PCBN刀具干湿切削加工淬硬钢时的磨损对比

本文研究了在一定切削参数下干、湿式切削加工淬硬钢时四种PCBN刀具的刀具寿命、磨损形式和磨损机理。通过扫描电子显微镜观察不同切削行程下刀尖形貌和刀具后刀面磨损量,并对刀具前后刀面进行能谱分析。结果表明湿式切削时的后刀面磨损量小于干式切削,说明刀具湿切比干切时具有较好的性能;PCBN刀具的磨损形式有前刀面磨损、后刀面磨损,其中前刀面磨损的表现形式为月牙洼磨损,磨损机理为机械磨损、氧化磨损和黏结剂磨损,而后刀面磨损机理有机械磨损、氧化磨损、黏结剂磨损和扩散磨损等;同时还发现CBN含量下降,刀具的后刀面磨损量也有下降趋势,即刀具的切削寿命有延长趋势。     

高速切削淬硬模具钢刀具磨损的对比实验研究

使用PCBN和陶瓷两种材质的刀具对淬硬模具钢Cr12MoV进行高速切削试验,深入研究了高速切削时的刀具寿命、刀具磨损形态和磨损原因,得出如下结论:相同的切削条件下,PCBN刀具寿命约为陶瓷刀具的2～3倍,当切削速度由153 m/min增大到241 m/min时,两种材质刀具寿命均下降50％以上;在相对低速下切削时,PCBN刀具和陶瓷刀具磨损形态主要为月牙洼和后刀面磨损,在相对高速下切削时,两种刀具均出现破损,破损形态主要包括崩刃和片状剥落等;PCBN刀具磨损原因主要为黏结磨损、氧化磨损和扩散磨损,陶瓷刀具的主要磨损原因有磨粒磨损、黏结磨损和扩散磨损;相同切削条件下,PCBN刀具抗磨粒磨损的能力好于陶瓷刀具,而陶瓷刀具的抗氧化性能要好于PCBN刀具;切削速度对刀具磨损原因有重要影响,随着切削速度的增大,磨粒磨损程度和黏结磨损程度均减弱.     

PCBN刀具切削镍基合金时的氧化与扩散磨损分析

通过切削试验研究PCBN刀具切削镍基合金的磨损机理,结合物质吉布斯自由能函数法分析了刀具前、后刀面氧化磨损的反应发生机理的差异性,得出发生氧化磨损的主要氧化反应方程式;并运用热力学溶解理论模型计算氮化硼在镍基合金不同元素中的溶解度,得出前、后刀面扩散磨损过程发生机理的差异性。结果表明:刀具的前、后刀面都发生严重的氧化磨损和扩散磨损,元素的扩散溶解加剧了扩散磨损的发生。      

碳纤维/树脂基复合材料高速铣削的刀具磨损机理

采用涂层(Ti CN,Ti Al N)与无涂层超细晶粒硬质合金立铣刀对碳纤维/树脂基复合材料进行高速铣削试验,研究了刀具后刀面磨损带扩展及刀具磨损规律,并探讨了切削力、毛刺随着刀具磨损的变化趋势,观察了刀具的微观磨损形貌,分析了刀具的磨损机理。结果表明:在相同的切削条件下,无涂层刀具的后刀面磨损量及切削力最大,毛刺扩展严重,后刀面主要发生磨粒磨损,由于黏着磨损和氧化磨损对切削刃的弱化作用,主切削刃发生了微崩刃;Ti CN涂层刀具后刀面主要发生磨粒磨损,并伴随有黏着磨损和轻微的氧化磨损,失效形式为剥落和微崩刃;Ti Al N涂层刀具的后刀面磨损量及切削力最小,毛刺扩展缓慢,更适合碳纤维复合材料的加工。其后刀面主要发生了磨粒磨损,其失效形式为剥落。     

PVD-TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具高速干车削TC4合金磨损演变机理

以难切削材料TC4合金的加工刀具为研究对象,采用PVD-TiAlN硬质合金涂层刀具进行高速干车削试验,研究刀具在切削中不同磨损阶段的磨损形式演变以及磨损机理。研究表明:涂层刀具主要的失效拐点在稳定磨损阶段后期。在高速车削不同刀具磨损阶段,随切削时间的增加,刀具前刀面主要磨损形式由月牙洼逐渐变为积屑瘤、崩刃以及涂层剥落,主要磨损机理为粘结磨损、氧化磨损;刀具后刀面的磨损形式由切屑与氧化物的粘结逐渐变为积屑瘤、崩刃、沟痕、涂层剥落以及高温烧蚀,主要的磨损机理为氧化磨损、粘结磨损以及磨粒磨损。     

TiN涂层刀具切削淬硬H13钢切削性能试验研究

为研究TiN涂层刀具切削淬硬H13钢的切削性能,进行了TiN涂层刀具车削加工淬硬H13钢试验。分析了切削用量与切削力、切削温度的关系及涂层刀具磨损机制。研究得出切削速度、切削深度、进给量都对主切削力Fz和切深抗力Fx影响较大,对切削进给抗力Fy影响相对较小;切削速度对切削温度的影响最大;对刀具磨损观察发现刀具的前刀面有明显的月牙洼磨损,刀尖部位出现了微崩刃现象,后刀面出现磨粒磨损。研究结果为生产加工中优化切削用量及提高刀具寿命提供了技术支持和试验依据。     

超声振动干式车削钨基合金刀具磨损行为研究

采用超声振动干式车削方法对钨基合金材料进行了切削加工试验,对比了涂层刀具及H13A刀具材料振动车削钨基合金的刀具磨损情况,并在优选刀具材料的基础上研究了切削参数、振动参数对加工尺寸精度的影响程度。实验结果表明,涂层刀具在振动车削方式下,刀尖迅速磨损,H13A刀具则表现出较佳的切削性能。H13A刀具的磨损形态主要为前刀面月牙洼磨损、粘结磨损和扩散磨损,并以正常磨损方式失效。涂层刀具则以刀尖的崩刃方式失效。     

后角对纳米TiN改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了用纳米TiN改性的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具。研究了后角对刀具使用寿命及前、后刀面磨损的影响。结果表明,后角为6°的刀具使用寿命最长,后角大于8°的刀具因崩刃而失效,这主要是由于切削刃强度降低和散热条件恶化所致。增大后角会使后刀面的边界磨损加剧,而过大的后角则使前刀面磨损加剧。纳米TiN改性Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具的后刀面磨损是磨粒磨损、氧化磨损、扩散磨损和黏着磨损共同作用的结果。     

车削钢用新牌号GC4215

瑞典山特维克可乐满公司推出一种用于车削钢的刀具新材料——GC4215,其适用范围超过P10—P20适用的钢材切削加工范围,是钢材连续切削加工的首选刀具材料,其特点为：①采用Al2O3,厚涂层,大幅提高了高温耐久性能和前刀面抗月牙洼磨损性能;②采用了抗剥落性能、抗崩刃性能和抗前刀面磨损性能优异的“黑金涂层”,减小了涂层的拉应力,使刀片前刀面实现了平滑化;     

高速车削AISI 12L14易切削钢的刀具磨损机制研究北大核心

采用无涂层刀具和CVD涂层刀具对易切钢AISI 12L14进行高速车削加工,研究刀具在车削AISI 12L14时的刀具耐用度和刀具磨损机制。结果表明:CVD涂层刀具在高速车削时能在刀具表面形成良好的硫化物固体润滑带,而无涂层刀具则不能;CVD涂层前刀面主要发生粘结磨损,后刀面则为磨粒磨损。无涂层刀具在车削时,其前、后刀面磨损较厉害,其主要磨损形式为月牙洼磨损、氧化磨损和粘结磨损。     

Wear behavior of Al2O3/Ti(C,N)/SiC new ceramic tool material when machining tool steel and cast iron

Design, fabrication and application of ceramic cutting tools are one of the important research topics in the field of metal cutting and advanced ceramic materials. In the present study, wear resistance of an advanced Al₂O₃/Ti(C,N)/SiC multiphase composite ceramic tool material have been studied when dry machining hardened tool steel and cast iron under different cutting conditions. Microstructures of the worn materials were observed with scanning electronic microscope to help analyze wear mechanisms. It is shown that when machining hardened tool steel at low speed wear mode of the kind of ceramic tool material is mainly flank wear with slight crater wear. The adhesion between tool and work piece is relatively weak. With the increase of cutting speed, cutting temperature increases consequently. As a result, the adhesion is intensified both in the crater area and flank face. The ceramic tool material has good wear resistance when machining grey cast iron with uniform flank wear. Wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear at low cutting speed, while adhesion is intensified in the wear area at high cutting speed. Wear modes are dominantly rake face wear and flank wear in this case.     

Tool wear and machining performance of cBN–TiN coated carbide inserts and PCBN compact inserts in turning AISI 4340 hardened steel

PCBN is the dominant tool material for hard turning applications due to its high hardness, high wear resistance, and high thermal stability. However, the inflexibility of fabricating PCBN inserts with complex tool geometries and the prohibitive cost of PCBN inserts are some of the concerns in furthering the implementation of CBN based materials for hard turning. In this paper, we present the results of a thorough investigation of cBN plus TiN (cBN–TiN) composite-coated, commercial grade, carbide inserts (CNMA 432, WC–Co (6% Co)) for hard turning applications in an effort to address these concerns. The effect of cutting speed and feed rate on tool wear (tool life), surface roughness, and cutting forces of the cBN–TiN coated carbide inserts was experimented and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique, and the cutting conditions for their maximum tool life were evaluated. The tool wear, surface roughness, and cutting forces of the cBN–TiN coated and commercially available PCBN tipped inserts were compared under similar cutting conditions. Both flank wear and crater wear were observed. The flank wear is mainly due to abrasive actions of the martensite present in the hardened AISI 4340 alloy. The crater wear of the cBN–TiN coated inserts is less than that of the PCBN inserts because of the lubricity of TiN capping layer on the cBN–TiN coating. The coated CNMA 432 inserts produce a good surface finish (<1.6 μm) and yield a tool life of about 18 min per cutting edge. In addition, cost analysis based on total machining cost per part was performed for the comparison of the economic viability between the cBN–TiN coated and PCBN inserts.     

PCD刀具高速干式切削铜合金的磨损研究

使用PCD刀具对锡青铜合金材料进行高速干式切削试验,分别采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）对刀具的磨损形貌进行观察和磨损区域化学成分进行分析,并以此研究了PCD刀具的磨损机理。结果表明:在高速干式切削条件下,PCD刀具主要表现为前刀面的片状剥落和后刀面的轻微破损;同时还伴随着机械应力和热应力冲击下的脆性破损,出现崩刃、切削刃整体断裂以及前后刀面的大面积剥落。刀具磨损的主要原因是高温作用下的氧化磨损和扩散磨损。      

PCBN刀具高速切削淬硬钢材料的研究

以PCBN复合片为刀具材料进行相关力学性能分析,并将其制成SNGN120408型刀具后在刀具机床上进行淬硬钢切削试验.分析结果表明:PCBN复合片的结合剂主要为TiN和TiB2,其内部结构均匀,且有良好的致密性.切削试验表明:在干式切削淬硬钢的试验中,切削进给量以及切削速度对PCBN刀具的磨损有较为明显的影响.相比于切...     

Failure mechanisms of TiB2 particle and SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3 ceramic cutting tools when machining nickel-based alloys

In this paper, Al₂O₃/TiB₂/SiC_w ceramic cutting tools with different volume fraction of TiB₂ particles and SiC whiskers were produced by hot pressing. The fundamental properties of these composite tool materials were examined. Machining tests with these ceramic tools were carried out on the Inconel718 nickel-based alloys. The tool wear rates and the cutting temperature were measured. The failure mechanisms of these ceramic tools were investigated and correlated to their mechanical properties. Results showed that the fracture toughness and hardness of the composite tool materials continuously increased with increasing SiC whisker content up to 30 vol.%. The relative density decreased with increasing SiC whisker content, the trend of the flexural strength being the same as that of the relative density. Cutting speeds were found to have a profound effect on the wear behaviors of these ceramic tools. The ceramic tools exhibited relative small flank and crater wear at cutting speed lower than 100 m/min, within further increasing of the cutting speed the flank and crater wear increased greatly. Cutting speeds less than 100 m/min were proved to be the best range for this kind of ceramic tool when machining Inconel718 nickel-based alloys. The composite tool materials with higher SiC whisker content showed more wear resistance. Abrasive wear was found to be the predominant flank wear mechanism. While the mechanisms responsible for the crater wear were determined to be adhesion and diffusion due to the high cutting temperature.     

Effect of chamfer angle on wear of PCBN cutting tool

In precision hard turning, a remaining problem is to minimise tool wear to maintain the accuracy of geometry and surface finish. Tool wear not only directly reduces the part geometry accuracy but also increases cutting forces drastically. The change in the cutting forces also causes instability in the tool motion, which results in more inaccuracy. PCBN cutting tools are often used in hard turning. However, they are still relatively expensive compared to ordinary carbide cutting tools. In order to attain sufficiently high production rates at minimum cost, increase of knowledge on cutting tool geometry is necessary. This article presents a study of the effect of chamfer angle on tool wear of PCBN cutting tool in the super finishing hard turning. The correlation between cutting force, tool wear and tool life were investigated. The optimised chamfer angle for PCBN cutting tool is suggested. Finally, the distribution of stresses and maximum principal stress working on the tool edge were calculated with the use of finite element method.     

PCBN超硬刀具研究与进展

现代刀具切削速度的不断提高和先进的集成制造系统的发展对现代刀具的性能提出了更高的要求,刀具材料质量、性能和可靠性直接影响生产效率和加工质量,也直接影响整个制造行业的生产技术水平和经济效益,所以开发高稳定性和良好耐磨性的超硬刀具是当今的发展趋势。本文介绍了超硬材料PCBN超硬刀具的国内外发展概况和刀具性能应用,PCBN超硬刀具材料的制备方法及刀具制造过程,PCBN超硬刀具的断屑槽、修光刃结构以及新型PCBN超硬刀具,刀具车削仿真的相关研究等;并对PCBN超硬刀具及整个刀具行业的前景进行展望。      

Influence of the direction and flow rate of the cutting fluid on tool life in turning process of AISI 1045 steel

High-pressure coolant (HPC) delivery is an emerging technology that delivers a high-pressure fluid to the tool and machined material. The high fluid pressure allows a better penetration of the fluid into the tool–workpiece and tool–chip contact regions, thus providing a better cooling effect and decreasing tool wear through lubrication of the contact areas.The main objective of this work is to understand how the tool wear mechanisms are influenced by fluid pressure, flow rate and direction of application in finish turning of AISI 1045 steel using coated carbide tools.The main finding was that when cutting fluid was applied to the tool rake face, the adhesion between chip and tool was very strong, causing the removal of tool particles and large crater wear when the adhered chip material was removed from the tool by the chip flow. When cutting fluid was not applied to the rake face, adhesion of chip material to the face did occur, but was not strong enough to remove tool particles as it moved across the face, and therefore crater wear did not increase.