氟碳油溶性破乳剂的研究与应用

为解决中原油田采油三厂卫城油田原油破乳难的问题,发现氟碳活性剂交联生成的油溶性破乳剂对该油田原油有较好的适应性,通过室内及现场实验表明;交联生成的氟碳油溶性破乳剂破乳脱水效果好。     

新型油溶性原油破乳剂的应用

介绍了中国石油锦西石化分公司南蒸馏电脱盐破乳剂的应用情况,提出了新型原油破乳剂的设计理念,在实验室动态电脱盐小装置上对新型原油破乳剂进行了综合评价,并在南蒸馏电脱盐装置上进行了工业化应用。     

油溶性原油破乳剂的实际应用

中国石油化工股份有限公司济南分公司原油脱盐装置设计能力为 500×10~4t/a,采用高速电脱盐和交直流电脱盐技术,主要加工胜利原油、临盘原油和进口原油,2018年开始使用江苏太湖新材料控股TH-BE01油溶性原油破乳剂,装置运行平稳,脱水、脱盐效果较为理想,总脱盐率基本稳定在92%以上,TH-BE01添加量为13mg/L,TH-BE01油溶性原油破乳剂具有加量小、提高装备脱盐率等特性。     

油溶性原油破乳剂的实践应用

受近年来我国社会发展速度逐步加快的影响,对原油资源的需求也大幅上升,这就使得原油的生产及加工技术受到了相应的刺激,并呈现出一定程度的前进。在原油加工过程中,其中一道工序是使原油摆脱乳液状。但由于近年来的开采强度较大,原油乳液状的问题越来越严重,因此需要使用油溶性原油破乳剂来使原油摆脱乳液状态。主要围绕油溶性原油破乳剂的实践应用展开分析。     

油溶性破乳剂工业试验与应用

目前炼油装置因为掺炼劣质原油,造成装置运行水平下降,生产周期短,且原油携带杂质、含水含盐高等一系列问题对于下游工序产生不利影响。本文以大港石化公司现有原油处理工序:电脱盐优化操作为研究对象,从破乳剂优选入手,根据电脱盐技术所固有的特点,研究原油脱盐过程。以达到装置高水平长周期运行。     

大庆油田聚驱原油破乳剂的破乳效果研究

针对大庆油田聚驱采出液特性,对常规破乳剂进行筛选,同时室内合成了适合聚驱采出液的破乳剂,并与油田现用的破乳剂进行了性能比较。     

梳型原油破乳剂的合成与应用

以含氢硅油、烯丙基聚醚酯(AEPC)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为原料在氯铂酸的催化作用下制备出多支链的梳型聚硅氧烷原油破乳剂。通过探讨AEPC、MAA、MMA的摩尔配比对延安原油脱水效率的影响,确定了原料最佳摩尔配比为3∶2∶2。将所制破乳剂与多乙烯多胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯聚醚(TA-1031)按质量比8∶2复配进行破乳实验,在总加量为100 mg/L,脱水温度为60℃时,脱水率达到91.02%。     

生物优势菌破乳剂的制备及性能研究

本文将优势菌技术应用于生物破乳剂的制备研究。从菌种采集开始,经增殖及定向培养,得到了可用于O/W型乳状液破乳的优势菌群,并对其破乳性能及影响破乳性能的主要因素进行了研究。试验结果表明,在破乳时间48h,生物优势菌破乳剂的破乳效率可达约90%。破乳菌浓度、pH值、破乳时间、菌龄等对破乳性能产生影响,而灭菌处理对破乳性能无明显影响。     

高效广谱微生物复合破乳剂的制备及其应用

为解决破乳剂的选择性强、破乳效率低的问题,采用化学破乳剂和微生物破乳剂复合的方法,研制出了广谱、高效、低成本的破乳剂,并用大庆三次采油采出液、塔河原油、南阳原油、蓬莱原油、俄罗斯混合原油进行了脱水、脱盐评价。结果表明:对于大庆油田采出液,微生物复合与化学破乳剂比较,脱水效率提高5%以上,脱出水含油可降低40%以上;对于易乳化的南阳原油、蓬莱原油,脱后含盐可达3 mg/L以下,脱出水含油可降低50%以上。工业应用表明:对于俄罗斯混合原油脱后含盐可达2 mg/L以下,脱出水含油可降低70%以上,脱后排水含油小于15 mg/L。所研制的微生物复合破乳剂适应性强,成本可降低20%~50%。     

PR-30型高分子破乳剂的研究

本文采用Mickeal加成和酰胺化缩合反应,合成了树枝形聚合物-聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM),实验配制了PR-30型高分子破乳剂。讨论了反应温度、反应时间对破乳效果的影响,并采用模拟原油乳状液,对复配后样品的破乳效果进行了初步评价。     

Comparing emulsion polymerization of methacrylate-monomers with different hydrophilicity

A comprehensive experimental study concerning the influence of various types of initiator-emulsifier systems on emulsion polymerization of methacrylate monomers (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA)) reveals interesting relations between initiator and surfactant hydrophilicity on the one hand and the hydrophilicity of the monomers on the other hand. For the water-soluble HEMA stable latexes are only obtained if hydrophobic initiators such as 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile or dibenzoyl peroxide in combination with alkyl sulfate surfactants with carbon chain lengths greater than 10 or surface active initiators of the 2,2′-azobis(N-2′-methylpropanoyl-2-amino-alkyl-1)-sulfonate type with alkyl chain lengths greater than 8 are employed. Stable nano size range poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) particles have been prepared also by batch emulsion polymerization using ionic surface active initiators (inisurfs). The results clearly show that the formation of stable latex particles requires a proper choice of the initiator-emulsifier system regarding its hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. The PHEMA particles prepared with surface-active initiators keep their identity and spherical shape even in the dried state whereas in the case of the other initiator-emulsifier systems complete coagulation and coalescence occurs during drying.     

Free radical terpolymerization of butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate and alpha methyl styrene at high temperature

The free radical initiated terpolymerization of butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and alpha methyl styrene (AMS) has been examined. Kinetic studies focused on elevated reaction temperatures (115 and 140 °C). The studies were made over the full conversion range and examined the effect of reaction temperature, feed composition and initiator level on reaction rates. The composition of terpolymer products and their molecular weights were also analyzed with respect to monomer conversion levels.     

RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate

It has been well documented that RAFT miniemulsion polymerization has broader molecular weight distribution, compared with its bulk polymerization counterpart. Interestingly, it was found that the PDI value of RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) mediated by 2-cyranoprop-2-yl dithiobenzoate (CPDB) was still as low as its corresponding bulk polymerization did. PDI could be as low as 1.13 even with typical sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 1 wt%, surfactant) and n-hexadecane (HD, 2 wt%, costablizer) concentrations. When the polymerization was carried out at 60 °C, a dramatic increase in PDI (>1.4) was observed after 80% monomer conversion since RAFT addition reaction became diffusion-controlled. Increasing the polymerization temperature to 80 °C could reduce the PDI to 1.2 even at 100% monomer conversion. The compartmentalization effect of radicals was surprisingly absence before 30% monomer conversion but became pronounced afterwards in the miniemulsion polymerization. Thus, it still took less time to finish the miniemulsion polymerization with the increase of the surfactant levels.     

SBS改性胶粘剂的合成及其性能研究

在交联单体丙烯酸（AA）存在下,研究了SBS／MMA－BA四元接枝共聚合及其产物的性能。讨论了AA用量、混合单体用量、SBS起始浓度、混合单体配比及反应温度对接枝共聚物性能的影响。获得适宜的合成工艺条件。通过大量测试表明,用SBS改性的接枝共聚物配制的胶粘剂,具有粘结力大、剥离强度高、使用方便等特点。     

MMA/BA混合单体固相接枝玉米淀粉共聚反应的研究

对玉米淀粉与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯的固相接枝共聚反应进行了研究,采用红外光谱表征了淀粉接枝共聚物的结构,讨论了各反应因素对接枝率、接枝效率和单体转化率的影响。最佳工艺条件为:引发剂用量为7 phr水,用量为35 phr,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为50~60 min。     

丙烯酸酯/甲基丙烯酸酯无规共聚物聚合工艺研究及表征

用丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸酯为共聚单体,偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,以甲苯和正丁醇为混合溶剂,采用溶液聚合方法合成共聚物。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜和凝胶渗透色谱对合成的共聚物的结构和组成进行表征。研究了共聚物黏度和分子质量的影响因素。确定了最佳聚合条件:软硬单体质量比为2.0∶1,单体滴加时间为3.0 h,聚合温度90℃,聚合时间2.0 h,引发剂用量为0.7%,得到了分子质量分布较窄、成膜性能好的丙烯酸树脂。     

The dissociation rate coefficient of persulfate in emulsion polymerization systems

The effects of various components in an emulsion polymerization system on the dissociation rate coefficient of persulfate at 50 °C are examined using iodometry. Styrene monomer is found to enhance greatly the dissociation, while there is either no effect or possibly a slightly reduced rate of dissociation with methyl methacrylate monomer. The saturated analogues of these monomers (ethylbenzene and methyl isobutyrate) also enhance the dissociation, although not as much as styrene. Thus, such analogues should not be used as model compounds for determining the effect of a monomer on decomposition rate. The presence of metal parts in the reactor (e.g. as part of the agitation system) also could enhance the dissociation. The accelerations are consistent with literature mechanisms involving transfer reactions of aqueous-phase species. These results have significant implication for the interpretation and prediction of entry efficiencies and particle formation rates in emulsion polymerization systems.     

VAc/MA/AA三元无皂乳液共聚的研究

以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,对VAc/MA/AA三元无皂乳液共聚进行了研究。探讨了引发剂用量、功能单体用量(AA)对乳液稳定性、胶乳粒子粒径、粒径分布及胶乳粘度、粘接强度等性质的影响。结果表明: 引发剂用量小于单体总质量的0．7％时,随着KPS用量的增加,胶乳粒子粒径减小,粒径分布变窄;引发剂用量大于单体总质量的0．7％时,随着KPS用量的增加,胶乳粒径及分布都增大,KPS用量为单体总质量的6％时,单分散性好;共聚乳液的粒径随AA用量的增加而增加,粒径分布则随AA用量的增加而减小,乳液粘度随AA用量增大而降低,而粘接强度随AA用量增大而增加,耐水性下降。     

Inverse suspension polymerization of sodium acrylate: Synthesis and characterization

Crosslinked Poly(acrylic acid) was synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization. This process was investigated to determine the influence of different parameters like temperature, stirring speed, solution pH, and crosslinker concentration and to obtain the best control of the kinetics. An aqueous phase containing partially neutralized acrylic acid, crosslinking agent, and initiator agent was dispersed in an organic phase and stabilized by a surfactant. The inverse suspension was carried out in heptane as the organic phase with a different ratio of neutralization of the monomer, different crosslinker concentrations, and several stirring speeds. The polymerization was initiated by potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) with N‐N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA_C) as the crosslinker and sorbitan monooleate as the surfactant. The influence of several parameters on the bead size and the swelling capacity was investigated. Particle diameters ranged from 10 to 130 μm. The kinetic results obtained by differential scanning calorimetry showed that conversion and polymerization rates are a function of the solution pH, and they fell when the concentration of the crosslinking agent was higher than 7.5% in the mass of MBA_C. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2621–2630, 2000     

Atom transfer radical suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by CuCl/bpy

Atom transfer radical suspension polymerization (suspension ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out using 1-chloro-1-phenylethane (1-PECl) as initiator, copper chloride/bipyridine (CuCl/bpy) as catalyst. The polymerization was accomplished with a mechanical agitator under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere. Apart from the dispersing agent (1% PVA), NaCl was also used in the water phase to decrease the diffusion of CuCl/bpy to water and the influence of the concentration of NaCl was investigated. Subsequently, the kinetic behavior of the suspension ATRP of MMA at different temperatures was studied. At 90 and 95 °C, the polymerization showed first order with respect to monomer concentration until high conversion. The molecular weight (M_n) of the polymer increased with monomer conversion. However, at lower temperatures, different levels of autoacceleration was observed. The polymerization deviated from first order with respect to monomer concentration when the conversion was up to some degree. The lower the temperature was, the more the deviation displayed. On comparison with bulk ATRP of MMA, the rate of suspension ATRP was much faster.