基于ABAQUS的钢板混凝土板平面外弯剪性能的非线性有限元分析

以钢板混凝土板的平面外弯剪性能试验研究为基础,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了钢板混凝土板的非线性有限元模型,模拟弯剪破坏、剪切破坏、钢板剥离破坏3种破坏形态下构件的受力性能。模型考虑了材料的非线性、钢板与混凝土的接触和栓钉的滑移模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。利用有限元模型,对影响钢板混凝土板面外受力性能的主要参数进行了分析,包括栓钉间距、钢板厚度。结合试验现象和有限元分析结果,指出了钢板混凝土板面外受力性能随参数变化的原因,并提出了在一定情况下不同破坏形态之间转化的参数临界值。结果表明:可以通过对栓钉间距与钢板厚度的控制来使得钢板屈服,从而保证无抗剪钢筋的钢板混凝土板在平面外可以达到弯剪破坏形式。     

组合梁中栓钉受力的有限元模拟分析

本文提出了一个模拟组合梁栓钉受力性能的有限元模型,该模型采用8节点实体单元来模拟混凝土楼板、钢梁与栓钉,压型钢板则采用8节点双曲度壳单元来模拟。该模型充分考虑了荷载及边界约束情况,并假设压型钢板与混凝土楼板之间无相对滑移。本文应用该模型对一系列栓钉推出试验进行了模拟分析,结果表明该有限元模型能精确地模拟组合梁中栓钉的受力性能。此外,本文还研究了无侧向支撑试件在推出试验中的非成熟破坏问题,解释了破坏机理,提出了有效防止方法。     

钢—压型钢板混凝土组合梁非线性分析

用ANSYS程序对4个简支钢-压型钢板混凝土组合梁试件的受力性能进行非线性分析,在组合梁的有限元模型中,采用弹簧单元考虑了混凝土翼缘板同钢梁间的滑移;梁单元来模拟混凝土所受到的栓钉对其的局部压力;非线性材料本构模型考虑了钢材和混凝土的材料非线性特性。通过与试验结果的对比分析发现该模型可以准确地模拟出钢-压型钢板混凝土组合梁的荷载-挠度曲线、交接面荷载-滑移曲线以及压型钢板组合板的开裂过程,因此,可以利用有限元方法研究组合梁的工作性能。     

新型连接件的叠合板组合楼盖边柱节点有限元分析

文中利用abaqus对采用新型不抗剪开孔钢板抗拔连接件的叠合板组合楼盖边柱节点进行有限元研究分析,并将有限元计算结果与试验结果和栓钉连接件的节点模拟结果进行对比。结果表明,有限元模型能较好的模拟试验情况,试验的破化形态与有限元分析基本一致,对比栓钉节点模拟结果,可以知道采用此新型不抗剪开孔钢板抗拔连接件可以有效的减缓负弯矩区混凝土开裂。后续可以在此模型的基础上开展进一步的研究分析。     

帽型组合扁梁力学性能分析

本文采用三维有限元分析软件ABAQUS对帽型组合扁梁的力学性能进行了分析,模型中考虑了混凝土受拉开裂及钢筋在混凝土板中的分布,采用节点耦合和弹簧单元两种方法模拟栓钉的力学性能。有限元分析结果和试验结果进行了对比,验证了理论分析的正确性。研究结果表明:帽型组合扁梁具有良好的延性;加载点沿跨度方向作用点不同对组合扁梁的力学性能影响很小;混凝土开裂后剪力连接件的存在能提高构件在弹塑性阶段的刚度和承载力;对比结果表明,采用弹簧单元能较好模拟栓钉的力学性能。     

压型钢板组合梁滑移性能的有限元分析

利用ANSYS有限元软件对压型钢板组合梁模型进行了有限元数值模拟分析,将有限元分析结果与试验结果进行了比较,验证了模型的合理性,利用ANSYS软件对压型钢板组合梁在栓钉布置方式和混凝土板强度影响下交界面的滑移性能进行了探讨.     

钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点在具有冷却过程的模拟火灾中的性能分析

对3个带有钢筋混凝土楼板的钢管混凝土柱与钢梁的节点进行了试验,这些节点承受组合荷载、同时具有加热和冷却的火荷载的共同作用。试验参数包括加热时间和防火材料厚度。测量了节点在加热、冷却和灾后的温度和变形。采用有限元模型模拟了节点在组合荷载和火灾下的反应。通过试验结果证实了有限元模型的有效性。随后采用有限元模型分析加热和冷却过程各自引起的节点温度变化。另外,给出此类节点在组合荷载和加热冷却火荷载作用下的弯矩-转角关系。     

闭口型压型钢板-混凝土组合板数值模态分析研究

目前,压型钢板-混凝土组合板结构在工业厂房和电厂中得到广泛应用,其组合板振动特性也日渐为业主和设计人员所关注。利用ANSYS有限元分析程序对闭口型压型钢板-混凝土组合板进行数值模态分析,得到组合板各阶自振频率及振型。对模态分析过程中所涉及到的材料模型定义、单元划分以及建模技术等问题进行了详细介绍,数值模拟结果与组合板模态试验结果比较吻合,表明所采用的有限元模态分析方法能较准确模拟组合板的振动特征。进一步运用ANSYS程序对一系列不同跨度和边界条件下的组合板进行数值模态分析,得到不同跨度和边界条件下组合板的振型和自振频率,为组合板的振动设计提供有益的参考和依据。     

基于分层壳单元的钢管-双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙弹塑性有限元分析

钢管-双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙是将钢管混凝土剪力墙与钢板混凝土剪力墙结合的一种新型抗侧力构件。基于分层壳单元,采用有限元软件MSC Marc建立6片钢管混凝土剪力墙模型。通过钢筋应力与混凝土应变云图揭示钢管混凝土剪力墙在荷载作用下的微观受力状态;通过基底剪力-顶点位移曲线分析钢管混凝土剪力墙的承载力、延性及耗能能力。结果表明:钢管混凝土剪力墙有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。在钢管混凝土剪力墙模型基础上,又建立3片钢管-双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙模型对其进行分析,结果表明:基于空间分层壳单元的有限元模型能够有效模拟钢管-双钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的非线性性能,在剪力墙结构地震下弹塑性分析方面具有一定参考意义。     

竹筋-陶粒混凝土复合板的热工性能研究

经对150 mm厚竹筋-陶粒混凝土复合板进行热工试验及计算分析,得出竹筋-陶粒混凝土复合板的传热系数K=0.625W/(m2·K),热惰性指标D=8.610;并采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对竹筋-陶粒混凝土复合板的热工性能进行模拟,进一步研究竹筋-陶粒混凝土复合板的传热特点,分析结果显示,有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好.本模型作为竹筋-陶粒混凝土复合板热工计算的依据,其热流的传递主要通过斜向竹筋.     

Experimental and numerical study on restrained composite slab during heating and cooling

In this paper, a series of fire tests on restrained composite slabs, carried out at the University of Manchester, is presented. A total of six composite slabs were tested under different fire scenarios, with different load ratios. The tests were particularly concerned with the variation of internal forces within the slabs during both heating and cooling phases. In addition to the testing programme, two separate nonlinear finite element models have been developed to simulate the thermal and mechanical behaviour of composite slabs during heating and cooling, which is introduced in detail in this paper. In the thermal analysis model, plane elements were adopted to obtain a detailed thermal behaviour. In the structural analysis model, the concrete, steel deck and mesh were simulated by solid elements, shell elements and truss elements respectively. The interaction between the concrete and steel sheet was simplified to spring elements. According to the experimental results and FE modelling, the behaviour of composite slabs was analysed in detail. At last, the parametric study was performed where the effect of concrete strength, steel deck thickness and mesh size was analysed.     

Experimental behaviour of composite slabs during the heating and cooling fire stages

Most theoretical and experimental research investigating the effect of fire on structures has previously concentrated only on the structural behaviour during the heating stages of the fire, partly due to the fact that internationally accepted standard fire tests only consider this stage of the fire. Evidence from real fires in real buildings has highlighted that the cooling phase of a fire is equally important and it is possible for structures to fail during this stage of the fire even though they have survived the heating stage up to a maximum fire temperature. This paper provides an insight into the behaviour of composite slabs under different fire scenarios considering both the heating and cooling phase of the fire. Extensive test data is presented which shows the redistribution of moments and strains in the deck and steel mesh, together with displacements during the full duration of the fire. The results show that the behaviour of composite slabs is dependent on the heating rate, the maximum temperature reached and the cooling rate. In terms of overall performance, displacements and the temperature on the non-fire side of the slab are important. For the tests presented in this paper it was shown that one fire scenario resulted in the maximum displacement but another fire scenario resulted in the maximum temperature on the unexposed face. In addition the maximum temperature of the unexposed side of the slab and the mesh reinforcement within the slab occurring during the cooling stages of the fire. This highlights the fact that the performance of structures must be checked in design under a range of possible fire scenarios, which must include both the heating and cooling stages of a fire.     

压型钢板组合楼板耐火性能的试验研究

本文通过对５块规格不同的压型钢板组合楼板的耐火试验，研究组合楼板在１５～２０小时的耐火时限中的背温和变形发展规律。试验结果表明，由于压型钢板与混凝土的共同工作，压型钢板本身不会独自升温，且混凝土具有较好的吸热和散热功能，所以能保证压型钢板组合楼板的防火安全性。     

Experimental investigation on thermal and mechanical behaviour of composite floors exposed to standard fire

This paper presents experimental investigations on the thermal and mechanical behavior of composite floors subjected to ISO standard fire. Four 5.2 m×3.7 m composite slabs are tested with different combinations of the presence of one unprotected secondary beam, direction of ribs, and location of the reinforcement. The experimental results show that the highest temperature in the reinforcements occurs during the cooling phase (30–50 °C increment after 10-min cooling). The temperature at the unexposed side of the slabs is below 100 °C up to 100-min heating, compared to the predicted fire resistance close to 90 mins from EC4. For the slabs without secondary beams, the cracks first occur around the boundaries of the slab, while for the slabs supported by one unprotected secondary beam, concrete cracks first occur on the top of the slab above the beam due to the negative bending moment, and later on develop around boundaries. Debonding is observed between the steel deck and concrete slab. The secondary beam significantly impacts the deformation shape of tested slabs. Although a large deflection, 1/20 of the span length, is reached in the tests, the composite slabs can still provide sufficient load-bearing capacity due to membrane action. The occurrence of tensile membrane action is confirmed by the measured tensile stress in the reinforcement and compressive stress in the concrete. A comparison between measured and predicted fire resistance of the slabs indicates that EC4 calculations might be used for the composite slabs beyond the specified geometry limit, and the prediction is conservative.     

Behaviour of headed stud shear connectors for composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures

The behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams at elevated temperatures is an important problem. A three-dimensional push test model is developed herein with a two-dimensional temperature distribution field based on the finite element method (FEM) and which may be applied to steel-concrete composite beams. The motivation for this paper is to increase the awareness of the structural engineering community to the concepts behind composite steel-concrete structural design for fire exposure. The behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs under fire conditions strongly depends on the interaction of the slabs with the surrounding elements which include the structural steel beam, steel reinforcing and shear connectors. This study was carried out to consider the effects of elevated temperatures on the behaviour of composite steel-concrete beams for both solid and profiled steel sheeting slabs. This investigation considers the load-slip relationship and ultimate load behaviour for push tests with a three-dimensional non-linear finite element program ABAQUS. As a result of elevated temperatures, the material properties change with temperature. The studies were compared with experimental tests under both ambient and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, for the elevated temperature study, the models were loaded progressively up to the ultimate load to illustrate the capability of the structure to withstand load during a fire. It is concluded that finite element analysis showed that the shear connector strength under fire exposure was very sensitive. It is also shown that profiled steel sheeting slabs exhibit greater fire resistance when compared with that of a solid slab as a function of their ambient temperature strength.     

A fire test on continuous reinforced concrete slabs in a full-scale multi-story steel-framed building

To further understand the fire behavior of concrete floor slabs, this paper examines the results of a fire test on continuous concrete floor slabs in a full-scale three-story steel-framed building. The case under experimental study models the reality of fire conditions more closely than previous tests and involves the construction of a special furnace on the building's second floor to heat four panels (two by two) and steel beams on the third floor. The experimental results are investigated in detail and consider the furnace temperature, temperature distribution, vertical and horizontal deflections, and failure patterns of the structural elements during the heating and cooling phases. The testing data indicate that the number and locations of the heated panels in the floor also have a considerable effect on the continuous concrete floor's fire behavior, apart from the boundary constraint conditions provided by the adjacent structural members. In addition, the steel beams exhibit better fire-resistant performance than that observed in standard fire tests depending on their structural integrity and the interaction between structural members. In contrast to its high-strength bolt connections, the building's welded-bolted connections do not cause local buckling of the steel beams subjected to fire.     

Enhancing the fire resistance of composite floor assemblies through the use of steel fiber reinforced concrete

This paper presents a strategy for achieving the required fire resistance in composite floor systems through the use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Both experimental and numerical studies were carried out to evaluate the fire performance of floor systems comprising unprotected steel beams and concrete/SFRC deck slabs. The results from these studies show that SFRC composite deck slabs develop significant tensile forces (through tensile membrane action) that transfer load from fire-weakened steel beams to other cooler parts of the structure. Preliminary results indicate that the combined effect of composite construction, tensile membrane action, and the improved properties of SFRC under realistic fire, loading, and restraint conditions can provide sufficient fire resistance in steel beam-concrete deck slabs without the need for external fire protection on the floor assembly.     

Performance of CFST column to steel beam joints subjected to simulated fire including the cooling phase

This paper presents the experimental results of three concrete filled steel tube (CFST) column to steel beam joints with reinforced concrete (RC) slabs under combined loading and fire including the heating and cooling phases. The test parameters include heating time and thickness of the fire protection material. Temperatures and deformations of the joint specimens during the heating, cooling and post-fire phases were measured. A finite element analysis (FEA) model to simulate the action of a CFST column to steel beam joint under combined loading and fire is developed. The FEM model was verified by the experimental results. The FEA model is then used to analyse the temperature distribution in the heating and cooling phases. The moment versus relative rotation angle between the CFST column and the beam under combined loading and fire including the heating and cooling phases is also discussed.     

Experimental study on semi-rigid composite joints with steel beams and precast hollowcore slabs

The concept of semi-rigid composite connection has been widely researched in the past; however, most of the researches are limited to composite joints with metal deck flooring and solid concrete slabs. Composite construction incorporating precast concrete hollowcore slabs (HCU) is a recently developed composite floor system for buildings. The research on the structural behaviour of the semi-rigid composite joints with HCU is new and without any previous experimental database. In this paper, eight full-scale tests of beam-to-column semi-rigid composite joints with steel beams and precast hollowcore slabs are reported. The variables are stud spacing, degree of the shear connections, area of the longitudinal reinforcement and slab thickness. The test set-up and instrumentation is described in detail. The experimental behaviour is analysed and based on the test data the structural behaviour of these semi-rigid composite joints is discussed. Based on the experimental data, a simplified method to predict rotation and moment capacity for this type of composite connection is proposed.     

Nonlinear behaviour of unprotected composite slim floor steel beams exposed to different fire conditions

An efficient nonlinear 3D finite element model has been developed to investigate the structural performance of composite slim floor steel beams with deep profiled steel decking under fire conditions. The composite steel beams were unprotected simply supported with different cross-sectional dimensions, structural steel sections, load ratios during fire and were subjected to different fire scenarios. The nonlinear material properties of steel, composite slim concrete floor and reinforcement bars were incorporated in the model at ambient and elevated temperatures. The interface between the structural steel section and composite slim concrete floor was also considered, allowing the bond behaviour to be modelled and the different components to retain its profile during the deformation of the composite beam. Furthermore the thermal properties of the interface were included in the finite element analysis. The finite element model has been validated against published fire tests on unprotected composite slim floor steel beams. The time–temperature relationships, deformed shapes at failure, time–vertical displacement relationships, failure modes and fire resistances of the composite steel beams were evaluated by the finite element model. Comparisons between predicted behaviour and that recorded in fire tests have shown that the finite element model can accurately predict the behaviour of the composite steel beams under fire conditions. Furthermore, the variables that influence the fire resistance and behaviour of the unprotected composite slim floor steel beams, comprising different load ratios during fire, cross-section geometries, beam length and fire scenarios, were investigated in parametric studies. It is shown that the failure of the composite beams under fire conditions occurred for the standard fire curve, but did not occur for the natural fires. The use of high strength structural steel considerably limited the vertical displacements after fire exposure. It is also shown that presence of additional top reinforcement mesh is necessary for composite beams exposed to short hot natural fires. The fire resistances of the composite beams obtained from the finite element analyses were compared with the design values obtained from the Eurocode 4 for composite beams at elevated temperatures. It is shown that the EC4 predictions are generally conservative for the design of composite slim floor steel beams heated using different fire scenarios.