基于图像处理技术的异形件几何尺寸测量及缺陷检测

异形件几何尺寸测量和缺陷检测在许多领域中都具有重要意义。由于异形件的形状复杂,传统的测量和检测方法往往难以满足精确度与效率的要求。而基于图像处理技术的方法可以通过对异形件的图像进行处理和分析,实现准确的尺寸测量和缺陷检测。文章将从图像处理技术概述、异形件几何尺寸测量方法、异形件缺陷检测技术等方面综述基于图像处理技术的异形件几何尺寸测量及缺陷检测的相关内容。     

基于单亲遗传算法的最优布局问题求解

在单亲遗传算法的基础上提出了一种最优布局问题的求解方法,它不要求初始群体的多样性,同时避免了早熟收敛.以常见的矩形件排样优化问题为例,说明了该方法的可行性和高效性.     

求解矩形件优化排样的自适应模拟退火遗传算法

矩形件优化排样是一个NPC问题,在工业界有着广泛的应用.针对该问题,提出一种自适应模拟退火遗传算法.采用一种基于环形交叉算子和环形变异算子的自适应遗传算法来自动调整交叉和变异概率;同时引入模拟退火算法对个体适应度大于平均适应度的个体进行退火处理.自适应模拟退火遗传算法充分发挥了自适应遗传算法与模拟退火算法各自的全局搜索能力与局部搜索能力.对比实验表明,该算法结合改进的最左最下布局算法解决矩形件优化排样问题更加有效.     

改进的蚂蚁算法在矩形优化排料中的应用

矩形件优化排料问题是一类具有NP完全难度的组合优化问题.将改进的蚂蚁算法应用到矩形件优化排料问题求解中,优化试验结果表明可获得比基本蚂蚁算法更好的效果,为矩形件优化排料这类NP完全问题提供了新的思路和方法.     

矩形件排样问题的遗传算法求解

本文研究了求解矩形件正交排样优化问题的遗传算法。同时，将矩形件正交排样问题转化为一个排列问题，提出了求一个排列所对应的排样图的下台阶算法（改进的ＢＬ算法）将下台阶算法与遗传算法相结合，用于矩形件排样问题的求解，给出了该算法的实现。用该算法对文献中的两个算例进行了求解，结果表明该算法获得了比ＢＬ算法更好的解，是一种较为行之有效的方法。     

二维优化排样方法及实现技术

在工业应用领域中存在大量的二维下料问题,其中应用最多的是矩形件下料问题.矩形件下料问题的关键是寻找二维平面的优化布局.针对工业生产中实际存在的问题与约束条件,给出了新的规则设计理论和数据模型,利用覆盖率和有效覆盖率的概念来控制余料合并操作的执行,运用布局规则、组合规则和切割规则给出了一种新的启发式算法.实验分析和工业应用证明,该启发式算法可以有效地提高板材的整体利用率,极大地减少了板材损耗.     

基于离散粒子群优化算法求解矩形件排样问题

改进了一种近似排样算法,并将改进的近似排样算法与离散粒子群优化算法结合求解矩形件排样问题.设计了应用离散粒子群优化算法求解矩形件排样问题的相关操作和定义,给出了离散粒子群优化算法求解矩形件排样问题的详细步骤,最后通过实验测试,验证了算法的有效性.     

基于两段排样方式的矩形件优化下料算法

针对矩形件下料问题,提出一种基于两段排样方式的优化下料算法。首先构造一 种约束排样算法,生成矩形件在板材上的两段排样方式。然后采用列生成算法依据矩形件剩余 需求量迭代调用上述约束排样算法生成一个虚拟下料方案,按照不产生多余矩形件原则选取虚 拟下料方案中的部分排样方式加入到实际下料方案中,更新矩形件剩余需求量;重复上述步骤 直到矩形件剩余需求量为零。采用文献中基准例题将该算法与2 种文献算法进行比较,数值实 验结果表明该算法下料利用率比2 种文献算法分别高1.61%和0.78%。     

矩形件排样优化的一种近似算法

本文对理论上属于ＮＰ－完备问题的二维矩形件优化排样问题，构造了一个效率高、速度快、可令人满意的一种近似算法，该算法的主要思想是在排样过程中根据一种局部最优原则不断地动态产生一些较小的矩形，然后对这些小矩形区域排样，同时也消去一些已排过的矩形区域，直至所有的矩形件被排完，根据本文算法我们开发了一个矩形件排样系统。     

基于模拟退火剩余矩形算法的矩形件排样

针对矩形件优化排样问题,讨论了用模拟退火算法结合剩余矩形法求解问题。首先阐述了矩形件排样问题的数学模型,然后给出了模拟退火剩余矩形算法求解问题的步骤和方法,最后用实例进行了算法验证。实例分析表明,采用模拟退火剩余矩形算法求解矩形件排样问题是适合的。     

基于两阶段的分段单一矩形优化排样

为有效解决分段单一矩形优化排样问题,给出一个求解分段单一矩形优化排样问题的两阶段方法。第一阶段完成标准子段最佳排样方式求解,并将二维排样问题转化为一维下料问题,第二阶段使用适合于一维下料问题求解的算法完成板材最佳排样方式求解。使用该方法开发了一个单一矩形优化排样系统,该系统既可以解决分段单一矩形排样问题也可以解决其他类型的单一矩形优化排样问题。企业应用实例表明该方法是求解分段单一矩形优化排样问题的一个较为有效的方法。     

RectEuler: Visualizing Intersecting Sets using Rectangles

Euler diagrams are a popular technique to visualize set-typed data. However, creating diagrams using simple shapes remains a challenging problem for many complex, real-life datasets. To solve this, we propose RectEuler: a flexible, fully-automatic method using rectangles to create Euler-like diagrams. We use an efficient mixed-integer optimization scheme to place set labels and element representatives (e.g., text or images) in conjunction with rectangles describing the sets. By defining appropriate constraints, we adhere to well-formedness properties and aesthetic considerations. If a dataset cannot be created within a reasonable time or at all, we iteratively split the diagram into multiple components until a drawable solution is found. Redundant encoding of the set membership using dots and set lines improves the readability of the diagram. Our web tool lets users see how the layout changes throughout the optimization process and provides interactive explanations. For evaluation, we perform quantitative and qualitative analysis across different datasets and compare our method to state-of-the-art Euler diagram generation methods.     

Interactive microcomputer graphic methods for smoothing craft layouts

Computer-aided layout planning has been under development since the early 1960s, and many layout programs are based on the powerful and well known program, CRAFT (Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique by Armour and Buffa 1963).

Unfortunately, the major drawback of these facilities layout programs is that they often create unrealistic and impractical designs since the resulting block layouts can have odd shapes. Most architectural building designs require that the rooms and departments be in the form of squares, rectangles or L-shapes. The traditional approach to rectifying this problem is to manually modify the block plans at the corresponding expense of time and effort.

This paper identifies the problems and proposes interactive graphic methods for smoothing CRAFT layouts. In addition, a new method for the assessment of layout efficiency is introduced to measure the quality of a layout before and after smoothing.     

An iterative merging algorithm for soft rectangle packing and its extension for application of fixed-outline floorplanning of soft modules

We address an important variant of the rectangle packing problem, the soft rectangle packing problem, and explore its problem extension for the fixed-outline floorplanning with soft modules. For the soft rectangle packing problem with zero deadspace, we present an iterative merging packing algorithm that merges all the rectangles into a final composite rectangle in a bottom-up order by iteratively merging two rectangles with the least areas into a composite rectangle, and then shapes and places each pair of sibling rectangles based on the dimensions and position of their composite rectangle in an up-bottom order. We prove that the proposed algorithm can guarantee feasible layout under some conditions, which are weaker as compared with a well-known zero-dead-space packing algorithm. We then provide a deadspace distribution strategy, which can systematically assign deadspace to modules, to extend the iterative merging packing algorithm to deal with soft packing problem with deadspace. For the fixed-outline floorplanning with soft modules problem, we propose an iterative merging packing based hierarchical partitioning algorithm, which adopts a general hierarchical partitioning framework as proposed in the popular PATOMA floorplanner. The framework uses a recursive bipartitioning method to partition the original problem into a set of subproblems, where each subproblem is a soft rectangle packing problem and how to solve the subproblem plays a key role in the final efficiency of the floorplanner. Different from the PATOMA that adopts the zero-dead-space packing algorithm, we adopt our proposed iterative merging packing algorithm for the subproblems. Experiments on the IBM-HB benchmarks show that the proposed packing algorithm is more effective than the zero-dead-space packing algorithm, and experiments on the GSRC benchmarks show that our floorplanning algorithm outperforms three state-of-the-art floorplanners PATOMA, DeFer and UFO, reducing wirelength by 0.2%, 4.0% and 2.3%, respectively.     

基于启发式动态分解算法的矩形件优化排样

针对二维矩形件优化排样问题,提出了一种启发式动态分解算法,其可扩展用于三维及多容器全局排样求解。根据排放矩形件对容器进行正交动态分解,计算放置耦合度选择最佳子容器,通过干涉关系实现所有容器状态更新,实现大规模复杂排样问题的快速高效求解。对国际上公认Bench-mark多个问题例的计算结果表明,所提算法与同类算法相比优势明显,布局利用率提高达9.4%,计算效率提升达95.7%,并且已在商业化排样软件AutoCUT中应用,应用前景良好。     

基于蚁群优化算法求解矩形件排样问题

布局问题来源于生产实际,优秀的布局可以提高原料利用率,降低成本,提高经济效益,对许多行业有重要意义。矩形件优化排样是一类具有NP完全难度的组合优化问题。人工蚁群算法是对蚂蚁群体行为的模拟抽象,该算法具有分布计算、信息正反馈和启发式搜索等特点。本文将蚁群算法和剩余矩形法结合用于解决矩形排样问题,首先用蚁群算法将矩形件排样问题转化为一个排列问题;然后通过剩余矩形排样算法排出每一个排列所对应的排样图;最后用算法对文献[9]中的两个算例进行了验证,表明了其有效性。     

一种快速的有约束矩形件优化排样模型

为了有效地解决有约束的矩形件优化排样问题,提出一种快速的求解算法;通过比较待排样矩形件的不同排样模式,选择最优排样方案。算法完全基于解析计算,虽不能寻找理论最优解,但相比于各种启发式算法大大提高了排样速度。实验结果表明,算法能够在较短的计算时间内获得满意的排样效果,是一种效率较高的有约束矩形件排样算法。     

A hybrid algorithm for the two-dimensional layout problem: the cases of regular and irregular shapes

The two-dimensional layout (TDL) optimization problem consists of finding the minimal length layout of a set of both regular and irregular two-dimensional shapes on a stock sheet of finite width but infinite length. The layout should not contain any overlap. In this paper, we solve the TDL problem by proposing two approximate algorithms. The first one is a new heuristic based on a constructive approach specifically designed for irregular shapes, but that works well with regular ones. The second is a hybrid method in which the constructive approach displays the layouts corresponding to the chromosomes yielded by the genetic algorithm. The resulting algorithm yields satisfactory results in relatively short computational times as shown by the extensive computational testing on problems from the literature.     

异型件排样系统的研究与开发

对于多种不规则零件的排样问题，任何算法都难以保证总能得到最优解。该文采用计算机图形学处理技术以及现代智能算法相结合的方式，按照图形预处理，自动排样、人工交互编辑3步有效地解决了不规则零件的排样问题，并开发了相应的排样软件。