Copolymer resin. VII. 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid–thiourea–formaldehyde copolymer resins and their ion‐exchange properties

8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid–thiourea–formaldehyde copolymer resins were synthesized through the condensation of 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐5‐sulfonic acid and thiourea with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrochloric acid as a catalyst and with various molar ratios of the reacting monomers. The resulting copolymers were characterized with UV‐visible, IR and 1H‐NMR spectral data, employed to determine the reactivity of monomers. The average molecular weights of these resins were determined with vapor pressure osmometry and conductometric titration in a nonaqueous medium. The chelation ion‐exchange properties were also studied with the batch equilibrium method. The resins were proved to be selective chelating ion‐exchange copolymers for certain metals. The chelation ion‐exchange properties of these copolymers were studied for Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Fe³⁺ ions. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths. The copolymers showed a higher selectivity for Fe³⁺ ions than for Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Chelation ion‐exchange properties of copolymer resin derived from 4‐hydroxyacetophenone,oxamide, and formaldehyde

A copolymer (4‐HAOF) prepared by condensation of 4‐hydroxyacetophenone and oxamide with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst proved to be a selective chelating ion‐exchange copolymer for certain metals. Chelating ion‐exchange properties of this copolymer were studied for Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Hg²⁺ ions. A batch equilibrium method was employed in the study of the selectivity of metal‐ion uptake involving the measurements of the distribution of a given metal ion between the copolymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths. The copolymer showed a higher selectivity for Fe³⁺ ions than for Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Hg²⁺ ions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 787–790, 2003     

Terpolymer resin II: Synthesis,characterization, and ion‐exchange properties of 2,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone–dithiooxamide–formaldehyde terpolymers

Terpolymers have been prepared by the condensation of 2,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone (2,4‐HA) and dithiooxamide (D) with formaldehyde (F) in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst with varying the molar proportions of the reactant. Compositions of the terpolymer have been determined by elemental analysis. The number average molecular weight has been determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. Intrinsic viscosities of the solution of the terpolymer have been determined in N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF). The terpolymers have been characterized by UV–visible, IR, and proton NMR spectra. Chelation ion‐exchange properties have also been studied employing the batch equilibrium method. It was employed to study selectivity of metal ion uptake over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strength. The overall rate of metal uptake follows the order: Fe³⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Co²⁺ = Zn²⁺. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Chelation ion‐exchange study of copolymer resin derived from 8‐hydroxyquinoline 5‐sulphonic acid,oxamide, and formaldehyde

Copolymers (8‐HQ5‐SAOF) were synthesized by the condensation of 8‐hydroxyquinoline 5‐sulphonic acid (8‐HQ5‐SA) and oxamide (O) with formaldehyde (F) in the presence of acid catalyst. Four different copolymers were synthesized by using varied molar proportion of the reacting monomers. Copolymer resin composition has been determined on the basis of their elemental analysis and average molecular weights of these resins were determined by conductometric titration in nonaqueous medium. Viscometric measurement in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) has been carried out with a view to ascertain the characteristic functions and constants. Electronic spectra, FTIR, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were studied to elucidate the structures. The newly synthesized copolymer proved to be a selective chelating ion‐exchange copolymer for certain metals. The chelating ion‐exchange properties of this synthesized copolymer was studied for different metal ions such as Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺. A batch equilibrium method was used in the study of the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurements of the distribution of a given metal ion between the copolymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion only for representative copolymer 8‐HQ5‐SAOF‐I due to economy of space. The study was carried out over a wide pH range, shaking time, and in media of various ionic strengths. The copolymer showed a higher selectivity for Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions than for Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Sorption behavior of ion-exchange terpolymer resin with environmental impact: synthesis,characterization and isotherm models

A novel terpolymer acts as an effective chelating ion exchanger which was synthesized using 2-amino-6-nitro-benzothiazole and semicarbazide with formaldehyde (BSF) by solution condensation technique. Its ion exchange properties was determined against certain metal ions viz. Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Pb²⁺ using batch equilibrium technique with different electrolyte concentrations, pH ranges and time intervals. The results of batch studies revealed that the separation of the selected metal ions from the aqueous solution by the terpolymer is found to be excellent compared to the available commercial resins and earlier reported resins. The order of metal ion uptake at higher concentrations by the BSF terpolymer at lower pH is Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Fe³⁺ and at lower concentration at higher pH is Zn²⁺ > Co²⁺ > Pb²⁺. The reusability of the resin was also reported for its effective ion-exchange behaviour for several cycles. The adsorption isotherm model was evaluated and the results are in good agreement with each other. The order of kinetics was also determined and the resin follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. Moreover, the physico-chemical analysis gives strong evidence for the effective metal ion removal compared with the earlier reported and commercial resins. Earlier, the structure and the properties of the synthesized novel chelating resin were clearly elucidated by elemental, FTIR, UV–Vis, ¹H & ¹³C NMR spectra, GPC, SEM and XRD.     

Synthesis of resin IV: Salicylic acid,diaminonaphthalein, and formaldehyde terpolymer and its ion exchange

This article reports the synthesis, characterization, and ion exchange properties of a terpolymer. The terpolymer resin salicylic acid‐diaminonaphthalein‐formaldehyde (SDNF) was synthesized by the condensation of salicylic acid and diaminonaphthalein with formaldehyde in the presence of a hydrochloric acid catalyst. Terpolymer resin was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and UV–Visible spectral studies. The number average molecular weight of the resin was determined by nonaqueous conductometric titration. Chelation ion exchange properties have also been studied for Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺ ions employing a batch equilibrium method. It was employed to study the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurements of distribution of a given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over wide pH range and in a media of various ionic strengths. The terpolymer showed higher selectivity for Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺ions than for Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Studies of Retention and Reusable Capacities of Melamine Formaldehyde Based Terpolymer Against Some Toxic Metal Ions by Batch Equilibrium Method

Chelating terpolymer resin was synthesized and characterized by elemental, physico-chemical, spectral, SEM, XRD, and GPC to elucidate the structure and properties of the terpolymer. Ion-exchange analysis involving evaluation of metal ion uptake in different electrolyte concentrations, pH, and time have been studied to assess the retention capacities of the terpolymer for the metal ions viz. Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Pb²⁺. The adsorption isotherm was evaluated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models and the results were found best fitting with each other. The resin can be successfully used in the field of recovery of metal ions from effluents and contaminated water.     

Nickel(II)‐imprinted monolithic columns for selective nickel recognition

Ni²⁺‐imprinted monolithic column was prepared for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions. N‐Methacryloyl‐L ‐histidine was used as a complexing monomer for Ni²⁺ ions in the preparation of the Ni²⁺‐imprinted monolithic column. The Ni²⁺‐imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐N‐methacryloyl‐L ‐histidine) (PHEMAH) monolithic column was synthesized by bulk polymerization. The template ion (Ni²⁺) was removed with a 4‐(2‐pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR):NH₃? NH₄Cl solution. The water‐uptake ratio of the PHEMAH–Ni²⁺ monolith increased compared with PHEMAH because of the formation of nickel‐ion cavities in the polymer structure. The adsorption of Ni²⁺ ions on both the PHEMAH–Ni²⁺ and PHEMAH monoliths were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity was 0.211 mg/g for the PHEMAH–Ni²⁺ monolith. Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺ ions were used as competitive species in the selectivity experiments. The PHEMAH–Ni²⁺ monolithic column was 268.8, 25.5, and 10.4 times more selective than the PHEMAH monolithic column for the Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe³⁺ ions, respectively. The PHEMAH–Ni²⁺ monolithic column could be used repeatedly without a decrease in the Ni²⁺ adsorption capacity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Sorption properties of the iminodiacetate ion exchange resin,amberlite IRC‐718, toward divalent metal ions

The sorption properties of the commercially available cationic exchange resin, Amberlite IRC‐718, that has the iminodiacetic acid functionality, toward the divalent metal‐ions, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ni²⁺ were investigated by a batch equilibration technique at 25°C as a function of contact time, metal ion concentration, mass of resin used, and pH. Results of the study revealed that the resin exhibited higher capacities and a more pronounced adsorption toward Fe²⁺ and that the metal‐ion uptake follows the order: Fe²⁺ > Cu²⁺> Zn²⁺ >Ni²⁺. The adsorption and binding capacity of the resin toward the various metal ions investigated are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Synthesis,characterization, metal sorption,and biological activity of poly(N‐heterocylic acrylamide)

N‐heterocyclic acrylamide monomers were prepared and then transferred to the corresponding polymers to be used as an efficient chelating agent. Polymers reacted with metal nitrate salts (Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺_, Mg²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺_, Fe²⁺) at 150°C to give metal‐polymer complexes. The selectivity of the metal ions using prepared polymers from an aqueous mixture containing different metal ion sreflected that the polymer having thiazolyl moiety more selective than that containing imidazolyl or pyridinyl moieties. Ion selectivity of poly[N‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)acrylamide] showed higher selectivity to many ions e.g. Fe³⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺. While, that of poly[N‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)acrylamide] is found to be high selective to Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ only. Energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements, morphology of the polymers and their metallopolymer complexes, thermal analysis and antimicrobial activity were studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42712.     

Synthesis and adsorption properties of macroporous cross‐linked polystyrene that contains an immobilizing 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole with tetraethylene glycol spacers

A novel chelating resin macroporous cross‐linked polystyrene immobilizing 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole via a hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol spacer (PS‐TEG‐BMT) is synthesized and the structure is characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX), and elementary analysis. Its adsorption capacity for several metal ions such as Hg²⁺, Ag⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Fe³⁺, Bi³⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cu²⁺ are investigated. The initial experimental result shows that this resin has higher adsorption selectivity for Hg²⁺ and Ni²⁺ than for the other metal ions and the introduction of hydrophilic TEG spacer is beneficial to increase adsorption capacities. The result also shows that the Langmuir model is better than the Freundlich model to describe the isothermal process of PS‐TEG‐BME resin for Hg²⁺. Five adsorption‐desorption cycles demonstrate that this resin are suitable for reuse without considerable change in adsorption capacity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1515–1521, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Synthesis,characterization, and metal ion uptake studies of chelating resins derived from formaldehyde/furfuraldehyde condensed phenolic schiff base of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane and o‐hydroxyacetophenone

The synthesis, characterization, and metal ion uptake studies of two chelating resins with multiple functional groups are reported. The chelating resins were synthesized by condensing a phenolic Schiff base derived from 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane and o‐hydroxyacetophenone with formaldehyde or furfuraldehyde. The resins readily absorbed transition metal ions, such as Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺, from dilute aqueous solutions. The Schiff base, resins, and metal polychelates were characterized by various instrumental techniques, such as elemental‐analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy proton and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H‐NMR and ¹³C‐NMR, respectively), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric–differential thermogravimetric analyses (TG–DTG). The ¹H‐NMR and ¹³C‐NMR studies were used to determine the sites for aldehyde condensation with the phenolic moiety. Fourier transform infrared data provided evidence for metal–ligand bonding. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to compare the relative thermal stabilities of the resins and the polychelates. The TG data were fitted into different models and subjected to computational analysis to calculate the kinetic parameters. The XRD data indicate that the incorporation of metal ion into the resin matrix significantly enhanced the degree of crystallinity of the material. The extent of metal‐ion loading into the resins was studied in competitive and noncompetitive conditions, varying the time of contact, metal ion concentrations, and pH of the reaction medium in a suitable buffer medium. The furfuraldehyde‐condensed resin was more effective in removing metal ions than the formaldehyde‐condensed resins. The resins were selective for Cu²⁺, resulting in separation of Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ from the mixture at pH 5.89. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 570–581, 2003     

Poly(2‐acrylamido glycolic acid‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid): Synthesis,characterization, and retention properties for environmentally impacting metal ions

Poly(2‐acrylamido glycolic acid‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid) [P(AGA‐co‐APSA)] was synthesized by radical polymerization in an aqueous solution. The water‐soluble polymer, containing secondary amide, hydroxyl, carboxylic, and sulfonic acid groups, was investigated, in view of their metal‐ion‐binding properties, as a polychelatogen with the liquid‐phase polymer‐based retention technique under different experimental conditions. The investigated metal ions were Ag⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cr³⁺, and these were studied at pHs 3, 5, and 7. P(AGA‐co‐APSA) showed efficient retention of all metal ions at the pHs studied, with a minimum of 60% for Co(II) at pH 3 and a maximum close to 100% at pH 7 for all metal ions. The maximum retention capacity (n metal ion/n polymer) ranged from 0.22 for Cd²⁺ to 0.34 for Ag⁺. The antibacterial activity of Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cd²⁺ polymer–metal complexes was studied, and P(AGA‐co‐APSA)–Cd²⁺ presented selective antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/mL. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(hydroxamic acid)–poly(amidoxime) chelating ligands from polymer‐grafted acacia cellulose

Graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) and acrylonitrile (AN) onto acacia cellulose was carried out using free radical initiating process in which ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) was used as an initiator. The optimum grafting yield was determined by the certain amount of acacia cellulose (AGU), mineral acid (H₂SO₄), CAN, MA, and AN at 0.062, 0.120, 0.016, 0.397, and 0.550 mol L^?1, respectively. The poly(methyl acrylate‐co‐acrylonitrile)‐grafted acacia cellulose was obtained at 55°C after 2‐h stirring, and purified acrylic polymer‐grafted cellulose was characterized by FTIR and TG analysis. Therein, the ester and nitrile functional groups of the grafted copolymers were reacted with hydroxylamine solution for conversion into the hydroxamic acid and amidoxime ligands. The chelating behavior of the prepared ligands toward some metal ions was investigated using batch technique. The metal ions sorption capacities of the ligands were pH dependent, and the sorption capacity toward the metal ions was in the following order: Zn²⁺ > Fe³⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Ni²⁺. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate sodium): Synthesis,characterization, and its potential application for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solution

In the current study, poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate sodium), poly(VP‐co‐AMPS), was prepared and used for the removal of Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions via a polymer‐enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) technique. The copolymer was synthesized by radical polymerization in an aqueous medium with a comonomer feed composition of 50:50 mol %. The molecular structure of the copolymer was elucidated by ATR‐FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and the average molecular weight was obtained by GPC. The copolymer composition was determined to be 0.42 for VP and 0.58 for AMPS by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The copolymer and homopolymers exhibited different retention properties for the metal ions. PAMPS exhibited a high retention capacity for all of the metal ions at both pH values studied. PVP exhibited selectivity for nickel ions. Poly(VP‐co‐AMPS) exhibited a lower retention capacity compared to PAMPS. However, for poly(VP‐co‐AMPS), selectivity for nickel ions was observed, and the retention of copper and cadmium ions increased compared to PVP. The homopolymer mixture containing PAMPS and PVP was inefficient for the retention of the studied metal ions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41272.     

Fe2+ and Fe3+ adsorption on 2‐vinylpyridine–divinylbenzene copolymers and acrylonitrile–methyl methacrylate–divinylbenzene terpolymers

The adsorption of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions on 2‐vinylpyridine–divinylbenzene copolymer and acrylonitrile–methyl methacrylate–divinylbenzene terpolymer was investigated. In general, the adsorption of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ in both resins increased with the enhancement of hydrochloric acid and metal concentration. The metal adsorption on the terpolymer increased sharply with the addition of small portions of ethanol, whereas the adsorption on the copolymer practically was not affected by the presence of the alcohol. An increase in temperature produced a small increase in iron adsorption for both resins. Fourier transform infrared spectra showed that nitrile and ester groups of the terpolymer did not suffer hydrolysis during metal adsorption, even for the highest HCl concentration and the highest temperature applied. A mechanism of iron adsorption through the ion exchange of chloride anions by tetrahedral [FeCl₄]^2? or [FeCl₄]^? anions is proposed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3905–3912, 2003     

Chelation properties of poly(β‐diketone) polymer and its oxime toward heavy metal ions

The chelation behavior of poly(β‐diketone), polymer I, and poly(β‐diketone) oxime, polymer II, toward the divalent metal ions, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cd²⁺, and the trivalent lanthanide metal ions, La³⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Gd³⁺, and Tb³⁺ was investigated by a batch equilibration technique as a function of contact time, pH, and counter ion. Polymer II exhibited improved chelation characteristics toward lanthanide metal ions in comparison with polymer I and the metal‐ion uptake follows the order Tb³⁺ ≈ Gd³⁺ ≈ Sm³⁺ > Nd³⁺ ≈ La³⁺. On the other hand, polymer I showed relatively higher capacity than polymer II, toward the investigated divalent metal ions, where the metal‐ion uptake follows the order Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺ ≈ Zn²⁺ > Ni²⁺. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Removal of phosphate ions with a chemically modified chitosan/metal‐ion complex

The adsorption of metal ions (Mo⁶⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Fe³⁺) was examined on chemically modified chitosans with a higher fatty acid glycidyl (CGCs), and the adsorption of Cu²⁺ was examined on ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dianhydride modified CGCs (EDTA‐CGCs) synthesized by the reaction of the CGCs with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dianhydride. The adsorption of phosphate ions onto the resulting substrate/metal‐ion complex was measured. Mo⁶⁺ depicted remarkable adsorption toward the CGCs, although all the Mo⁶⁺ was desorbed under the adsorption conditions of the phosphate ions. The other metal ions were adsorbed to some extent on CGCs by chelating to the amino group in the substrate, except for CGC‐1, which had the highest degree of substitution (83.9%). Considerable amounts of Fe²⁺ were adsorbed onto CGCs; however, only a limited number of phosphate ions was adsorbed onto the substrate/metal‐ion complex. As a result, the following adsorbent/metal‐ion complexes gave higher adsorption ability toward phosphate ions: CGC‐4/Cu²⁺, CGC‐4/Fe³⁺, and EDTA‐CGC‐3/Fe³⁺. Where, CGC‐3 is a chemically modified chitosan with the degree of substitution of 26.5 percentage, and CGC‐4 is one with the degree of substitution of 16.0 percentage. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Effect of adsorbed metal ions and buffer nature on IgG separation from human plasma by column chromatography using an ion exchange resin,Amberlite IRC‐718

Fractionation of human plasma on ion exchanger resin was performed on Amberlite IRC‐718 saturated with metal ions. Depletion of human immunoglobulin G was carried out by column chromatography using Tris‐HCl, pH 7 at different concentrations. Results showed that, when Cu⁺² and Ni⁺² were adsorbed on the resin, one or two fractions of purified IgG were obtained, respectively. Whereas Fe⁺² and Zn⁺², both retain IgG and serum albumin or serum albumin alone. Furthermore, the Ni⁺²‐resin retention of serum proteins is too strong that the use of 700 mMTris‐HCl cannot liberate any other proteins than nonadsorbed serum albumin. In conclusion, this investigation demonstrates that immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography with Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, and Fe²⁺ immobilized on Amberlite IRC‐718 has the potential to be developed as part of a process to purify IgG out of untreated human plasma as acceptable adsorption and elution levels of IgG could be achieved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Concentration and separation of aqueous solutions of Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe3+ by dextran

The effects of water-soluble polymers on the concentration and separation of the aqueous solutions of the metal ions have been studied. The separation of metal ions can be possible by ultrafiltration-complexation process. The effect of Dextran, which is a water-soluble polymer, on the concentration and separation of metal ions (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe³⁺) have been investigated by using EC-PEG 4000 alloy membranes. The permeability of these membranes for metal ions has been rrecorded at constant pressure but different pH values. It has been notices that the highest water-permeable membrane is also permeable towards Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺, but has shown a considerable retention for Fe³⁺ as a result of the hydrolysis of Fe³⁺. The retentions of metallic ions and metallic-ion-Dextran couples have been determined at constant pressure but different pH and polymer concentration values. It has been shown that Fe³⁺/Ni²⁺ and Fe³⁺/Cu²⁺ couples can be separated by using Dextran. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.