UASB处理黄竹制浆造纸废水的研究

针对制浆造纸废水厌氧处理启动时间长,运行效果较差的问题,采用处理酿酒废水厌氧颗粒污泥接种UASB,开展了为期90 d处理黄竹制浆造纸废水的工艺研究。结果表明,历时24 d UASB启动成功,此时,CODCr去除率、出水VFA的质量浓度、产气量分别为58%、178.0 mg/L、4 L/d。UASB处理该废水的最佳条件为:进水CODCr的质量浓度为3 700 mg/L,pH值为7.5,HRT为8 h,有机负荷小于12 kg[CODCr]/(m3·d),反应器运行温度为35℃。在该条件下运行7 d,出水CODCr的平均质量浓度为1 328 mg/L,CODCr平均去除率为64%,出水VFA的平均质量浓度约为187.1 mg/L,出水pH值约为8.2,平均产气量约为14 L/d。UASB具有良好的耐冲击负荷能力和恢复能力,在承受22 kg[CODCr]/(m3·d)的有机负荷冲击5 d后反应器仍可在4 d内恢复正常运行。     

乙酰螺旋霉素生产废水的处理

采用厌氧颗粒污泥和好氧活性污泥分别对升流式厌氧污泥床过滤器(UBF)和间歇循环活性污泥系统(CASS)进行污泥接种培养,研究水解酸化-UBF-CASS工艺在乙酰螺旋霉素废水处理方面的运行效果.运行结果表明:在进水CODCr的质量浓度为5 000～10 000mg/L,UBF和CASS反应器中有机负荷分别为0.50和0.24kg[CODCr]/(kg[MLSS]·d)左右的情况下,UBF和CASS反应器分别运行2个月和1周,CODCr平均去除率分别达到88%和50%,出水CODCr的质量浓度在300mg/L以下,达到<污水综合排放标准>(8978-1996)二级标准.     

草甘膦生产废水及其厌氧处理技术

结合草甘膦的性质及其生产废水的特性,总结了草甘膦生产废水的适宜处理技术。对采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理某草甘膦生产厂家的废水进行实验室规模的研究,结果表明,在进水CODCr的质量浓度为6000~7000mg/L,HRT为26h,温度控制在35±0.5℃的条件下,处理出水CODCr的质量浓度可达134mg/L,工程运行表明,采用该法处理每吨草甘膦废水的运行费用为0.5元。     

UASB处理头孢类抗生素制药废水的试验研究

采用UASB厌氧反应器在中温条件下处理头孢类抗生素制药废水。结果表明：当反应器稳定运行后．进水CODCr的质量浓度为14300mg／L,容积负荷可达到14-3kg／（m3．d）,CODCr的去除率能够稳定在85％左右,出水CODCr的质量浓度在2500mg／L以下,出水VFA的质量浓度在3mmol／L左右,产气量达到17L/d左右。试验取得了良好的处理效果,为利用厌氧技术处理头孢类抗生素废水提供了设计依据。     

庆大霉素综合废水的处理

采用Microfroth技术对庆大霉素综合废水进行预处理,后续UASB反应器+接触氧化的主体处理工艺,运行稳定可靠。在综合废水进水CODCr,BOD5,SS的质量浓度分别为12820,2482,7620mg/L时,出水CODCr,BOD5,SS的质量浓度分别为600～700,200～240,100～120mg/L,达到污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)三级标准,并且每天可以回收饲料5t及沼气2160m3。     

DO浓度对MBR运行效果的影响研究

为了研究DO浓度对MBR运行效果的影响,选取DO的质量浓度分别为(1.0±0.2)、(3.5±0.2)、(6.0±0.2)mg/L进行纵向对比试验,以CODCr、NH3-N浓度和脱氢酶活性(DHA)为考察指标,分析DO浓度对MBR运行效果的影响规律。试验结果表明,当DO的质量浓度为3.5 mg/L时,MBR的CODCr生物去除率、NH3-N生物去除率及NH3-N系统去除率较DO的质量浓度为1.0、6.0 mg/L时的大,各DO浓度条件下的CODCr系统去除率无明显差别;各DO浓度条件下,膜对CODCr补偿作用明显,对NH3-N补偿作用不明显;当DO的质量浓度为3.5 mg/L时,MBR混合液的DHA较DO的质量浓度为6.0、1.0 mg/L的要大,其值为15.77 mg[TF]/(h·L)。DO浓度对MBR运行效果的影响表现为:DO浓度适宜,可促进MBR中CODCr、NH3-N的生物去除,提高MBR的微生物活性。膜对CODCr补偿作用明显,对NH3-N补偿作用不明显。     

1,4-丁二醇生产废水处理工艺试验研究

采用溶气气浮-铁炭反应池-高效厌氧反应器-A/O/MBBR工艺对1,4-丁二醇高浓度生产有机废水进行中试试验的研究。试验结果表明,进水CODCr的质量浓度最高为9 010 mg/L,甲醛的质量浓度最高为2 024 mg/L时,出水CODCr的质量浓度为32~59 mg/L,甲醛的质量浓度小于或等于1 mg/L。整套系统对CODCr的平均去除率为99.34%,对甲醛的去除率为99.95%。废水经过该工艺处理后,出水水质达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中一级标准的要求。     

无纺布膜生物反应器在洗浴废水再生处理中的应用

采用无纺布平板膜生物反应器对某高校游泳馆的洗浴废水进行处理,考察了无纺布膜生物反应器对洗浴废水的处理效果,并对该工艺进行了初步的技术经济分析。结果表明:无纺布膜生物反应器对洗浴废水处理效果良好,出水CODCr的质量浓度小于20 mg/L、BOD5的质量浓度小于5 mg/L、浊度小于1 NTU、NH3-N的质量浓度小于1 mg/L、LAS的质量浓度小于0.5 mg/L,各项指标均符合GB 18920—2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准的要求。技术经济分析结果表明,采用无纺布膜生物反应器工艺可有效降低工程投资和运行成本。     

新型接触氧化法处理啤酒生产废水

采用VTBR(垂直折流生化反应器)加气浮工艺处理啤酒废水。当CODCr及BOD5的质量浓度分别为1500～2500mg/L和800～1500mg/L时,CODCr及BOD5的去除率均达90%以上,出水达到了排放标准。处理费用为0.55元/m3。     

AMBR结构及水力负荷优化研究

为了对厌氧迁移式污泥床反应器(AMBR)的运行条件进行优化,采用自制AMBR,在进水CODCr的质量浓度为3 000 mg/L的条件下,考察了导流板与挡板间距、HRT对反应器运行效果的影响。结果表明:导流板与挡板间距对CODCr去除效果的影响不大,但较小间距时废水的流速快,有利于与污泥混合。当HRT从31 h缩短为12 h时,CODCr去除率仍然能稳定维持在80%以上,最佳HRT为21 h,此时CODCr的去除率为90%。由于反应器各格室的污泥浓度接近、产酸菌及产甲烷菌的均衡分布及缓冲进水的影响,使得反应器的CODCr去除率高,抗冲击负荷能力强,运行过程中没有发生堵塞现象。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。