Data provenance in SOA: security, reliability, and integrity

Due to the dynamic nature, such as services composition and evaluation, it is critical for a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) system to consider its data provenance, which concerns security, reliability, and integrity of data as they are being routed in the system. In a traditional software system, one focuses on the software itself to determine the security, reliability, and integrity of the software. In an SOA system, however, one also needs to consider origins and routes of data and their impact, i.e., data provenance. This paper first analyzes the unique nature and characteristics of data provenance in an SOA system, particularly related to data security, reliability, and integrity. Then it proposes a new framework for data provenance analysis in an SOA system. Finally, this paper uses an example which illustrates these techniques.     

Automated data provenance capture in spreadsheets,with case studies

One of the most important tasks in eScience is capturing the provenance of data. While scientists frequently use off-the-shelf analysis tools to process and manipulate data, current provenance techniques such as those based on scientific workflows are typically not able to trace internal data manipulations that occur within these tools. In this paper, we focus on one such off-the-shelf tool, MS Excel, which is used by many scientists; specifically, we propose InSituTrac, an automated in situ provenance approach for spreadsheet data in Excel. Our framework captures data provenance unobtrusively in the background, allows for user annotations, provides undo/redo functionality at various levels of granularity, presents the captured provenance in an accessible format, and visualizes captured provenance to support analysis of the provenance log. We highlight several motivating use case scenarios which show how provenance queries can be answered by our approach. Finally, case studies with an atmospheric science research group and a fisheries research group suggest that the automated provenance approach is both efficient and useful to scientists.     

客户端视角下的WebGIS开发框架研究

地理信息系统(GIS)网络服务存在异构、功能不同、标准不一等问题。为此,提出一种客户端视角下的网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)开发框架。从消费服务的角度重新梳理GIS网络服务的分类,设计对应的数据和服务模型,解决WebGIS开发中多服务、多终端、多技术的问题。通过实际的应用案例,证明该分类方法和开发框架的可行性与实用性。     

一种基于ActiveX和Web Service的电力系统WebGIS的设计与实现

Web GIS是当前GIS应用领域的一个研究热点,通过Web GIS克服了传统桌面GIS应用局限,使得GIS应用具有真正的信息共享,巨大的扩展空间。提出了一种基于ActiveX控件和Web Service的Web GIS实现方案,并详细叙述了该方案各部分实现的关键技术。与传统的Web GIS结构相比,文章提出了一种胖客户端的实现,提高了用户的体验。     

Sharing engineering design knowledge in a distributed environment

Engineering design is a complex activity, relying heavily on know-how gained from personal experience. Competitive pressures and new technology are making further demands on the skills and experience of designers, as effective knowledge reuse in design is seen as increasingly vital, and the work of design teams is often a collaborative and distributed activity. University students with a thorough knowledge of the engineering domain can be ill prepared for professional practice, with its increasing reliance on skills and know-how as well as knowledge of theory. Our approach aims to better prepare students for professional practice, through hands-on experience of design reuse, participation in distributed collaboration, and the development of presentation and documentation skills. Our case-study in the domain of modelling engineering systems, in which the course materials themselves are evolving and distributed, has ramifications for the publication model of educational materials, and the way students should be prepared for working life.     

Application Feasibility Analysis of Block Chain Technology in Geospatial Data Sharing

Geospatial data sharing as a significant component of geoscience research. It is also an important means to exploit geoscience data and avoid repeated collection of geospatial data. It is an essential foundation for modern data-intensive geoscience research. Therefore, how to break the geospatial data “island” and realize different geoscience data portable access, secure data security, and promote geospatial data author copyright are urgent problems in geospatial data sharing. The rise of blockchain technology has brought new possibilities for the expansion of the value of geospatial data, the enhancement of data security and the improvement of the protection of the rights of stakeholders in geospatial data. Based on the systematic review of the status quo of data sharing, existing problems, basic principles of blockchain, underlying architecture, characteristics and application status, this paper discusses the application feasibility of blockchain technology in geospatial data sharing, and expounds the application challenges of blockchain technology in geospatial data sharing, in order to provide reference for the research and application of blockchain in geospatial data sharing.     

Improving privacy in health care with an ontology-based provenance management system

Provenanc refers to the origin of information. Therefore, provenance is the metadata that record the history of data. As provenance is the derivation history of an object starting from its original source, the provenance information is used to analyse processes that are performed on an object and to track by whom these processes are performed. Thus, provenance shows the trustworthiness and quality of data. In a provenance management system in order to verify the trustworthy of provenance information, security needs must be also fulfilled. In this work, an ontology-based privacy-aware provenance management model is proposed. The proposed model is based on the Open Provenance Model, which is a common model for provenance. The proposed model aims to detect privacy violations, to reduce privacy risks by using permissions and prohibitions, and also to query the provenance data. The proposed model is implemented with Semantic Web technologies and demonstrated for the health care domain in order to preserve patients' privacy. Also, an infectious disease ontology and a vaccination ontology are integrated to the system in order to track the patients' vaccination history, to improve the quality of medical processes, the reliability of medical data, and the decision making in the health care domain.     

基于元数据的军械保障信息资源共享服务研究

针对军械保障领域内不同信息系统之间的异构问题和元数据的特点,提出了基于元数据的WebService资源共享解决方案．设计了一种SXML统一中间信息格式,作为信息交换调用的桥梁,将JDBC和JDOM应用于信息包装器和信息解析器的设计,实现了异构信息的交换．     

Agent-as-a-service-based geospatial service aggregation in the cloud: A case study of flood response

An Agent-as-a-Service (AaaS)-based geospatial service aggregation is proposed to build a more efficient, robust and intelligent geospatial service system in the Cloud for flood emergency response. It involves an AaaS infrastructure, encompassing the mechanisms and algorithms for geospatial Web Processing Service (WPS) generation, geoprocessing and aggregation. The method has the following advantages: 1) it allows separately hosted services and data to work together, avoiding transfers of large volumes of spatial data over the network; 2) it enriches geospatial service resources in the distributed environment by utilizing the agent cloning, migration and service regeneration capabilities of the AaaS, solving issues associated with lack of geospatial services to a certain extent; 3) it enables the migration of services to target nodes to finish a task, strengthening decentralization and enhancing the robustness of geospatial service aggregation; and 4) it helps domain experts and authorities solve interdisciplinary emergency issues using various Agent-generated geospatial services.     

基于Web Service的WebGIS系统的研究

WebGIS作为网络技术和GIS技术的结合点,在近几年得到了飞速的发展和应用。WebService的出现,彻底改变了在Web上进行软件设计的方法,也引起了WebGIS实现体系的变革。该文详细阐述了WebService的理论和体系以及利用WebService技术提供地理服务的方式,对国内外采用WebService技术的研究进行了总结,给出了利用WebService实现WebGIS的总体框架。     

Service-oriented applications for environmental models: Reusable geospatial services

Environmental modelling often requires a long iterative process of sourcing, reformatting, analyzing, and introducing various types of data into the model. Much of the data to be analyzed are geospatial data—digital terrain models (DTM), river basin boundaries, snow cover from satellite imagery, etc.—and so the modelling workflow typically involves the use of multiple desktop GIS and remote sensing software packages, with limited compatibility among them. Recent advances in service-oriented architectures (SOA) are allowing users to migrate from dedicated desktop solutions to on-line, loosely coupled, and standards-based services which accept source data, process them, and pass results as basic parameters to other intermediate services and/or then to the main model, which also may be made available on-line. This contribution presents a service-oriented application that addresses the issues of data accessibility and service interoperability for environmental models. Key model capabilities are implemented as geospatial services, which are combined to form complex services, and may be reused in other similar contexts. This work was carried out under the auspices of the AWARE project funded by the European programme Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES). We show results of the service-oriented application applied to alpine runoff models, including the use of geospatial services facilitating discovery, access, processing and visualization of geospatial data in a distributed manner.     

县域地理空间信息平台电子地图发布与共享的方法

电子地图在县域地理空间信息平台的建设中具有重要作用。在分析传统电子地图发布主要以文件集的形式存储于服务器的不足基础上,探讨县域地理空间信息平台将电子地图以分布形式部署到各节点服务器中,利用瓦片金字塔技术来实现县域地理空间信息平台电子地图的网络发布,以达到电子地图的快速浏览和分节点存储数据的目的。通过地图瓦片、网络服务、地理信息服务技术,建立县域地理空间信息平台电子地图服务,为平台电子地图的数据发布与共享提供技术思路。     

一种电子政务数据交换模型的设计

首先介绍了XML技术在电子政务数据交换中的应用以及Web Service技术在应用集成中的作用。然后分析了现有电子政务数据交换产品的工作原理,在得出现有电子政务数据交换产品的局限性基础上,提出了基于XML与Web Service相结合的电子政务数据交换模型。该模型采用基于角色的访问控制实现Web Service的安全访问,并实现了全自动的数据校验和数据交换。     

THREDDS与CS/W地理空间目录服务的互操作研究

CS/W是开放式地理信息协会（OGC）所制定的地理空间信息目录服务规范,它被广泛应用于空间信息,土地科学等研究领域之中。THREDDS是由UNIDATA开发的空间数据发布查询网络服务系统,其元数据目录服务范围集中于气象、海洋等领域。当前地理信息数据共享与互操作日益重要,然而CS/W和THREDDS之间的这种跨公共团体、跨协议的地理信息互操作研究成果还十分缺乏。针对两者协议之间所存在的互操作障碍进行分析,对比研究了OGC地理空间与气象海洋两个公共团体之间的目录元数据服务CS/W和THREDDS的差异性,提出了信息模型转换的方法与思路,进行了元数据的语义映射,并在此基础之上设计开发了一款连接两者的中间件Ingestor系统,从而有效的增强两者之间的互操作性,促进了跨协议、跨公共团体的目录服务之间的共享。     

Multi-layer optimization in service-oriented sensor grid

Sensor devices such as video cameras, infrared sensors and microphones are being widely exploited in grid application. The paper deals with multi-layer optimization in service oriented sensor grid to optimize utility function of sensor grid, subject to resource constraints at resource layer, service composition constraints at service layer and user preferences constraints at application layer respectively. The multi-layer optimization problem can be decomposed into three subproblems: sensor grid resource allocation problem, service composing problem, and user satisfaction degree maximization problem, all of which interact through the optimal variables for capacities of sensor grid resources and service demand. The proposed algorithm decomposes global sensor grid optimization problem into a sequence of three sub-problems at three layers via an iterative algorithm. The simulations are conducted to validate the efficiency of the multi-layer optimization algorithm. The experiments compare the performance of the multi-layer global optimization approach with application layer local optimization and resource layer local optimization approach respectively.     

TinySOA: a service-oriented architecture for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks provide the means for gathering vast amounts of data from physical phenomena, and as such they are being used for applications such as precision agriculture, habitat monitoring, and others. However, there is a need to provide higher level abstractions for the development of applications, since accessing the data from wireless sensor networks currently implies dealing with very low-level constructs. We propose TinySOA, a service- oriented architecture that allows programmers to access wireless sensor networks from their applications by using a simple service-oriented API via the language of their choice. We show an implementation of TinySOA and the results of an experiment where programmers developed an application that exemplifies how easy Internet applications can integrate sensor networks.

Nonintrusive collection and management of data provenance in scientific workflows

In this paper, we introduce an efficient mechanism to collect, store, and retrieve data provenance information in workflows of multiphysics simulations. Using notifications, we enable the nonintrusive collection of information about workflow events during workflow execution. Combining these events with workflow structure information, constant for every execution of a workflow, we obtain the data provenance information for the specific run of the workflow. Data provenance information is structured into a graph that represents workflow events on the basis of their causal dependency. We use a graph database to store this graph and utilize the traversal framework provided, to efficiently retrieve data provenance information from the graph by traversing backwards from a data object to every workflow event that is part of its provenance. Finally, we integrate data provenance information with semantics of workflow services to provide complete and meaningful data provenance information. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Establishing a sustainable and cross-boundary geospatial cyberinfrastructure to enable polar research

Polar Regions become increasingly important as places for (1) natural resources, (2) sensitive indicators of human activities and global, environment, and climate changes, (3) preserving histories of the Earth and biological evolution, and (4) space-Earth interactions and answers to many other 21st century challenges. To facilitate the research, exploration, and development for better understanding, utilizing, and protecting the Polar Regions, a Geospatial CyberInfrastructure (GCI) is needed to help us collect data, integrate information gathered or data in real time from in situ and satellite sensors, and model the geophysical, biological, ecological, and social phenomena to provide better decision support information for policymakers. This special issue of GCI and polar research captures the recent advancements in polar research and the requirements for a GCI. Through a rigorous review process, four papers were selected based on their relationships to polar research and their scientific/technical merits. This paper is a review that surveys the field, introduces the selected papers, and discusses future research.     

基于Web的科学数据可视化在数据共享中的应用

从数据可视化处理的角度出发,对黑河流域e-Science生态-水文数据共享平台中的所有数据按其各自特点进行归类,大致分为矢量数据、栅格数据、自动气象站观测数据(AWS)、通量数据(FLUX)、普通文档数据和图片数据6种类型;然后通过比较研究,最终选择开源的WebGIS地图发布工具MapServer、基于Flash的Web图表曲线工具Amcharts、开源文档工具OpenOffice/unoconv以及数据格式转换工具SWFTools等制作对应的可视化处理模块,实现科学数据共享平台中多种类型单体数据的Web可视化和数据集的Web可视化,并完成一个实际应用系统。