几种中药浸提物的抗氧化活性研究

研究了山楂、白蒺藜及枸杞乙醇和水浸提物在卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)过氧体系中的抗氧化活性,并比较了几种浸提物对OH·自由基和O·-自由基的清除能力,结果表明:3种中药在PUFA体系具有不同的抗氧化能力;山楂和白蒺藜具有一定的清除OH·的能力;3种中药均具有较强的清除O·-的能力。     

石榴籽多酚体外抗氧化活性的研究

通过测定石榴籽多酚的还原力,·OH、H2O2、NO2、O2·自由基的清除及其抗氧化活性,为石榴籽多酚的开发利用提供依据。在实验浓度范围内,多酚提取物对·OH、H2O2、NO2。和O2·的清除率分别高达83．93％、29．73％和89．66％和88．17％,并且清除能力随多酚浓度的增加而增强,其清除率与多酚的浓度间有一定的量效关系,说明多酚物质对自由基有较强的清除作用;添加抗氧化剂的试验组POV值均明显低于空白对照组的POV值,说明石榴籽多酚具有对菜籽油的抗氧化作用。     

茉莉花丙酮提取物的体外抗氧化作用研究

研究了茉莉花丙酮提取物的体外抗氧化活性及清除自由基的能力,通过测定其在Fe~(3+)氧化体系的抗氧化能力以及用Marklund法和邻二氮菲-Fe~(2+)氧化法测定其对O_2~-·和羟自由基及DPPH的清除能力。结果表明茉莉花丙酮提取物对Fe~(3+)氧化体系有较强的抗氧化性能,并具有一定的清除O_2~-·、·OH和DPPH·自由基的能力。     

光皮木瓜汁体外抗氧化活性研究

采用体外抗氧化实验评价光皮木瓜汁的抗氧化活性,并对总酚和VC含量与抗氧化能力的相关性进行分析。结果显示：光皮木瓜汁有较强的清除自由基能力,稀释10倍的果汁清除ABTS+ ·、DPPH自由基、羟自由基( ·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)的IC50分别为0.0043、0.021、0.22、0.39mL,且对DPPH自由基、ABTS+ ·的清除效果明显高于O2－ ·和 ·OH,同时可显著抑制Fe2+诱发的卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化,具有较高的还原能力。光皮木瓜汁清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+ ·和抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化的能力与总酚含量之间的相关性均高于其与VC含量之间的相关性。     

石榴不同部位提取物抗油脂氧化及抑菌活性的比较

为比较石榴果皮、石榴叶、石榴籽和石榴花(花瓣、花蕊和花托)等部位提取物的抗氧化活性,利用Schall烘箱法,以猪油和大豆油为底物通过测定POV和MDA含量来评价提取物的抗氧化效果,同时利用清除DPPH·法测定了其清除自由基的能力;比较了提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用.结果表明:除石榴籽外,石榴果皮、石榴叶、石榴花等部位的提取物具有很强的清除DPpH·自由基能力、抗油脂氧化的能力和较强的抑菌活性,其中石榴皮的抗氧化能力和抑菌活性最强,石榴籽最差,花瓣、花蕊和花托三者基本相当,石榴叶较差.多酚含量与各种活性之间具有显著的相关性,说明多酚是主要的活性物质.     

青钱柳提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

研究青钱柳不同溶剂提取物的体外抗氧化活性。测定了青钱柳不同溶剂提取物对DPPH自由基的清除作用,用化学发光法测定对超氧阴离子自由基(O·2)和羟自由基(·OH)的清除能力,并用烘箱储藏法测定对油脂的抗氧化活性。实验结果表明,醇提物具有较强的清除自由基能力和抗油脂氧化活性。     

猕猴桃籽油的体外抗氧化活性

以猕猴桃籽油为原料,采用体外抗氧化实验模型研究其抗氧化活性。通过测定猕猴桃籽油还原力和DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)、H2O2以及羟自由基(·OH)清除实验,以VC为阳性对照,探讨猕猴桃籽油的抗氧化性能。结果表明:猕猴桃籽油的还原能力随其质量浓度的增加而增强,对DPPH自由基、O2-·、H2O2以及·OH的清除率随质量浓度的增加而升高,其中对O2-·的清除效果比VC更明显,对其他自由基的清除效果却比VC弱;猕猴桃籽油对O2-·、H2O2、·OH的IC50分别为0.078、0.1、0.2mg/mL,表明猕猴桃籽油清除O2-·的效果最好。     

黑莓果渣不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

黑莓果渣经不同溶剂(水、pH3水、60%乙醇、80%乙醇、95%乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯)在室温下振摇提取,得到黑莓果渣不同溶剂提取物。分别采用总抗氧化能力测定体系、DPPH·(1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼)自由基体系、羟基自由基体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系,对黑莓果渣不同溶剂提取物总抗氧化能力、清除DPPH·、O2-·和·OH的活性进行测定,并与VC进行比较。结果表明,黑莓果渣不同溶剂提取物均有不同程度抗氧化能力;酸性溶剂提取效果优于非酸性溶剂;60%乙醇为最佳的提取溶剂,其提取物总抗氧化能力、清除DPPH·和O2-·活性均弱于VC,而清除·OH活性较强且高于VC。     

栽培菊苣籽总黄酮的细胞毒性及清除羟自由基活性成分的识别

采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide,MTT)法评价栽培菊苣籽总黄酮对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的毒性。从总抗氧化能力、清除2,2’-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐自由基(2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt cation radical,ABTS+·)能力、清除O_2~-·能力以及抑制Fe~(2+)诱发的卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化能力4个方面评价栽培菊苣籽总黄酮的抗氧化活性,并与常见的抗氧化剂VC和叔丁基对苯二酚(tertbutylhydroquinone,TBHQ)作比较。之后采用高效液相色谱(high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)法对栽培菊苣籽总黄酮中清除·OH的活性成分进行了识别。MTT实验结果显示,菊苣籽总黄酮质量浓度为1 mg/mL时,对RAW264.7细胞具有一定的毒性,而当其质量浓度适当减小后,则基本无毒性。抗氧化实验结果表明:栽培菊苣籽总黄酮的总抗氧化活性和清除ABTS~+·的能力弱于VC和TBHQ,但在低质量浓度时,其总抗氧化活性与TBHQ非常接近;在清除O_2~-·方面,活性由强到弱为VC菊苣籽总黄酮TBHQ;在抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化实验中,栽培菊苣籽总黄酮强于VC,但弱于TBHQ。HPLC法结果显示,绿原酸比洋蓟素具有更高的清除·OH的活性,且二者对·OH的清除率分别为66.42%和46.00%。     

化学发光法测定浮渣油脂类物质抗氧化活性

应用化学发光法测定甘蔗糖厂混合汁浮渣中油脂类提取物对羟基自由基(OH·)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除能力。实验结果显示,提取物清除羟基自由基的EC50为3.97μg/mL,清除超氧阴离子自由基的EC50为12.38μg/mL,表明该提取物具有较好的自由基清除能力及抗氧化活性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the