保险柜使用应加强规范管理

近期，笔者随片区财务代表到基层加油站检查走访，发现一些加油站员工对保险柜的使用和管理不规范，钥匙保管的指定人员不统一，结果导致了资金短缺情况的发生。     

MTBE的使用现状和趋势

MTBE(甲基叔丁基醚)是提高含氧量的汽油辛烷值添加剂,美国因环保要求正在禁用之中,而亚洲地区使用MTBE仍在增多.评述了世界MTBE生产和禁用现状,MTBE替代措施(乙醇替代、间接烷基化、改产异辛烷等),进行分析并提出了建议.     

同唱一首歌

元旦前夜，烟台公司栖霞十八站站内灯光通明，趁进站车辆不多的空隙，员工们卸下一天工作的劳累，饶有兴致地练起了大合唱。原来，这天一早，加油站的老客户“金山弘肥料有限公司”经理特地给站上送来一张邀请卡，希望员工们能够参加他们公司的元旦联欢晚会。     

宝石花辉映珠江源——中国石油西南销售滇东北分公司创新发展纪实

以持续不断的改革提升企业核心竞争力，以紧扣实际的创新寻找营销突破点，加油站从零座到47座，终成为区外市场中夺目的亮点。     

震不垮的气脉流转——中国石油西南油气田抗震救灾纪实

500次阻断险情、无数次管网压力骤降聚升……中国石油西南油气田公司临危不乱，忠于职守，为抗震救灾提供了源源不断的“底气”支持。     

Flow Characteristics of Crude Oil with High Water Fraction during Non-heating Gathering and Transportation

In order to ensure the safety of the non-heating gathering and transportation processes for high water fraction crude oil,the effect of temperature,water fraction,and flow rate on the flow characteristics of crude oil with high water fraction was studied in a flow experimental system of the X Oilfield.Four distinct flow patterns were identified by the photographic and local sampling techniques.Especially,three new flow patterns were found to occur below the pour point of crude oil,including EW/O&W stratified flow with gel deposition,EW/O&W intermittent flow with gel deposition,and water single-phase flow with gel deposition.Moreover,two characteristic temperatures,at which the change rate of pressure drop had changed obviously,were found during the change of pressure drop.The characteristic temperature of the first congestion of gel deposition in the pipeline was determined to be the safe temperature for the non-heating gathering and transportation of high water cut crude oil,while the pressure drop reached the peak at this temperature.An empirical formula for the safe temperature was established for oil-water flow with high water fraction/low fluid production rate.The results can serve as a guide for the safe operation of the non-heating gathering and transportation of crude oil in high water fraction oilfields.     

田旭辉：奋飞的领头雁

走进中国石油甘肃销售兰州分公司慧达加油站，映入眼帘的是一串串令人惊叹的数字和耀眼的殊荣：销量连续六年超万吨，截至2007年10月底，零售量比上年同期增加747吨，增长8.91％“全国巾帼建功示范岗”、“甘肃省青年文明号”、“中油集团先进班组”、“中国石油百面红旗加油站”等锦标锦旗熠熠生辉。然而，这一切都与加油站经理田旭辉的凝聚效应、奉献精神是分不开的。     

新疆某气田地面防冻工艺优化研究

新疆某气田现有地面工艺流程采用注醇防冻和低温分离工艺脱除液烃,然后实现干气外输.但是现有工艺不能有效地防止水合物的形成,在生产中多次出现冻堵,因此,建议在集气站内增设一小型撬装TEG脱水装置,既可防止集气管线中凝析液体对管道的腐蚀,同时有效地防止水合物的生成,既满足了工艺需求,又节省了天然气处理加工成本.     

基于西门子PLC的司钻控制系统

分析了石油钻机控制系统的现状和发展,介绍了钻机PLC控制系统的软硬件设计、各种逻辑控制、实时检测和诊断、状态显示和故障处理等功能.阐述了以工业计算机IPC、PLC和人机界面(HMI)组成的核心控制系统.与传统的气动、液压控制系统相比较,基于PLC的司钻智能控制系统具有更高可靠性、先进性和适应性,系统容易操作、维护和扩展,易于适应野外油气田钻井作业的需要.     

惊心动魄十分钟

中国石化销售东北辽宁分公司腰堡服务区加油站位于沈四高速公路28公里处，扼守沈哈线要道，是沈阳北上第一个服务区加油站。腰堡加油站日销量达150吨，是销售东北辽宁分公司第一大站。不久前，他们扑灭一辆白酒货车上着起的大火。加油站的员工临危不惧，表现出强烈的责任感，既保住了车和货物，也保住了整个服务区。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.