Early hydration of composite cement with thermal activated coal gangue

Composite cement samples were prepared by mixing clinker, gypsum with burnt coal gangues which was calcined at various temperatures. The mechanical strength and Ca(OH)₂ content in the cement paste were tested, and the paste composition and microstructure were analyzed by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and pore structure analysis. Results demonstrate that the thermal activated coal gangue could accelerate the early hydration of cement clinker obviously, which promotes the gangue hydration itself. The early hydrated products of the cement are C-S-H gel, Ca(OH)₂ and AFt. The cement with 30% (in mass) the gangue exhibits higher mechanical strength, and among all the cement samples the one with the gangue burnt at 700 °C displays the highest hydration rate, mechanical strength, the most gel pores and the lowest total porosity.     

稀土尾矿对水泥熟料性能的影响

试验选用云南楚雄州某地稀土尾矿,以稀土尾矿部分取代黏土原料进行水泥熟料煅烧试验。试验结果表明:掺入稀土尾矿及铅锌矿烧成熟料中的f-CaO含量明显减少,生料的易烧性提高;其3 d、7 d和28 d抗压强度均有不同程度的提高;水泥熟料中的C3S、C3A和C4AF含量有所增加,对水泥熟料的烧成起到促进作用,有利于水泥熟料矿物的形成,尤其是熟料中的C3S增加明显。     

Early Hydration of Composite Cement with Thermal Activated Coal Gangue

Composite cement samples were prepared by mixing clinker, gypsum with burnt coal gangues which was calcined at various temperatures. The mechanical strength and Ca(OH)2 content in the cement paste were tested, and the paste composition and microstructure were analyzed by thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and pore structure analysis. Results demonstrate that the thermal activated coal gangue could accelerate the early hydrati...     

Effects of clinker contents of different C3A and C4AF on the performance of PSC cement

Phosphogypsum-slag-clink (PSC) cement were prepared by original phosphogypsum(PG), which was grinded after dried at 60 °C combined with different contents of phosphogypsum (15%, 20%, 30%), and a small amount of different C₃A, C₄AF contents of finely ground cement clinker, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Physical mechanical and sugaring properties were studied. The results show that compressive strength of PSC cement with 20% phosphogypsum at 3 d ages would be higher than 17 MPa and even 50 MPa at 28 days. Compressive strength at longer curing stage and sugaring properties of PSC with lower content of C₃A higher C₄AF clinker were improved. pH value of PSC cement system at early stage was relatively low, and pH gradually increased with the addition of clinker. pH increased firstly and then decreased with the hydration stage. SEM analyses showed that the amount of ettringite, which was influenced by pH and content of Al, must be controlled in PSC cement system, which may cause damage to microstructure or even expansive cracks if large amount of ettringite formed in hardened paste.     

TiO2对高C3S熟料烧成的影响

通过外掺TiO₂来改善高C₃S熟料的烧成.配制7个生料样品,其潜在矿物组成均为w(C₃S)=75%、w(C₃A)=7%、w(C4AF)=18%,TiO₂掺量分别为0、05%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%,在设定的高温下煅烧成熟料,通过化学分析、XRD、SEM/EDS等方法,研究了TiO₂对熟料易烧性、矿相形成、C₃S晶体形貌和熟料强度等的影响.结果表明,掺入少量TiO₂明显提高了熟料的易烧性;当TiO₂掺量小于2%时,f-CaO随TiO₂掺量的增加而显著降低;当TiO2掺量超过2%后,f-CaO随TiO₂掺量的变化不大;当TiO₂掺量达到3%时,在1 350和1 400 ℃温度煅烧的熟料中均发现了CaO·TiO₂新相;掺2%TiO2在1 400℃煅烧条件下的熟料,TiO₂在C₃S中的固溶量约1.7%;掺入适量的TiO₂,熟料中C₃S结晶比较完整、均匀,熟料强度较高.适当掺入TiO₂对改善高C₃S熟料的烧成和提高其强度都是有利的.     

Composition Design for High C3S Cement Clinker and Its Mineral Formation

A new composition of Portland cement clinker was studied, in which KH, SM and IM was 0.98,2.4 and 2.4 respectively as well as its meal added 1%CuO （in mass）. Fired at 1 200℃,1 350℃,1 400℃ and 1 450℃ for 30 min, the resultant mineral phases component and mineral morphology were analyzed. The performances of the cement which was made of clinker burned at 1 450℃ and fly ash were determined. By means of QXRD, XRD and optical microscopy, it is shown that the clinker burnt at 1 450℃ has the larger size crystals and distinct crystal interface, in which the C3S content is 73.37% and the mineral phases is dominantly C3S, following by minor C2S, C3A and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. The results reveal that a new type of high C3S content clinker can completely be made by traditional temperature-time schedule. The performances of the cement produced from this clinker with addtion of 50% fly ash and 5% gupsum were in agreement with the 32.5 strength grade of Portland fly-ash cement. The results also show that the clinker has a significant effect of saving energy and utilizing waste slag.     

Long-term Performance of Moderate Heat Portland Cement with Double-expansive Sources

The long-term performance of moderate heat Portland cement with double-expansive sources （DE cement） in the system of high MgO clinker and gypsum was studied by XRD, SEM/EDAX and test methods for strength and expansion of cement. Results indicate that the periclase particle, whose size was 5-7.5μm in DE cement clinker containing 4.8 % MgO, existed individually. The periclase hydration in hardened DE cement paste started at about 60 days and completed up to 2 000 days, and ettringite in the paste was stable from 3 days to 2 000 days. Under the conditions of 4.5%-5.0 % MgO in clinker and 2.8%-3.4 %SO3 in cement, ettringite expansion and brucite expansion in DE cement paste had a continuity, entirety and stability. At the ages of 90, 365,730 and 2 000 days the expansion of the paste reached 0.07%-0.11%, 0.16%-0.21%, 0.21%-0.27 %, and 0.29%-0.38%, respectively. The results suggest that by using this cement in mass concrete it may compensate its temperature shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage to some extent.     

Effect of solid solution modification on structure and properties of dicalcium silicate

In the paper, dicalcium silicate （C2 S） was modified to obtain higher performance, and the solutionizing pattern of BaSO4 in cement clinker was analyzed theoretically. According to experimental results, solutionizing of BaSO4in cement clinker improved crystal plane distance of C2S as well as the relations of coordination. The performance tests show that the strength of C2 S modified by BaSO4 changes and the reactivity of C2 S increases significantly.     

煤中灰分在水泥熟料烧成中的作用及其机理

通过在水泥生料中掺加不同品质高灰分煤的煤灰,研究了灰分及其组分在硅酸盐水泥熟料液相变化、矿物形成及微观结构中的作用及机理。结果表明,灰分含量的升高是降低液相初析温度的主要原因。随着灰分含量的升高,熟料中间相中Al和Fe的含量增加,尤其固溶的Si明显增多,造成液相粘度增加,阻碍C3S形成。同时,造成熟料矿物分布的均匀性更差,熔蚀现象更多。     

煅烧煤矸石用作水泥高活性混合材的研究

将经煅烧等过程进行活化处理的煤矸石细粉与磨至一定比表面积的水泥熟料及天然生石膏混合均匀,制成了活化煤矸石粉掺量比例不同的多组混合水泥,并对其胶砂强度性能、标准稠度用水量、胶砂流动度进行了实验检测.同时,还应用SEM对混合水泥硬化浆体的微观结构进行了观察.结果表明,掺入经活化处理的煤矸石粉配制的混合水泥具有较好的强度性能;随掺量增加,水泥浆体的流变性能变差,但对凝结时间并无明显影响.     

A New Kind of Eco-Cement Made of Cement Kiln Dust and Granular Blast Furnace Slag

1 IntroductionThe kiln dust is the solid waste collected fromce-ment kilns .Its chemical composition is similar to that ofcement raw meal , but the potassuim,sodium, chlorineand sulfur content and the lime saturation coefficient aremuch higherthanthose of the cement rawmeal[1].Ontheother hand,the binding water of it is relatively lowandthere are some clinker minerals . Generally,cement kilndust can be classifiedintotwo categories .One isthe dustfromdry process rotary kilns (without preheater …     

Properties of Steel Slag and Stainless Steel Slag as Cement Replacement Materials: A Comparative Study

To enhance the understanding about the utilization of steel slags as a cementitious material, we comparatively studied the chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of two types of steel slag; basicoxygen-furnace carbon slag(BOF C) and electric-arc-furnace stainless steel slag(EAF S). Moreover, we studied the standard consistency, setting time and the effect of the slag replacement ratios on the fluidity and compressive strength of blended cement mortar. The experimental results showed that BOF C had higher alkalinity, higher pH value and more hydraulic phases than EAF S. Both types of slag showed water reduction effect due to its high fineness. Neat BOF C paste showed flash set and acceleration in the initial setting time of blended cement especially at high slag proportions. However, EAF S prolonged the setting time of blended cement even at low slag proportions. The pH values for blended cement contained 50% BOF C or EAF S were lower than those of pure cement paste. Despite of slag type, compressive strength gradually decreased with increasing slags content. The strength of BOF C mortar was higher than that of EAF S mortar with the same replacement ratio for the same age. Slag activity index demonstrated that BOF C and EAF S conformed to the Chinese National Standard(GB/T 20491-2006) requirements for steel slag as grade one and grade two, respectively.     

Influence of New Compound Admixture on Shotcrete Performance

To analyze the influence of new compound admixture on shotcrete performance, the ordinary Portland cement pr425 was used as matrix components. The optimum proportion of admixture was obtained by analyzing the influence of content on cement setting time and compressive strength. The microstructure of cement test block and the mechanism of reducing dust of composite macromolecule admixture were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that the ratio of polyacrylic acid was 0.02%. The ratio of J85 accelerator was 5%. The ratio of bentonite was 4.5% in composite admixture. The most optimal content of admixture in the slurry was 7%. The compound coagulant formed by additive together with C_3 A, C_4 AF which provided nucleation for hydration and crystallization of C_3S and C_3S, and played an active role to promote the activity of the mineral admixture in cement, and increased the elastic modulus of C-S-H gel and accelerated the hydration process of portland cement. Bentonite and polyacrylic acid promote the wettability, cohesiveness and workability of cement paste in the process of hydration. The formation of cement test block gel was even. The interface between the matrix phase and the aggregate phase was not obvious which ensured the matching between the matrix and the aggregate phase. The addition of bentonite formed hydrogen bonds in cement paste and improved the cohesiveness of the system. The J-85 accelerator promoted the combination of aluminate and gypsum which hindered the formation of calcium carbide around the cement particles which made cement rapid condensation. Polyacrylic acid mainly changed the strength of hydroxyl absorption peak in cement paste to improve the initial strength of cement test block. The addition of new admixtures promoted the process of cement hydration to be more thorough and affected the later strength development of concrete by affecting the formation of calcium carbonate stone.     

废弃混凝土高温处理技术与脱水水泥浆再水化活性研究

建筑物在建设和拆除过程中产生大量的固体废弃物,其中大部分是废弃的混凝土和砂浆.为了使废弃混凝土和砂浆中的骨料和水泥重新得以应用.本研究对废弃混凝土和砂浆进行了高温处理,合理的高温处理温度为750℃经过高温处理后,可以实现骨料与水泥浆的分离.经过分离的骨料可以在新拌混凝土中重新应用,而脱水水泥浆经充分磨细后又重新具有了反应活性.把脱水水泥浆与水泥熟料或硅酸盐水泥复合,可以得到一种新型的水硬性胶凝材料.这种胶凝材料可以满足较低强度通用硅酸盐水泥的要求.由此建筑物建设和拆除过程中所形成的废弃混凝土和砂浆可以全部回收并重新利用.对减小资源消耗、节能减排有重要意义.     

利用污水厂污泥配料煅烧水泥熟料研究

通过生料易烧性试验、水泥熟料矿物岩相分析、XRD、SEM、水泥胶砂强度试验等，对利用污水厂污泥代替部分粘土配料煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料的过程，并对制备熟料的微观特征进行了研究。结果表明：污水厂污泥代替部分粘土烧制的水泥熟料，其矿物结构与常规的硅酸盐水泥熟料完全相同，且由污泥配料煅烧的熟料烧成温度有降低的趋势；其水泥水化和凝结、硬化过程与常规硅酸盐水泥完全相同；其水化产物结构与常规硅酸盐水泥完全相同；水泥胶砂强度达到50．0MPa。     

Influence of CG With High Content of Metallic Particles as a Cement Admixture on Cement Strength

1　IntroductionCopperresidueisanindustrialby productdis chargedbycopperrefineries ,butitusuallycontainssomeusefulmetals .Forexamplecopperresiduecontains 4 %to5 %copper ,1.0 1g tgold ,2 4g tsilverand 4 2 %magne tite ,alltheseexceedthecontentforacomprehensiveutili zation .Inordertoextracttheseusefulmetals ,thecoolingtechnologyofremovingresidueisintroducedbyslowlycooling (4 8h)sothatsomemetallicionsgrow .Afteronemoreflotationforcopperandmagneticbyextractionofiron ,thedischargedresidueiscalledcopp…     

ICP-AES法快速测定水泥熟料中SO3的含量

利用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定水泥熟料中SO3的含量，并对选择样品元素分析线及共存元素的干扰进行了研究，测定结果由ICP-AES光谱测定仪直接给出，解决了用BaSO4重量法测定水泥熟料中SO3的含量分析过程中操作复杂、繁琐等一系列的问题。该方法的特点是：操作简便、分析速度快、分析结果准确而有效。     

贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥熟料的配料计算

根据贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥的矿物组成及工艺控制要求,设定其熟料矿物由硅酸二钙（C2S）、硫铝酸钙（C4A3S—）和铁铝酸四钙（C4AF）组成,根据推导出的公式计算熟料的化学组成,然后由质量守恒原则列出方程组,求解并计算生料的配料组成。实例验证结果表明,本方法可行。     

煤矸石代替黏土生产水泥可行性分析

为了研究煤矸石代黏土生产水泥的可行性,对10个省份28个矿点进行取样,开展煤矸石特性分析.分析结果表明,煤矸石具有高灰分、高硫分和低热值等特点,化学成分与黏土相近,还含有较丰富的微量元素和矿物组成.对煤矸石、中钙石灰石和硫酸渣等配料进行煅烧试验,试验表明,煤矸石在煅烧时,微量元素和矿物释放其储存的地质能量,加速促进硅氧键的断裂,比黏土配料更早生成硅酸三钙、硅酸二钙和铝酸三钙等水泥熟料矿物.煅烧过程中放出的二氧化硫与钙铝氧化物反应形成早强硫铝酸盐水泥熟料矿物,从而减少硫化物对环境的污染.     

Effect of Minor Elements on Silicate Cement Clinker

The effect of rare-earth and HX addition agent on the burn-ability of silicate cement dinker was investigated by orthogonal experiment. The result shows, compared with blank sample, f CaO of the .samples added with rare-earth and HX agent drops by 84.95% , its 3 d and 28d compressive strength enhances by 24.40% and 16.90% , respectively. It was discovered by means of X-ray diffrnction and high temperature microscope analysis that sintering temperature of the sample added with rare-earth and HX addition agent is about 1320℃. At the same time, the tmrning temperature of triealeium silicate desends and its crystal growth forming- rate increases. Tricalcium silicate content in burning clinker is higher and its crystal is larger.