分散荧光染料色浆的制备及稳定性能

以苯并吡喃类分散荧光染料和萘磺酸类阴离子分散剂为原料,通过湿磨法制备分散荧光染料色浆,并研究其色浆稳定性能,以制备荧光喷墨印花墨水。结果表明,随研磨时间延长,4种分散荧光染料色浆的粒径和荧光强度均有所降低。分散荧光桃红BG色浆离心50 min后的比吸光度仍达到78.1%,离心稳定性较好。在55℃条件下放置5 d后分散荧光染料色浆的粒径有所增加,其中分散荧光桃红BG染料色浆粒径的增加率仅为7.5%,染料色浆热稳定性能较好;加热处理过后分散荧光染料色浆的荧光强度有所降低。综合比较,分散荧光桃红BG染料色浆的稳定性能良好,更加适用于喷墨印花墨水的配制。     

高原格桑花染料敏化剂稳定性研究

本文从生长在青藏高原的格桑花中提取天然色素,采用溶剂萃取和柱色谱法将格桑花色素分为A、B、C和D四种组分.研究了格桑花色素各组分的光、热性能,并组装了DSC.研究发现D组分色素光、热性能良好,主要成分为花色苷,其组装的DSC的光电转换效率为分离前色素组装的DSC的光电转换效率的2.03倍.     

Optimization and modeling of UV-TiO2 mediated photocatalytic degradation of golden yellow dye through response surface methodology

In this article, heterogeneous photocatalysis of golden yellow (GY) dye by Evonik p25 titanium dioxide (PTD) and UV radiations was optimized by using central composite design of response surface methodology. The GY dye photocatalysis was expressed as the function of amount of PTD loading (X₁), GY dye initial concentration (X₂), and UV irradiance intensity (X₃). The optimization of degradation conditions was done by measuring two different responses, that is, color removal (Y₁) and chemical oxygen demand removal (Y₂). The effect of X₁, X₂, and X₃ were studied in the range 0.5–1.5?g/L, 15–35?W/m², and 10–30?mg/L, respectively. The quadratic model was suggested for Y₁ and Y₂. The numerical optimization of results was done via Design Expert software. The predictive results obtained were verified by performing actual experiments. The photodegradation kinetics, total organic carbon disappearance, effect of inorganic salts, and H₂O₂ concentration on GY dye photodegradation were also studied.     

高分子分散剂在抗静电涂料中的应用研究

研究了分散剂种类及其用量对自制抗静电涂料的粘度、分散稳定性及涂层电阻的影响,确定了合适的分散剂及其最佳用量。     

新型复合混凝剂在染料废水处理中的应用

染料废水由于色度高、水质变化大、生化性差等特点,是当前工业废水处理的难点和焦点之一,混凝法是处理染料废水的主要方法之一。本实验采用矿渣、盐酸和硫酸铁、氧化铝研制了一种新型复合混凝剂,以此来处理直接耐晒大红染料废水。采用单因素法分别通过改变废水pH值,混凝的时间以及混凝剂的投加量来观察混凝剂对废水的处理效果。实验结果表明,随着pH值、混凝剂投加量和反应时间的增加,COD及色度都呈现先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势：当pH值=11时,色度去除率达最大值84.0%,COD去除率达76.1%;当投加量为0.7g时,色度去除率达最大为88.1%,COD去除率为73.2%;当混凝时间为3min时,色度去除率最大为89.3%,COD去除率达76.2%。综上,此混凝剂的最佳反应条件为投加量0.7g,pH值11,混凝时间3min。该新型复合混凝剂处理染料废水效果好,产生的絮体大,沉降速度快,出水清澈透明。     

分散剂在白色底漆体系的分散稳定性探讨

用沉降方法分析了白色底漆体系的分散稳定性,同时用流变学方法对该体系的分散稳定性进行进一步的评估。结果表明,添加适量ZJ-211分散剂使白色底漆体系的分散稳定性变好。其流动行为趋近宾汉流体。     

Multifactorial Approach to Biosurfactant Production by Adaptive Strain Candida tropicalis MTCC 230 in the Presence of Hydrocarbons

In this study, Candida tropicalis MTCC 230 was used to adapted in hydrocarbon along with glucose for biosurfactant production, showing diauxic growth during the production. Biosurfactant was characterized through TLC and FTIR analysis as surfactin, a lipopeptide. Process parameters were optimized one factor at a time, showing the highest emulsification index (%E₂₄) at 54 %. The production of biosurfactant was enhanced by using biostatistically based experimental design with the interactive effect of different parameters. On the basis of Placket–Burman design, four factors, hydrocarbon, ammonium chloride, microelements and temperature are found to be significant (P < 0.05) for the production of biosurfactant. A second order polynomial regression model in central composite design estimated the maximum biosurfactant production in terms of the emulsification index (%E₂₄). The optimum combination of different parameters for the biosurfactant production, obtained for hydrocarbon, ammonium chloride, microelements and temperature are 81.41 %, 1.63 (g/l), 1.69 (g/l) and 35.25 °C, respectively. The biosurfactant production was increased twofold after optimization and selection of interactive parameters by response surface methodology.     

Biodiesel from canola oil using a 1 : 1 molar mixture of methanol and ethanol

Canola oil was transesterified using a 1 : 1 molar mixture of methanol and ethanol (M/E) with potassium hydroxide (KOH) catalyst. The effects of catalyst concentration (0.5–1.5 wt‐%), molar ratio of M/E to canola oil (3 : 1 to 20 : 1) and reaction temperature (25–75 °C) on the percentage yield measured after 2.5 and 5.0 min were optimized using a central composite design. A maximum percentage yield of 98% was obtained for a catalyst concentration of 1.1 wt‐% and an M/E to canola oil molar ratio of 20 : 1 at 25 °C at 2.5 min, whereas a maximum percentage yield of 99% was obtained for a catalyst concentration of 1.15 wt‐% and all molar ratios of reactants at 25 °C at 5 min. Statistical analysis demonstrated that increasing catalyst concentration and molar ratio of reactants resulted in curvilinear and linear trends in percentage yield, both at 2.5 and 5 min. However, reaction temperature, which affected the percentage yield at 2.5 min linearly, was insignificant at 5 min. The resultant mixed methyl/ethyl canola esters exhibited enhanced low‐temperature performance and lubricity properties in comparison to neat canola oil methyl esters and also satisfied ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards with respect to oxidation stability, kinematic viscosity, and acid value.     

分散剂对氧化物陶瓷微粉悬浮液稳定性的影晌

本文利用Zeta电位测定结果和沉降实验结果,讨论了氧化物陶瓷微粉悬浮液的稳定性能。得出的结论是调节介质的pH值,使颗粒间处于较高的静电效应,在此条件下加入高分子表面活性剂,使颗粒间又具有空间位阻效应,这种静电位阻效应可阻止颗粒间的团聚,使悬浮液处于高度的均匀分散状态。     

喷墨印花用液态活性染料稳定性研究

通过对液态染料溶解性、稳定性、耐水解程度等的测试,综合考察了添加剂的种类及用量对高浓度液态活性艳蓝P-3R性能的影响,结果表明:在所考察的四种有机共溶剂中,N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)的效果最好,且其最佳用量为10%;缓冲溶液中Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4的效果较好,最佳用量为3%.     

Production of 8-Hydroxygenistein through Biotransformation by Using Aspergillus oryzae

8-Hydroxygenistein is one of the orthohydroxygenisteins, which are derivatives of genistein. Although 8-hydroxygenistein is generally produced through the biotransformation of soya isoflavones by using specific microorganisms, the yield of produced 8-hydroxygenistein is low. In this study, we optimized the cultivation medium for 8-hydroxygenistein production. The results of the central composite design indicated that the optimal nutrient concentrations were 35 g/L of glucose, 22 g/L of malt extract, and 4.75 g/L of soya peptone. The maximum product concentration of 8-hydroxygenistein obtained was 77.76 mg/L. Based on literature review, this concentration of 8-hydroxygenistein is the highest yet reported. The effects of operating conditions on the concentration of 8-hydroxygenistein were also determined using a fermenter. After investigating the effects of the agitation speed and aeration rate, a final product concentration of 83.01 mg/L was obtained. Thus, large-scale biotransformation of genistein to 8-hydroxygenistein can be performed using Aspergillus oryzae.     

含有生物质固体颗粒进料时的扩张床稳定性评价

针对扩张床吸附进料中含有较高浓度的生物质固体颗粒的特殊性,选择特殊离子(Li+和 Br-)作为停留时间分布(RTD)示踪物,系统考察了离子选择性电极的工作范围、响应时间、流速、生物质固体颗粒浓度的影响,证明了离子选择性电极的可用性。通过优化脉冲离子浓度和脉冲量,确定了合适的脉冲条件为 0.1mol?L?1和 0.5mL。以面包酵母为模型生物质、基因重组大肠杆菌匀浆液为实际对象,进行了含有固体颗粒进料时的 RTD 测定,考察不同生物质固体颗粒浓度和扩张床吸附剂的影响,不仅证实了所建立方法的可行性,而且是一种真实操作条件下扩张床稳定性评价的有效手段。     

Crystallization Kinetics of Coconut Oil in the Presence of Sorbitan Esters with Different Fatty Acid Moieties

Sorbitan esters (SEs) are shown to strongly influence the solidification kinetics and fat crystal morphology, but not polymorphic behaviour, of coconut oil (CNO). Solid‐state SEs (sorbitan monopalmitate, monostearate, and tristearate) affect both the high‐ and low‐melting fractions of CNO by decreasing induction time and by increasing crystallization rate as well as the number concentration of crystals. Liquid‐state SEs (sorbitan monoleate and trioleate) and canola oil do not specifically influence the high‐ or low‐melting fraction of CNO but do slow crystallization and lengthen induction time. The influence of sorbitan monolaurate, the only SE with an acyl group similar to that of CNO, is shown to depend on the crystallization temperature. At temperatures below its melting point, it only affects CNO's high‐melting fraction; at temperatures above its melting point, crystallization of both fractions is extensively decelerated. The lack of influence in polymorphic behaviour by any SE confirms no alteration of subcell arrangement, suggesting a lack of complementarity with the crystallizing fat. Overall, these SEs significantly impact the crystallization kinetics of CNO; however, this largely depends on type and concentration.     

Effect of Impeller Blade Height on the Drop Size Distribution in Agitated Dispersions

A common method to achieve a contact of two liquid phases – required for many chemical engineering operations – is the dispersion of one into the other by mechanical agitation. The drop size distribution in such an agitated dispersion is a result of the dynamic equilibrium existing between the breaking and coalescing drops. A comparison has been made of drop diameters produced by four disk type impellers differing only in blade height (D_W = 1, 2, 4 and 6 cm). Measurements in situ at 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 rpm and at holdup fractions 0.02, 0.05, and 0.07, showed that the Sauter mean drop diameters increased up to 140 % as the impeller blade height decreased from 6 to 1 cm. Plots of ln α₃₂ vs. ln N, lnα₃₂ vs. ln D_T and ln α₃₂ vs. ln α_max gave straight lines.     

表面活性剂复配物在提高C.I.分散蓝79高温分散稳定性中的作用

本文采用激光粒度仪LS3320测定分散染料C．I．分散蓝79高温处理后的平均粒径变化以衡量染浴中高温分散稳定性。实验结果证明:分散剂MF和木质素磺酸盐在提高其高温分散稳定性上具有协同作用。阴／阴或阴／非离子表面活性剂复配物的使用可以改善C．I．分散蓝79高温稳定性,浊点较低的非离子表面活性剂用量较高,会对提高分散染料的稳定性有负面影响。     

染料中含氯苯酚的测定

本文介绍了染料产品中含氯苯酚的定量测定方法.采用乙酸酐乙酰化衍生的方法处理染料产品中的2,3,5,6-四氯苯酚和五氯苯酚,用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱进行分离,气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行定性分析,外标法定量.对方法的准确度、精密度进行了测定.本方法对目标化合物的检测限可达到0.1 mg/kg,回收率在90％～100％之间.     

没食子酰微晶纤维素酯的制备及稳定性研究

阐述了没食子酰微晶纤维素酯抗氧化剂的制备方法。采用醋酐作为没食子酸的乙酰化试剂,用SOCl2作为酰氯化试剂,制得三乙酰基没食子酰氯;在催化剂的作用下,与微晶纤维素进行酯化反应,制得三乙酰基没食子酰纤维素。最后除去乙酰基即得没食子酰微晶纤维素酯。产物有清除烷基自由基、羟基自由基及超氧阴离子自由基的能力,其DPPH·清除率达到80％以上。分别考察了高温、紫外线照射及不同pH值等因素对DPPH·清除率的影响。结果表明,产物在40℃以下、pH为3．0-9．0时DPPH·的清除率比较稳定,且紫外线照射对产物的DPPH·清除率影响不大。     

Optimization of Osmo-convective Dehydration Process for the Development of Honey-ginger Candy Using Response Surface Methodology

Osmotic dehydration of ginger with honey is an interesting alternative for the development of confectionary-based functional food with extended shelf life. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of process variables on solid gain, water loss, and overall acceptability of honey-ginger candy. The process variables included blanching time (6–10 min), osmotic solution temperature (30–50°C), immersion time (90–150 min), and convective drying temperature (50–70°C). The honey to ginger ratio was 4:1 (w/w) during all the experiments. Ginger cubes were blanched before osmotic dehydration to increase the permeability of the outer cellular layer of tissue. After osmotic concentration of ginger with honey, convective dehydration was done to final moisture content of 3–5% (w.b.) to make it a shelf-stable product. Finally, osmo-convectively dried ginger was coated with sucrose for candy preparation. The optimum osmo-convective process conditions for maximum solid gain, water loss, and overall acceptability of honey-ginger candy were 7.07 min blanching time, 50°C solution temperature, 150 min immersion time, and 60°C convective drying temperature.     

Effects of Changing the Amount of Oxidizing Agents on the Structural Properties of Graphene Oxide and its Dispersion Stability in an Aqueous Medium

We prepared graphene oxide (GO) using the Staudenmaier preparation procedure. The amount of oxidizing agents was varied to obtain a different amount of oxygen functionality on the GO surface. The difference in the amount of oxidizing agents during preparation produced GO samples with the interlayer distance 8.7?Å and 11.7?Å. The interlayer distance increased due to the heavily functionalized GO surface. The products were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction, and zeta potential measurements. We determined that increasing the oxidizing agents could have a profound effect in rapidly driving the reaction to completion by increasing the rate of reaction. The prepared GO samples exhibited differing degrees of thermal decomposition behavior. Since the number of oxygen functional groups on the GO surface is directly linked to the hydrophilic properties of the GO, it could be successfully tuned by introducing changes in the amount of reactants. This technique directly influenced the GO’s aqueous dispersion behavior. This work explores the ways to have better control over the extent of oxygen functionalization in the GO surface. GO with a greater amount of oxygen functionality can be useful in the synthesis of composite materials, and it can also potentially enhance the electronic storage capabilities in capacitors for energy storage, as well as other applications.     

Preparation of a CaO Nanocatalyst and Its Application for Biodiesel Production Using Butea monosperma Oil: An Optimization Study

CaO nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized through solution combustion using crude glycerin (biodiesel by‐product) as the combustion fuel. The synthesized CaO NP were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO₂‐TPD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The CaO NP were successfully used as a catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal conditions for biodiesel production from Butea monosperma oil (BMO) using central composite design. A total of 20 experiments were designed and conducted to study the effects of the methanol to BMO molar ratio, reaction time, and catalyst loading conditions on the biodiesel yield. A yield of 96.2% of Butea monosperma methyl ester (BMME or biodiesel) was obtained under optimum conditions, namely a molar ratio (methanol to BMO) of 9:1, a reaction time of 70 min, a catalyst loading of 1.60 wt%, a constant temperature of 65 °C, and an agitation speed of 600 rpm. The fatty‐acid composition of BMO was characterized through gas chromatography. Finally, BMME was characterized using FTIR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR, and the fuel properties of BMME were determined using the test methods of the American Society for Testing and Materials.