Exploring seed and meal composition and protein solubility in soybean genotypes from different domestication periods

Traditionally, commercial soybean breeding has focused on increasing seed yield by crossing elite cultivars and limiting the genetic diversity within commercial germplasm. Wild and ancestral soybean genotypes have higher seed protein concentrations than commercial ones. Different seed protein concentrations and compositions result in diverse functional properties of soybean meal, in particular solubility is important for beverages and protein isolates production. The objectives of our study were (i) to characterize seed protein concentration and composition in genotypes from different soybean domestication periods (types) and (ii) to evaluate the protein concentration and solubility profiles of the defatted meals obtained from these genotypes. Variation within seed and meal protein concentration, composition, and solubility was evident along the domestication process. Wild relative (G. soja) and Elite genotypes had the maximum and minimum seed protein concentrations, respectively (42.9 and 36.3 g 100 g⁻¹). Soybean meal protein concentrations were 55.1, 47.7, 48.4 and 44.1 g 100 g⁻¹ for Wild relative (G. soja), Asian landraces, North American (Nam) ancestors and Elite, respectively. Ample genotypic variation was observed for β-conglycinin components, such as for β, α, and α′ subunits and for total glycinin and its components. Asian landraces had the highest protein solubility. Wild and ancestral germplasm are a reservoir of useful traits to improve soybean seed quality. This study opens the gates to the introduction of ancestral germplasm to breeding programs focused on protein quality and functionality.     

21世纪中国艺术设计的历史性选择--浅论经济全球化的挑战和设计理论建设的文化立场

本文首先就经济全球化、艺术设计理论建设及其文化立场等相关概念进行了初步的界定。接着对中国传统设计艺术设计理论建设的形成、发展和当前所面临的冲击作了一个简要的回顾。最后着重就21世纪经济全球化的挑战与中国设计理论建设的文化立场进行了一个较为详实的分析和阐释，同时提出了个人的一此观点和看法。     

Gender difference in color preference across cultures: An archetypal pattern modulated by a female cultural stereotype

A gender difference in color preference among British participants has been repeatedly reported, in which both males and females show a preference for blue‐green colors, while females express an additional preference for pink‐purple colors. To investigate the robustness of gender difference in color preference in a different culture, we tested 81 young adult Indians from a school of design and compared them to 80 young British students in Psychology. The 35‐item International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) and Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) questionnaires were also administered to explore possible links between personality traits, gender schemata, and color preferences. Results confirmed a gender difference in both cultures; participants collectively expressed a preference for cool over warm colors, while in addition females showed a preference for pink colors, with a warm bias for Indian females and a cool bias for British females. While these results extend gender difference to Indian culture and support the universality of an underlying pattern they also reveal a culture‐specific contribution essentially observed in females. In British participants, color preference was correlated exclusively with BSRI scores in females and overwhelmingly with IPIP scores in males; this gender‐specific pattern of correlation was not replicated in the Indian sample. Results point to an archetypal pattern of gender difference in color preference with a remarkable cross‐cultural similarity in men and a subtle but significant cultural difference in women whose origin is yet to be explained.     

免疫文化算法及其在乙烯裂解炉故障诊断中的应用

引言迄今为止,科研人员已经根据生物进化的机理提出很多用以解决复杂优化问题的方法,如遗传算法、蚁群优化算法、粒子群优化算法等。然而这些传统的进化算法只提供有限的或者隐性关于种群个体经验的知识表示和保存机制,这就让研究人员开始寻找一种利用显性机制来获取并保存种群进化求解知识和经验。在人类学的角度上,文化通常被看成是保存信     

Modeling nanomaterial physical properties: theory and simulation

ABSTRACT

A brief theory and simulation overview for the purpose of design is presented with examples applies to modeling the physical properties, behavior, and phenomena of nanomaterial. This review paper constructs perspectives that consider coupling traditional domains of simulation by novel pathways to produce accurate representations of nanomaterial properties, behavior and phenomena. It is all about size scaling and how different approaches are able to simulate, integrate or simply pass the baton to the next level of complexity. In macroscopic world, the atomic or molecular information alone may not be directly useful. Nor is the bulk information useful in the microscopic world without intimate knowledge of molecular makeup. Therefore, when designing Nanomaterials, knowledge of properties spanning the complete range of size is the prerequisite of a recommended self-consistent approach. In fact, regarding applications in both industry and academia, the simulation first approach often can lead to great savings in time. This review paper focuses mostly on optical and electronic properties but a section is added that provides a segue into mechanical properties for future consideration.     

A study on the application of an artificial neural algorithm in the color matching of Taiwanese cultural and creative commodities

In the recent years, great importance has been shown toward the cultural creativity in Taiwan. Cultural identification and determining how best to apply it to commercial products require investigating and compiling a vast amount of cultural information, along with the individual ideas of designers, to develop new cultural products. During the product development and design process, the color scheme is the final and most important element. It not only represents the first image of the product but also elicits the important first‐sight impression of consumers. Consequently, color ranks first in cultural commodity development. By understanding the Taiwanese culture, as well as assessing, verifying, and internalizing it into the materials that can be used by the designers, this study uses an artificial neural network system and simplifies the collected pictures that are representative of the Taiwanese culture into groups of different matching colors to assist designers in developing cultural commodities with different features and according to different cultural styles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 341–351, 2015     

Chemical characterization and origin of dyes used in the manufacture of Beninese cultural heritage objects

Six objects of Beninese cultural heritage provided by African and Confluences museums of Lyon (France) were the focus of this study. The characterization of colored compounds was achieved using: microchemical tests, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector. The main results reflect the presence of organic compounds like indigotin, 2‐hydroxynaphthoquinone, and mineral ions such as Al³⁺, S^2?, Na⁺, and Fe³⁺. Dyes were identified from Philenoptera cyanescens (Yoruba indigo) and Lawsonia inermis L. (henna); pigments were identified as laundry blue, Prussian blue, and iron oxides. All of these data therefore make possible the conservation and the restoration of these objects while maintaining their visual and functional integrity.     

气体在金属-有机骨架材料中的吸附分离:经典密度泛函理论的应用

回顾了近年来经典密度泛函理论在预测金属-有机骨架材料吸附特性方面的研究进展,重点介绍了经过快速傅里叶变换加速后的经典密度泛函理论在MOF吸附材料的大规模筛选方面的应用。相较传统的计算机分子模拟,加速后的经典密度泛函理论的优势在于计算效率,对于简单的小分子气体系统尤其具有优势,对MOF吸附材料进行大规模筛选是可行的;但对于对复杂分子的处理尚没有特别有效的方法,如何合理构建复杂流体自由能泛函是它面临的主要挑战。     

Effects of chain stiffness and penetrant size on penetrant diffusion in simple polymers: deduced relations from simulation and PRISM theory

Molecular dynamics simulations in the NVT ensemble were performed for a repulsive system of bead-spring polymer chains with angle constraints. The diffusion coefficients of spherical penetrants were measured for different size penetrants as the angle constraints were varied. The scaling of the diffusion coefficient with penetrant size varies as a function of chain stiffness from liquid-like behavior to polymeric behavior. Free volume distributions were calculated from both simulation and PRISM theory. It is found that free volume distributions and mean void size are constant with chain stiffness although the diffusion coefficient changes by a factor of two. This suggests that while free volume is necessary for diffusion to occur, binary collisions and chain relaxation also play a role in determining penetrant diffusion. The relative contributions of these factors to the diffusion coefficient may change as a function of chain stiffness.     

Optimal control and the Pontryagin's principle in chemical engineering: History,theory, and challenges

In the mid-1950s, Pontryagin et al. published a principle that became a fundamental concept in optimal control (OC) theory. The principle provides theoretical and practical methods to find the solution of OC problems, in particular, open-loop control problems. In chemical engineering, the principle has played an important role as a decision making framework for more than 60 years. This study gathers the main contributions on the application of the Pontryagin's principle to the dynamic optimization of chemical processes. A concise overview of the optimality conditions for a wide class of constrained OC problems is provided. Numerical methods to solve the necessary conditions and strategies to address inequality constraints are summarized. The information and illustrative case study presented in this work can be used as a guide to implement the principle in different settings. Opportunities for further application of the principle in relevant chemical engineering problems are also discussed.