主客体掺杂和空穴阻挡对蓝色磷光OLED发光性能的影响研究

以铱配合物蓝色磷光材料Firpic作为掺杂剂,制备了基于CBP为主体的蓝色有机电致发光器件,其结构为ITO/CuPc/FIrpic:CBP(x%)/BCP/Alq3/LiF/Al,其中x%为发光层主客体掺杂浓度.分别研究了主客体掺杂浓度和空穴阻挡层BCP的厚度对器件发光性能的影响,当掺杂浓度为8%时,主客体间的能量传转移最充分,器件的启亮电压为5V,器件在20V时的亮度为7122.25cd/m2.器件电致发光(EL)光谱出现明显的红移现象,为Alq3部分参与了发光,影响了发光的色纯度,改变BCP的厚度,可以调节载流子复合区域和器件发光的色度坐标,达到改善器件发光性能的目的.     

具有双掺杂发射层白光OLED器件结构的研究

白光有机电致发光器件是获得全色器件的基础。制备了一种具有双掺杂发射层的白光OLED器件，其结构为ITO／CuPc／NPB／ADN：TBP以ALQ：DCJTB／ALQ，Mg：Ag，将2，5，8，11-tetra-tertbutylperylen-e（TBPe）掺杂到蓝光主体材料ADN中作为蓝色发光层，4-（dicyanome-thylene）-2-t-butyl-6-（1，1,7，7tetramethyljul-olidyl-9-enyl）-4H-pyran（DCJTB）掺杂到AIQ中作为红色发光层，通过实验结果对比，研究了TBPe以及DCJTB的掺杂浓度对器件性能的影响，确定了当TBPe浓度为3％（质量分数），DCJTB浓度为1．8％（质量分数），时，获得的白光器件性能最优。     

基于N-苯基咔唑的红色有机电致发光材料

设计合成了一种N-苯基咔唑的衍生物:3-2-(3,3-二腈基亚甲基-5,5-二甲基-1-环己烯基)乙烯基-N-苯基-咔唑(PNCa-2CN).PNCa-2CN的甲醇溶液光致发光光谱和固体膜光致发光光谱峰值分别位于598nm和660nm.以PNCa-2CN作为红色发光材料掺杂在Alq3中,制备了结构为ITO/NPB/Alq3:PNCa-2CN(5%)/Alq3/Mg:Ag/Ag的具有较高发光效率的红色有机电致发光器件,器件的发光峰值为600nm,在外加20V直流电压时达到2372cd·m-2的发光亮度,100mA·cm-2和20mA·cm-2其亮度分别为323cd·m-2和64cd·m-2,器件最大流明效率达到1.3lm·W-1.     

以萘为π-中心的双芪类衍生物的电致发光特性研究

以自制的"D-π-D"对称型有机绿色发光分子1,4-双(4'-N,N-二甲基氨基苯乙烯基)萘(简称 BMABN)为发光层,在结构为ITO/NPB/BMABN/BCP/Mg∶Ag的器件中,研究了空穴阻挡层厚度对器件发光性能的影响.结果表明,空穴阻挡层的增厚使得器件的起亮电压有所增加,但器件的亮度、电流效率和稳定性显著增加.该器件在5V开启,18V电压下亮度和效率分别为2000cd/m2和0.4lm/W.     

硫杂芴-三苯胺树枝形分子的合成与电致发光特性研究

选择硫杂芴为π-中心、三苯胺为"枝",合成了新型硫杂芴-三苯胺树枝形分子-2,8-双-[4-三苯胺乙烯基-4',4"-二(三苯胺乙烯基)]硫杂芴(简称STG2),进行了核磁共振谱和质谱表征.以硫芴-三苯胺树枝形分子(简称ST-G2)为发光层,制备了结构为ITO/TCTA/ST-G2/BCP/Mg:Ag的3层发光器件,测试了器件的电致发光性能.该器件在6V开启,12V电压下亮度和效率接近1000cd/m2和0.21m/W.     

ZnS:Mn沉积温度对薄膜电致发光器件亮度的影响

采用丝网印刷技术,在Al2O3陶瓷基板上印刷、高温烧结内电极及绝缘层,制备出陶瓷厚膜基板,进而制备了新型厚膜电致发光显示器(TDEL).整个器件结构为陶瓷基板/内电极/厚膜绝缘层/发光层/薄膜绝缘层/ITO透明电极.研究不同基板沉积温度对发光层性能的影响,并对器件的亮度-电压、亮度-频率进行测量.结果显示较高的ZnS:Mn沉积温度明显提高了无机发光器件的发光亮度.其原因主要是由于高的沉积温度提高了ZnS:Mn的成膜质量,提高膜层微晶尺寸大小,从而发光亮度提高.但是我们发现温度继续提高的同时,器件发光亮度趋于饱和,分析原因是由于掺杂Mn浓度过高,影响了发光效果.     

能量过滤磁控溅射技术室温制备ITO膜的光电特性及其应用

利用在直流反应磁控溅射(DMS)技术基础上改进的能量过滤磁控溅射(EFMS)技术制备了ITO薄膜,并将其应用于顶发射有机电致发光器件(TOLED)的阳极。利用X射线衍射、原子力显微镜、椭圆偏振光谱仪和四探针方块电阻测试仪分析了薄膜的结构、表面形貌、光学和电学特性,利用自搭建的电压-电流密度-发光效率测试系统测量了TOLED器件的发光效率。结果表明,与DMS技术相比,EFMS技术可有效抑制对有机功能层的溅射损伤,制备的ITO薄膜表面更平整,晶粒尺寸更细小,而且具有优良的光学和电学性能(400~800 nm波长范围的平均透射率为87.1%;方块电阻低至4.56×10-4Ω·cm)。以该薄膜为阳极的TOLED器件的发光效率显著提高,在3.26 m A/cm2的电流密度下发光效率达到0.09 lm/W。     

聚单乙氧基萘乙炔（PEONV）的电致发光特性

用可溶性前聚物法制备了单乙氧基取代的聚1．4萘乙炔（PEONV）。并采用PEONV作为有源层制作了单层结构电致发光器件。该器件的阳极为ITO，阴极为Ca，器件在正向偏压4V时开始发光，发光谱峰值605nm。最高亮度为156cd／m2。发光峰与未取代的PNV器件相比没有明显变化。文章对此作出了初步解释。     

磁控溅射法制备TiO2空穴缓冲层的有机发光器件

采用磁控溅射方法在ITO表面制备了不同厚度的TiO2超薄膜用做有机发光二极管（OLEDs）的空穴缓冲层,使OLEDs（ITO／TiO2／TPD／Alq3／Al）的发光性能得到很大改善。研究TiO2缓冲层厚度对器件性能影响的结果表明,当TiO2缓冲层厚度为1nm,电流密度为100mA／cm^2时,器件的发光效率为2cd／A,比未加缓冲层器件的发光效率增加了近一倍。这是由于加入适当厚度的TiO2缓冲层限制了空穴的注入并且提高了空穴与电子注入之间的平衡。     

SiO2/CeF3复合薄膜的电致发光

采用真空电子束蒸发气相沉积技术在重掺杂n型硅衬底上制备了SiO₂/CeF₃复合薄膜电致发光器件。对器件中各膜层的微观结构和成分进行了表征,并研究了器件的电致发光特性。结果表明：器件在正反接时的电致发光光谱存在明显差异,相应的伏安特性曲线不对称。器件正接时,电致发光光谱在504 nm(绿光区)处和680 nm(红光区)处各出现一个发光峰;反接时,电致发光光谱除了在684 nm(红光区)处出现一个较弱的发光峰外,在434 nm处还出现了一个很强的蓝色发光峰。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from