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北京:积极推进节约型园林绿化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
·编者按· 实施节约园林,是当今世界非常关注的问题,更是人类对自己所生存的环境关爱的明智之举.本期专题围绕"节约园林"这个行业的热门话题,邀请北京、上海、广州三个城市的专家领导和从事设计、科研、建设的专家,结合自己的实践各抒己见,并介绍推荐了许多好的做法,给读者以启发和借鉴. 相似文献
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十年前,建筑界最精力充沛的探险家瑞姆·库哈斯带领着他的哈佛团队潜入珠三角,以一部后来被冠名为"大跃进"的集体著作,拉开一个区域被大笔书写的序幕。此后的十年,以广州、深圳为中心的珠三角城市故事作为一种全新的模式受到世界关注。这里发生的一切好像一部美国西部大开发历史,曾经蛮荒的土地上,城市运动带来的变化令人目眩神迷。 相似文献
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问:能否介绍一下您在怎样的背景下提出2007深圳·香港城市\建筑双城双年展的主题——"城市的过期和再生"?马清运:一般说来对于城市的理解有两种学派,一种学派认为城市是通过时间的孕育和历史的演变自然而然生长出来的,是一个有机体,所有的有机体都有生、长、熟、死的过程。但这恰恰违背我们盖房子和建城市 相似文献
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2005年4月8日,在”四面荷花三面柳,一城山色半城湖”的文化名城济南,山东临工工程机械有限公司迎来了喜庆的日子。经国家人事部批准,临工博士后科研工作站正式成立,同时挂牌的还有临工工程机械研究所。出席挂牌典礼的有山东省人事厅的领导、临沂市人民政府的领导、中国工程机械工业协会的领导,还有吉林大学、同济大学、长安大学、山西科技大学、北京航空航天大学、柳工工程机械集团的专家、教授以及新闻媒体、协作单位的代表。 相似文献
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The 121 mining method of longwall mining first proposed in England has been widely used around the world.This method requires excavation of two mining roadways and reservation of one coal pillar to mine one working face.Due to considerable excavation of roadway,the mining roadway is generally destroyed during coal mining.The stress concentration in the coal pillar can cause large deformation of surrounding rocks,rockbursts and other disasters,and subsequently a large volume of coal pillar resources will be wasted.To improve the coal recovery rate and reduce excavation of the mining roadway,the 111 mining method of longwall mining was proposed in the former Soviet Union based on the 121 mining method.The 111 mining method requires excavation of one mining roadway and setting one filling body to replace the coal pillar while maintaining another mining roadway to mine one working face.However,because the stress transfer structure of roadway and working face roof has not changed,the problem of stress concentration in the surrounding rocks of roadway has not been well solved.To solve the above problems,the conventional concept utilizing high-strength support to resist the mining pressure for the 121 and 111 mining methods should be updated.The idea is to utilize mining pressure and expansion characteristics of the collapsed rock mass in the goaf to automatically form roadways,avoiding roadway excavation and waste of coal pillar.Based on the basic principles of mining rock mechanics,the“equilibrium mining”theory and the“short cantilever beam”mechanical model are proposed.Key technologies,such as roof directional presplitting technology,negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)high-prestress constant-resistance support technology,and gangue blocking support technology,are developed following the“equilibrium mining”theory.Accordingly,the 110 and N00 mining methods of an automatically formed roadway(AFR)by roof cutting and pressure releasing without pillars are proposed.The mining methods have been applied to a large number of coal mines with different overburdens,coal seam thicknesses,roof types and gases in China,realizing the integrated mode of coal mining and roadway retaining.On this basis,in view of the complex geological conditions and intelligent mining demand of coal mines,an intelligent and unmanned development direction of the“equilibrium mining”method is prospected. 相似文献
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在初次接触这片废旧的工厂时,对它的整体印象是怎样的?
iD Town项目的场地是位于深圳大鹏旅游新区的葵涌乡建于20世纪80年代中的鸿华印染厂.整个厂区占地8公顷,藏身于深圳东海岸山峦的谷地之中,群山环绕之间层层叠叠、整整齐齐的标准化厂房蔚为壮观.虽然已是一处被时代遗忘的角落,但当年的宏伟与辉煌仍清晰可见.坚固的钢筋混泥土结构加上荒弃之后锈迹斑驳的墙身,厂区俨然成为一个没落的工业"卫城".我们的设计也就开始于这"卫城"的"遗址"之中. 相似文献
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针对堆土加卸载与基坑开挖叠加效应导致既有地铁隧道变形较大的问题,建立考虑加卸载叠加效应影响的三维空间分析模型,研究不同堆土加卸载叠加基坑开挖卸载模式对邻近地铁隧道变形规律的影响,探讨隧道在堆土加载、移土卸载再叠加基坑开挖下的变形规律。结果表明:正上方堆土加卸载对隧道的竖向位移影响较大,是侧向堆土加卸载的3倍~5倍; 在经历堆土加卸载后,隧道会残留不可忽视的变形,其残留竖向位移约为加载后位移的62%; 堆土加卸载叠加侧方基坑开挖时,隧道变形受基坑开挖深度的影响较大,大于隧道埋深的开挖阶段会加剧隧道变形; 4种叠加模式中,正上方堆土加卸载-侧方基坑开挖卸载隧道最终竖向位移最大,约17 mm,侧方堆土加卸载-异侧基坑开挖卸载隧道最终水平位移最大,约8 mm,邻近隧道施工时应充分考虑叠加效应的影响,尽量避免这两种情况。 相似文献
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为改进钢筋骨架质量自动检查方法,提出了基于点云的钢筋骨架中钢筋数量和钢筋间距的自动检查算法。该算法在获取钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云的基础上,首先对这两片点云分别进行降采样,以得到空间密集程度相同的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云; 其次,对降采样后的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云使用基于主成分分析(PCA)的方法进行粗配准。由于粗配准后的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云的配准精度较低,无法直接用于钢筋数量和钢筋间距的检查,对粗配准后的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云进行精配准。最后,基于精配准得到的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云,依次对钢筋骨架中的钢筋数量和钢筋间距进行检查。结果表明:精配准后的钢筋骨架实际点云和设计点云的配准精度较高,可以用于钢筋数量和钢筋间距的检查; 该算法对钢筋数量检查的准确率为100%,对钢筋间距检查的准确率为80%; 应用该算法可以有效提高复杂钢筋骨架中钢筋数量和钢筋间距检查的效率,降低人工成本。 相似文献
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Harald Budelmann Alexander Holst Hans‐Joachim Wichmann 《Beton- und Stahlbetonbau》2009,104(6):330-339
Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed. 相似文献
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秦淑玲 《建筑科学与工程学报》1993,(2)
建筑是一部人类文明史,建筑装饰艺术是其中最精美的语言,它记载着科学技术的发展和文化艺术的进步,它描绘出风土人情与时代风尚。本文主要论述了建筑外形式装饰艺术的涵义及设计要点,对建筑装饰艺术的形态构成、造型与装饰、装饰的视觉效应以及建筑外形式装饰艺术的个性和设计中应注意处理好的关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
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为增强装配式建筑产业链供应链自主可控力,保障装配式建筑产业链供应链安全稳定,采用文献梳理与实际调研结合法,贯穿全生命周期时空链,阐释装配式建筑产业企业链、供应链与价值链内涵及相互关系,进而构建装配式建筑产业链供应链自主可控力评价体系,采用COWA-DEMATEL法分析其自主可控力影响因素的综合中心度及其原因、结果效用,并从科技自主性、组织安全性与产业脆弱性3个方面提出了改善建议。结果表明:装配式建筑企业链属结构单元层面,价值链属结构目标层面,供应链属结构运行层面,三者存在相互作用、相互依存关系; 核心技术水平、外部环境波动、信息可控能力、合作协同程度、组织应急能力对装配式建筑产业链供应链自主可控力提升具有重要影响作用; 外部环境波动、资金自主水平、人员综合素质为影响装配式建筑产业链供应链自主可控力水平的主要原因因素,而产品安全水平为影响装配式建筑产业链供应链自主可控力水平的主要结果因素。 相似文献
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为分析不同规范中混凝土梁桥竖向温度梯度模式的差异,评估竖向温度梯度效应对混凝土梁桥的影响程度,总结了不同国家和行业规范中混凝土梁桥的竖向温度梯度模式,从梯度曲线形式和温度基数取值两方面讨论了效应计算结果的差异。选取了20多座不同结构体系、跨径和截面形式的混凝土梁桥,计算了在包括桥梁变形和截面应力在内的2种典型的竖向正温度梯度作用下的各项效应,与自重和汽车作用产生的效应作了对比。结果表明:不同规范的竖向温度梯度模式在梯度曲线形式和温度基数取值方面存在显著差异,它们对温度效应计算结果具有同等程度的影响; 顶部温差的影响深度越大,桥梁的变形和次生弯矩越大,考虑底部升温段时截面下缘有更大的自压应力; 不同的铺装层类型和气候条件造成桥梁温度基数取值存在差异,进而导致温度效应可能相差1.5倍~2.0倍; 相同结构体系和截面形式的中小跨混凝土梁桥随着跨径增大,自重效应占比增加,汽车和温度效应占比减小,但是温度和汽车效应的相对比例基本保持不变; 结构体系和跨径相同时,T梁的温度效应占比要比空心板和小箱梁高出0.6%~16.5%; 温度效应在一些效应类型中占有很大比例,温度作用引起的中小跨简支梁桥的变形和截面上缘应力能与自重和汽车效应相近,引起的中小跨连续梁桥的截面上缘应力能超过自重和汽车效应甚至两者总和,墩顶截面下缘应力能与自重和汽车效应相当,引起的大跨径连续箱梁桥截面上缘应力能超过汽车效应的数倍; 若考虑铺装层类型和气候条件的影响,在温度基数取值较大的梁桥上,温度效应占比可能更高。 相似文献
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The paper considers methods of procurement for the construction of water- and sewage-treatment works other than the traditional use of the ICE 5th Edition Conditions of Contract and Bills of Quantities. This is as a consequence of the speed at which schemes are currently required within the water industry.
The paper particularly focuses on the use of target contracts, using the Institution of Chemical Engineers'Green Book form, and considers various types of target. It also discusses the form which tender documents may take, and how targets may be calculated.
Tendering procedures, including the use of two-stage tenders and negotiated targets, are considered, as are the procedures for cost monitoring and the financial management of the contract. Finally, the role of the engineer and quantity surveyor is considered. 相似文献
The paper particularly focuses on the use of target contracts, using the Institution of Chemical Engineers'Green Book form, and considers various types of target. It also discusses the form which tender documents may take, and how targets may be calculated.
Tendering procedures, including the use of two-stage tenders and negotiated targets, are considered, as are the procedures for cost monitoring and the financial management of the contract. Finally, the role of the engineer and quantity surveyor is considered. 相似文献
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John Aitchison 《Landscape Research》1996,21(1):89-97
This paper considers the nature and significance of town and village greens within the landscape of England and Wales. It reflects on problems of definition and on the limited availability of data concerning the origins and geographical distribution of greens. The paper draws attention to the registration of greens following the Commons Registration Act 1965, and summarizes information collated from the registers subsequently prepared by local authorities. Details of numbers of greens and their spatial density at county level are presented, and reference is also made to rights of common on greens, and to the ownership of the greens themselves. 相似文献
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K. N. Remani E. Nirmala S. R. Nair 《The International journal of environmental studies》2013,70(4):285-295
One of the striking features of Kerala state is the continuous chain of lagoons or backwaters existing along the coastal region. The backwaters support rich and diverse life forms and provide crucial nurseries for shrimps and fishes as well as habitat for oysters, clams and mussels which later enrich the ocean and make Kerala the principal exporter of marine products amongst the states of India. The shallow fringes of the backwaters and the channels drawn from them are used for retting of coconut husk. It adversely affects the productivity of the backwaters and is harmful to marine fisheries. The retting of coconut husks in backwaters is brought about by the pectinolytic activity of micro organisms especially bacteria fungi and yeasts degrading the fibre binding materials of the husk and liberating large quantities of organic matter and chemicals into the environment, including pectin, pentosan, tannins, polyphenols, etc. Consequently hydrogen sulphide, phosphate and nitrate contents increase while dissolved oxygen and community diversity of plankton decrease in the ambient waters during the retting process. The present study is to evaluate pollution due to coir retting activity and its influence on quality of water and estuarine flora and fauna. 相似文献