。     

表面活性剂-有机膦酸盐复配体系的防垢性能

使用低剂量的HEDP、ATMP和EDTMP 3种膦酸盐防垢剂与SLPS、ORS-41、9AS-3-0和PBET-174种驱油用表面活性剂进行复配,测定了体系的防垢性能.结果表明,合适的复配体系由于各化学剂之间的协同效应,可以显著提高防垢性能,SLPS与ATMP和EDTMP复配、ORS-41与ATMP和EDTMP复配体系...     

改性碱木质素表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用研究

研究了改性碱木质素ML(自制 )作为三次采油表面活性剂和石油磺酸钠复配 ,与原油产生超低界面张力条件并进行了岩心驱替试验。结果表明ML能和石油磺酸钠、碱、聚合物配合将油水界面张力降至超低范围 ,用改性木质素代替 50 %ORS 41表面活性剂 ,复合驱采收率可达到 2 0 %左右 ,略高于纯ORS 41三元复合体系的复合驱采收率 ,使用改性碱木质素可较大幅度地降低驱油成本 ,具有广泛的应用前景     

Dynamic Interfacial Tensions of 1-Phenylalkane Sulfonates

1-Phenylalkane sulfonates (with carbon chains of 12, 14, and 16) with high purity were prepared through a comparably simple way to study dynamic interfacial tensions against crude oil. During the investigation of dynamic interfacial tensions, interfacial tension minima were observed and the reason thereof was given. The effect of surfactant concentration on dynamic interfacial tensions was also studied to find that NaOH concentration can also affect the time reaching minima through affecting the activity of surfactant. For the sake of simplicity, the concept of “appearance” interfacial activity was proposed.     

石油磺酸盐的结构与界面活性的关系及其质量评价

研究了石油磺酸盐的结构与界面活性之间的相互关系并对其进行了质量评价。实验结果表明,当石油磺酸盐溶液与原油的界面张力小于0.050 mN/m、介于0.05～0.150 mN/m或大于0.150 mN/m时,石油磺酸盐的界面活性分别表现为优异、良好和较差;质谱分析结果显示,石油磺酸盐试样中含有烷基苯、烷基萘、烷基茚满、烷基菲、烷基苊、烷基芴和烷基联苯磺酸盐7种类型的磺酸盐,当烷基苯、烷基萘、烷基茚满和烷基苊磺酸盐的质量分数分别为20.0%,5.2%,6.1%,4.6%左右时,试样具有一定的界面活性;待测试样与标准试样(试样9)的相关系数大于0.930时,该试样具有一定的界面活性,相关系数越接近1.000,界面活性越优异。     

烷基芳基磺酸盐结构对原油-表面活性剂-碱体系油-水界面张力的影响

采用旋转液滴法测定了在不同碱浓度下自制的3种结构烷基芳基磺酸盐(C19-4S、C19-6S、C19-8S)与大庆六厂原油体系的油-水动态界面张力,分别考察了磺酸盐结构、强碱和弱碱浓度对油一水动态界面张力最小值(DIFT_(min))和动态界面张力平衡值(DIFT_(equ))的影响.结果表明,在各自适宜碱浓度下,3种结构烷基芳基磺酸盐均可使大庆六厂原油-表面活性剂-碱体系的油-水界面张力达到超低值(10~(-3)mN/m);随芳环在烷基芳基磺酸盐长烷链上的位置向烷链中心移动,达到DIFT_(min)、DIFT_(equ)所需的强碱或弱碱的浓度降低、时间缩短.     

绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷高温高盐驱油性能研究

考察了温度、矿化度对烷基糖苷（APG）油水界面张力与乳化性能的影响,以及高温高盐条件下烷基糖苷提高采收率的能力。结果表明,升高温度及增大矿化度在一定程度上能增强APG的油水界面活性和乳化性能。90℃时,APGl214的油水界面张力可降至4,46×10^-2mN／m,远低于ABS,HABS的油水界面张力;矿化度为100g／L条件下,APGl214的油水界面张力为8．97×10^-2mN／m,耐盐能力明显高于A／3S,HABS;高温条件下,APG可自乳化产生微乳液;APG乳液的稳定性随着矿化度的增大先增强后减弱;在矿化度为100g／L、温度为80℃的条件下,APGl214提高采收率的幅度可达8．03％,约为ABS,HABS的2倍。     

Dynamic Interfacial Tensions of 1-Phenylalkane Sulfonates

Abstract

1-Phenylalkane sulfonates (with carbon chains of 12, 14, and 16) with high purity were prepared through a comparably simple way to study dynamic interfacial tensions against crude oil. During the investigation of dynamic interfacial tensions, interfacial tension minima were observed and the reason thereof was given. The effect of surfactant concentration on dynamic interfacial tensions was also studied to find that NaOH concentration can also affect the time reaching minima through affecting the activity of surfactant. For the sake of simplicity, the concept of “appearance” interfacial activity was proposed.     

Interfacial tensions of phenyltetradecane sulfonates for enhanced oil recovery upon the addition of fatty acids

Producing ultra-low interfacial tensions is one of the most important mechanisms relating to surfactant flooding for enhanced oil recovery. Most crude oils contain organic acids, so it is of great significance to study the effects of fatty acids on the interfacial tensions of surfactant systems. The dynamic interfacial tension behavior of three surfactant systems, 1-phenyltetradecane sulfonate (1-PTDS), 3-phenyltetradecane sulfonate (3-PTDS) and 5-phenyltetradecane sulfonate (PTDS), were researched upon the addition of fatty acids to oil phase, n-octane. It has shown that the interfacial activity of surfactants and their ability of adsorption into interface control the dynamic interfacial tensions between aqueous solutions and oil phase. The interfacial tensions of 1-phenyltetradecane sulfonate decrease upon the addition of fatty acids, that of 3-phenyltetradecane sulfonate increase or do not change and that of 5-phenyltetradecane sulfonate increase. When mixed at appropriate concentrations and ratios, phenyltetradecane sulfonates and fatty acids could produce synergism for obtaining lower interfacial tensions. This study may be helpful in accounting for the cause of producing ultra-low interfacial tensions and for preparing formulations of practical application.     

用气相色谱-质谱法分析三次采油用石油磺酸盐的结构

采用萃取法纯化工业石油磺酸盐试样;在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中以三氟乙酸酐为Lewis酸、KI为强亲核试剂,对纯化后的石油磺酸盐进行快速还原衍生化,并对衍生产物进行GC-MS分析。实验结果表明,当衍生反应体系中的n(石油磺酸盐)∶n(KI)∶n(三氟乙酸酐)=1∶20∶20时,衍生效果最优。采用HP-5石英毛细管柱,在程序升温(起始温度90℃保持2min,然后以4℃/min的速率升至300℃,保持10min)的GC分析条件下,石油磺酸盐衍生产物及其同分异构体得到有效分离。MS分析结果表明,石油磺酸盐试样中含有4种异构的癸烷基苯磺酸盐、4种异构的十一烷基苯磺酸盐、5种异构的十二烷基苯磺酸盐和6种异构的十三烷基苯磺酸盐。     

石油磺酸盐中极性组分的协同效应

采用硅胶柱层析法将两种石油磺酸盐分别分离成不同极性组分,在加醇和无醇条件下考察了石油磺酸盐不同极性组分及其复配体系的相行为和超低界面张力。将不同极性组分按一定比例复配,在加醇条件下可形成中相微乳液,且可获得较高的增溶参数和超低界面张力。在无醇条件下,石油磺酸盐单独组分均不能形成中相微乳液,合理复配两种或三种不同极性组分,不但可以形成中相微乳液且可获得较高的增溶参数和超低界面张力,相行为参数随复配比例的变化而变化。在上述实验的基础上提出石油磺酸盐是由不同极性组分组成的复杂表面活性剂,其不同极性组分间存在协同效应,极性在协同效应中起着重要作用。建议根据不同极性组成比例来监控石油磺酸盐产品质量。