苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物的环氧化

以甲酸和过氧化氢反应生成的过氧甲酸为氧化剂、聚乙二醇(PEG-400)为相转移催化剂,对苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SIS)进行了环氧化,考察了SIS的环氧化反应影响因素,并探讨了环氧化反应机理。结果表明,在C=C/甲酸/过氧化氢(摩尔比)为1/2/6、反应时间为2 h、反应温度为50℃、SIS质量分数为20%时,SIS的环氧化效果最好,环氧度可达到39. 2%;加入相转移催化剂PEG-400可以大幅度提高环氧度,当PEG-400/SIS(质量比)为1. 0时,环氧度可达到59. 5%; SIS的环氧化反应主要发生在聚异戊二烯链节中1,4-结构的双键上,且反应活性由强到弱依次为顺式-1,4-结构、反式-1,4-结构、3,4-结构。     

顺丁橡胶及环氧化产物作为增容剂的研究

用滴定环氧基的方法考察了影响顺丁橡胶(PB)在相转移催化剂存在下于环己烷中用过甲酸环氧化的下列因素:相转移催化剂的用量、反应温度、反应时间、PB的浓度、甲酸及过氧化氢的用量。结果表明,相转移催化剂聚乙二醇能增加环氧化程度,PB环氧化的适宜条件为:m(聚乙二醇)/m(PB)为4%,PB的质量浓度80 g/L,反应温度70℃,反应时间2 h,m(甲酸)/m(PB)为15%,n(甲酸)/n(过氧化氢)为1.0。产物用核磁共振氢谱表征。以环氧化顺丁橡胶(EPB)作为苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物SBS与氯醚橡胶共混的增容剂,结果指出,EPB占共混物质量分数的3%即可使共混物的拉伸强度显著提高。     

在相转移催化剂存在下SBS的环氧化及其产物作为增容剂的研究

以滴定环氧基的方法详细考察了影响SBS在环己烷中用原位生成的过甲酸进行环氧化的因素，包括反应温度、反应时间、SBS的浓度、甲酸及过氧化氢的用量等。指出聚乙二醇作为相转移催化剂可增加转化率。环氧化的适宜条件为：SBS的质量浓度为130g／L，反应温度为70℃，反应时间为2h,m(甲酸)／m(SBS)为10％，m(相转移催化剂)／m(SBS)为1％～2％，n(甲酸)：n(过氧化氢)为1。以核磁共振谱表征了产物，考查了环氧化SBS(ESBS)的力学性能，并研究了ESBS作为SBS与氯磺化聚乙烯共混时增容剂的效果。     

极性化SBS的环氧化改性

以甲酸和过氧化氢为氧化剂对极性化SBS(SBSVP)进行了环氧化改性。通过环氧含量、双键减少量以及副反应程度的测定,讨论了影响SBSVP环氧化反应的主要因素:n甲酸/n过氧化氢、反应温度、反应时间、SBSVP的质量分数。得到了SBSVP环氧化的适宜条件:SBSVP质量分数10%,n甲酸∶n过氧化氢=1∶1,反应温度60℃,反应时间2.5 h,所得产物的环氧基质量分数为11.1%。     

用过氧乙酸原位法合成环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯

用过氧乙酸原位法制备了不同环氧值的环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯,研究了反应温度,反应时间,过氧化氢与端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、冰乙酸与HTPB及磺酸催化剂与HTPB质量比等对产物环氧值、羟值及开环率的影响,并用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征.结果表明,用过氧乙酸原位法可有效控制产物的开环率.最佳环氧化反应条件为反应温度50℃、反应时间7 h、过氧化氢与HTPB质量比2.50、冰乙酸与HTPB质量比0.90、磺酸催化剂与HTPB质量比0.15.     

SBS的环氧化

通过 1H-NMR证实了线型 SBS的环氧化反应产物中环氧基团的存在 ,考察了影响 SBS环氧化合成条件的诸多因素 :反应温度、反应时间、SBS的浓度、甲酸、过氧化氢。SBS环氧化的适宜条件为 :SBS溶液浓度 1 3 0 g/ l,反应温度 70℃ ,反应时间 2 h。所得产物的环氧基质量分数为 1 3 %。     

环氧化季戊四醇油酸酯的合成

以季戊四醇油酸酯和过氧化氢为原料,强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,对环氧化季戊四醇油酸酯的合成反应进行了研究。考察了催化剂用量、过氧化氢用量、反应温度、甲酸用量、反应时间等因素对环氧化反应的影响。确定了较佳的合成条件,当m(季戊四醇油酸酯)∶m(甲酸)∶m(过氧化氢)∶m(离子交换树脂)=1∶20%∶70%∶5%时,在60℃反应温度下反应6h,制得淡黄色油状环氧化季戊四醇油酸酯,产品环氧值为4.6%,碘值低于3g/100g。     

SBS环氧化及其产物作为环氧固化体系增韧剂的研究

在相转移催化剂的存在下,将苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)嵌段共聚物进行环氧化改性,并引入环氧极性基团,同时对该产物(ESBS)应用于双酚A型环氧树脂(E-44)/脂肪胺(DMDC)的固化体系进行增韧改性。结果表明,当SBS质量浓度为130 g/L、m(甲酸)/m(SBS)=10%、n(过氧化氢)/n(甲酸)=1、m(PEG-400)/m(SBS)=3%、反应温度为70℃和反应时间为150 min时,SBS环氧化反应较佳,可得到环氧基质量分数为8.2%的ESBS。进一步添加2%(质量分数)ESBS到E-44/DMDC环氧固化体系中,能有效提高该固化体系的力学性能,拉伸强度增加37.0%,弯曲强度增加17.4%。     

Dawson结构磷钨酸催化绿色合成己二酸

以自制Dawson结构磷钨酸为催化剂,在无有机溶剂、相转移催化剂的情况下,用过氧化氢氧化环己烯合成己二酸。探讨了催化剂用量、过氧化氢用量、反应时间、反应温度对反应的影响。结果表明:较佳反应条件为环己烯:过氧化氢:催化剂摩尔比100:500:0.2,反应温度100℃,反应时间为5 h时,合成的己二酸收率可达76.6%;该反应符合串级反应机制。     

用相转移催化剂聚乙二醇环氧化苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物（英文）

利用甲酸和过氧化氢反应原位生成的过氧甲酸为氧化剂,以具有两亲性的聚乙二醇(PEG-400)为相转移催化剂,在甲苯溶剂中对苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物进行环氧化。结果表明,当PEG-400质量分数为1%时,产物环氧度由39.1%提高到59.5%,且环氧化反应主要发生在聚异戊二烯链段的1,4-结构双键上,1,4-结构的摩尔分数由50.70%下降到33.55%,特征峰位置没有明显变化。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。