P（DMC-AM）高分子絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能

原文摘录：聚（甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化胺-丙烯酰胺）[P（DMC--AM）]是多功能,高活性的阳离子絮凝剂，也是高分离表面活性剂，具有缓蚀和杀菌功能。本文论述了高相对分子质量P（DMC—AM）絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能研究，讨论了多种因素对絮凝效果的影响。     

疏水改性阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成及其絮凝性能

以甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为原料,通过无皂乳液聚合制备了流动性好的疏水改性阳离子型高分子絮凝剂P(DMC-MMA),并考察了不同因素对P(DMC-MMA)除油效果的影响。结果表明:在单体总质量分数为30%、n(DMC)∶n(MMA)=7∶3、反应温度75℃、引发剂用量为0.5%、反应时间8 h条件下制备的P(DMC-MMA)具有良好的絮凝效果,最高除油率可达96%,且絮体不黏壁。     

阳离子高分子絮凝剂的制备及其影响因素的研究

介绍了采用氧化还原引发体系作为引发剂,用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）和丙烯酰胺（AM）水溶液共聚制备了阳离子高分子絮凝剂P（DMC—AM）。研究了单体浓度、引发剂量等因素对聚合物特性粘度的影响,并利用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征。     

半连续RAFT反相乳液共聚合制备星型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺

首次提出采用"臂先"方法的丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)及N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BisAM)的半连续RAFT反相乳液共聚合方法制备星型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(sCPAM),该聚合物具有阳离子链段集中在含超支化聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)核的臂末端的结构。通过控制AM和BisAM的加料以及AM与RAFT链转移剂的比例,合成了不同臂长、超支化PAM核及臂末端阳离子组成的sCPAM。研究表明在使用BisAM与AM和DMC摩尔比为2～5:1600的低二烯类单体用量条件下,高效制备了臂数为2.5～6.9、星型聚合物含量高达92.9%的sCPAM。TiO2浊液絮凝研究表明提高星型结构含量以及臂末端阳离子密度的sCPAM具有更好的絮凝效果,絮凝性能优于具有更高阳离子度与分子量的线性无规阳离子聚丙烯酰胺工业絮凝剂C535M。     

疏水改性阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能测试

以获得疏水作用力为目标,使用丙烯酸丁酯(BA)对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)进行改性,采用自由基胶束聚合法合成P(AM-DAC-BA)三元共聚物,以红外光谱进行结构表征,并考查了制备工艺条件对絮凝性能的影响.结果显示:疏水改性阳离子絮凝剂对高浊度污水具有更好的絮凝效果,疏水单体含量、阳离子含量均对絮凝效果影响较大;疏水单体配比为3 mol％,阳离子单体配比为20～25 mol％,絮凝剂用量为10.0 mg/L;污水pH值为8时,对30 wt％高岭土浊水的絮凝沉降率可达96.5％.     

P(DMC-AM)高分子絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能

论述了高相对分子质量阳离子聚(甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化胺-丙烯酰胺)〔P(DMC-AM)〕絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能研究,讨论了多种因素对絮凝效果的影响。当w(单体)=40%;m(DMC)∶m(AM)=3∶2;m(引发剂)∶m(AM)=0.09∶100时,得到的阳离子型P(DMC-AM)高分子絮凝剂对造纸污水及生活废水有明显的絮凝作用。P(DMC-AM)的最佳絮凝条件为:相对分子质量为430~460万,用量为1.1~1.3 mg/L,阳离子度为33%~38%,废水pH=3~7;在造纸污(废)水体系中,CODC r的去除率可达89%以上,透光率接近100%;采用电子扫描电镜观察絮凝物,结果发现,絮凝后的纤维间可形成多个物理吸附点,交叉网状结构明显,网络编织致密,说明桥联及电中和作用明显,絮凝效果优异。     

三元共聚阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)及二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,水溶性偶氮化合物为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了三元共聚阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂。考察了阳离子单体配比、单体质量分数、反应时间、引发剂用量及反应温度对聚合物相对分子质量的影响。结果表明,该三元共聚物的相对分子质量可达5.0×106,且水溶性好;对煤泥水具有良好的絮凝效果。     

响应面法优化疏水改性阳离子胶原蛋白絮凝剂的制备条件

以皮革废弃物提取的明胶为原料,丙烯酰胺（AM）、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为单体（AM：DAC：BA摩尔比为80:18:2）,叔丁基过氧化氢和焦亚硫酸钠为引发剂,接枝共聚合成疏水改性阳离子胶原蛋白絮凝剂P(C-AM-DAC-BA)。以絮凝剂对油田模拟废水浊度去除率为指标,探讨m（明胶）：m（单体）、引发剂用量、接枝温度、接枝时间对絮凝效果的影响,通过响应面法优化得到P(C-AM-DAC-BA)接枝共聚最佳条件：m（明胶）：m（单体）为1:2.04、引发剂用量0.032mol/L、接枝温度49.2℃、接枝时间2.8h。在此条件下,P(C-AM-DAC-BA)对油田模拟废水浊度去除率为91.5%。     

一种阳离子聚丙烯酰胺水处理剂的合成与评价

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为单体原料,采用(NH4)-2S208/NaHSO3和偶氮类化合物组成的复合引发体系,通过自由基水溶液聚合法合成阳离子聚丙烯酰胺P(DMC-AM).正交试验评价得出较佳的工艺条件是:AM/DMC质量配比为4∶3,单体浓度为35％,复合引发剂浓度为0.014％,pH值为4,反应温度为30℃.在上述条件下,产物的特性粘数为8.632dL g-1,阳离子度为20.09％;用红外光谱技术对产物结构进行了表征;在其加入量为8mg L-1的条件下处理硅藻土悬浮液,上层清液透光率接近100％;比较了P(DMC-AM)、无水AlCl3和二者联合处理生活污水的不同絮凝效果,实验表明:P(DMC-AM)的絮凝效果优于无水AlCl3絮凝剂,而二者联合处理的絮凝效果更佳.     

改性阳离子型淀粉絮凝剂的研究进展

主要从改性阳离子型淀粉絮凝剂的原料来源、改性机理、制备方法、絮凝机理、絮凝效果影响因素、阳离子淀粉评价指标等几个方面的研究进展进行综述。其中微波辐射辅助法制备效率高、产品质量稳定,发展前景广阔。简述了阳离子淀粉絮凝剂的主要絮凝原理。综合当前研究,分析了絮凝剂用量、温度、pH值等因素对絮凝效果的影响,提出阳离子度、取代度作为改性阳离子型淀粉絮凝剂的评价指标。指明了复合改性淀粉的合成是现阶段改性淀粉的研究方向和重点。     

CPAM的制备及其对环境激素DMP的去除

引言混凝沉降法作为提高水质处理效率的一种经济、简便的方法备受关注,而混凝处理过程中,混凝剂的种类、性质是混凝处理效果好坏的关键因素。其中有机高分子混凝剂更是成为近年来的研究热点[1-4]。聚丙烯酰胺作为一种高效的有机高分子混凝剂,具有正电荷密度高、相对分子质     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel terpolymer and the effect of its amphoteric property on the sludge flocculation

An amphoteric polymer, poly(acrylamide‐acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐propane sulfonate) (PADA) was developed for use as a sludge flocculant. It was synthesized in aqueous solution by ternary free radical copolymerization from acrylamide (AM), acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐propane sulfonate (AMPS) in redox/azo initiation. Single factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) were conducted to determine the optimum range of reaction variables and investigate their interactions affecting flocculation capacity of PADA. The minimum predicted response values of specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and content of water(CW) under the optimum conditions were 2.29 × 10¹³ m/kg and 77.65%, respectively. In order to observe structural characteristics of polymer, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used. Subsequently, the flocculation characteristics of PADA were proposed systemically by contrastive analysis of the polymer morphology, charge effects and floc characterization with control samples to indicate that amphoteric properties of PADA took positive effects on the sludge flocculation. Finally, treatment of sludge confirmed that PADA was a highly efficient flocculant, which was applicable to be used in a wider range conditions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:158–169, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

疏水缔合型两性聚丙烯酰胺增稠剂的制备及性能研究

以司班-80、OP-10为复配乳化体系,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(甲叉)为交联剂,丙烯酸十八酯(ODA)为长碳链疏水单体,用过硫酸钾引发丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)进行反相乳液聚合,制备了疏水缔合型两性增稠剂。探讨了增稠剂的交联结构、交联剂用量、长碳链疏水单体用量,DMC用量以及所得产品的耐盐性、流变性和耐稀释性。结果表明:当交联剂占单体量0.17%,长链疏水单体为0.6%,DMC为13.8%时,其综合增稠效果最佳。     

Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic comonomer in aqueous solution

Copolymer particles consisting of acrylamide (AM) and acryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (AODBAC) were prepared by dispersion polymerization in an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate and in the presence of poly(acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PAOTAC) as the stabilizer. The average particle size ranged from 4 to 7 μm, and M_w and M_n were 2–6 ×10⁶ g/mol and 1–3 × 10⁶ g/mol, respectively. The effects of the AM/AODBAC ratio, monomer, initiator, salt, and stabilizer concentration on the particle size and molecular weight were studied. Increase of the AODBAC/AM ratio resulted in a decrease in the molecular weight and an increase in particle size. With the increase of the AODABA/AM ratio, the dispersion became less stable during long storage. Due to the presence of the salt, ionization of the quaternary ammonium groups in the dispersed particles is considered significantly suppressed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1101–1108, 2003     

Studies of precipitated polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic comonomer in potassium citrate solution

Copolymer particles consisting of acrylamide (AM) and cationic comonomer 2‐methyl acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) were prepared by precipitation polymerization in an solution of potassium citrate using ammonium persulfate ((NH₄)₂S₂O₈) and sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) as an initiator. The product poly(acrylamide‐2‐methyl acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) [Poly(DMC‐AM)] is a water‐soluble cationic polyelectrolyte. The solubility of DMC, AM and Poly(DMC‐AM) in potassium citrate solution were measured, combined with the theory of solubility parameter, and the experiment results indicate that the solubility of DMC and AM is much higher than that of Poly(DMC‐AM), and also the mechanism of copolymer precipitated in salt solution was discussed. The factors influencing the conversion of comonomers were examined, such as salt mass fraction, polymerization temperature, monomers mass fraction, initiator mass fraction, and so on. The results of experiments indicate that the best conditions are salt mass fraction = 57%, monomers mass fraction = 3%, m(DMC) : m(AM) = 3 : 1, initiator mass fraction = 0.08%, polymerization temperature = 50°C, reaction time = 2 h, and the conversion is 86.4%. And the qualitative analysis experimental method for copolymer by infrared absorption spectrum show that [Poly(DMC‐AM)] was successfully synthesized by precipitation polymerization. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

淀粉-阳离子接枝共聚荧光乳液的制备及性能

以4,4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2'-二磺酸为母体、三聚氯氰为桥联剂,利用亲核取代法制备了具有紫外吸收性能的二苯乙烯型荧光单体(FBs),然后采用接枝共聚技术将FBs、苯乙烯分别与二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)或甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)接枝聚合在淀粉大分子上,制备两种阳离子荧光乳液(ST-DMDAAC-FBs,ST-DMC-FBs).采用1HNMR、FTIR、UV-Vis、荧光光谱对产物的结构及光学性能进行表征;通过抗张强度、接触角、紫外光老化实验、SEM等手段对施胶前后纸张的物理性能进行测试.结果表明,经ST-DMDAAC-FBs、ST-DMC-FBs施胶纸张的抗张强度相比空白纸张分别提高43.1％、39.7％,白度分别提高15.52％ISO、15.28％ISO,返黄值分别降低1.88、1.75.说明ST-DMDAAC-FBs、ST-DMC-FBs均可以提高纸张白度与强度、抑制纸张返黄,且ST-DMDAAC-FBs对纸张的作用效果更佳.     

淀粉-阳离子接枝共聚荧光乳液的制备及性能

利用亲核取代法制备含有紫外线吸收基团的二苯乙烯型荧光单体（FBs）,然后采用接枝共聚技术将FBs、苯乙烯分别与二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）接枝聚合在淀粉大分子上,制备两种阳离子荧光乳液（ST-DMDAAC-FBs / ST-DMC-FBs）。采用1H-NMR、FT-IR、UV-vis、荧光光谱对产物的结构及光学性能进行表征;通过抗张强度、接触角、紫外光老化试验、SEM等手段对施胶前后纸张的物理性能进行测试。结果表明,经ST-DMDAAC-FBs、ST-DMC-FBs施胶纸张的抗张强度相比空白纸张分别提高43.1%、39.7%,白度分别提高15.52 %ISO、15.28 %ISO,返黄值分别降低1.88、1.75。说明ST-DMDAAC-FBs、ST-DMC-FBs均可以提高纸张白度与强度、抑制纸张返黄,且ST-DMDAAC-FBs对纸张的作用效果更佳。     

污水处理用阳离子PAM的开发现状和前景

介绍了国内污水处理及污泥脱水用阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的生产情况及生产技术，罗列了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的制备方法，如非离子聚丙烯酰胺的曼尼希阳离子化法、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）和丙烯酰胺（AM）的共聚法、甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯氯甲烷盐（或丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯氯甲烷盐）与丙烯酰胺的共聚法等等。     

Water‐soluble copolymers. V. Synthesis of low molecular weight amphoteric polyacrylamide by foamed copolymerization

Amphoteric polyacrylamide of acrylamide, acryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride, sodium acrylate, and acrylic acid was synthesized by foamed copolymerization. The effects of monomer concentration and composition, initiator concentration and composition, sodium bicarbonate and stabilizer content on the polymer intrinsic viscosity and monomer conversion were examined. The monomer conversion increased with increasing initiator concentration, sodium bicarbonate and stabilizer content. The polymer intrinsic viscosity decreased with increasing initiator concentration. The structure and low molecular weight of the amphoteric polymer were identified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

无稳定剂体系下的双水相聚合相分离

以丙烯酰胺（AM）、季铵类阳离子甲基丙酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）和丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基苄基氯化铵（AODBAC）为单体，以2，2'-偶氮双[2-（5-甲基-2-咪唑啉-2-基）丙烷]二盐酸化物（VA044）为引发剂，在水溶液中进行无稳定剂体系下的双水相共聚。利用紫外分光光度仪在线观察体系的分相过程并测定体系的临界分相点。通过改进的溴化法测定临界转化率（X_c）。利用黏度法测定临界分子量（M_c）。并对各个因素对于X_c和M_c的影响进行研究。结果表明具有表面活性的阳离子单体AODBAC对体系的相分离具有较好的促进作用。引发剂的用量和AODBAC的摩尔分数（f_AODBAC）对于X_c的影响较小，反应温度升高会使X_c增大。总单体浓度和f_AM的升高会使X_c减小。引发剂用量的增加、反应温度和f_AODBAC的升高都会使M_c减小。f_AM和单体浓度的增加会使M_c显著增加。