多元综合好氧堆肥工艺在城市污泥处置工程中的应用

结合厦门市海沧污泥堆肥厂的工程设计和同安污泥堆肥试验厂的生产运行,介绍了多元综合好氧堆肥工艺处置城市污泥的工艺特点、主要设计参数、技术经济指标、试运行情况等.该工艺具有投资省、成本低、高效、安全等特点,是一种技术先进的污泥资源化利用工艺.     

环首都经济圈水资源合理配置与评估

河北省环首都经济圈对于加速形成以首都中心城市带动、区域中心城市支撑、点面协同发展的京津冀一体化有着重要意义,按照环首都经济圈总体规划,实现其跨越式发展,水资源的支撑和保障能力将面临严峻挑战。本文在区域水资源情势分析的基础上,对当地的地表水、地下水和外调水进行多水源的联合调配,从水资源开发利用率及其变异系数对环首都经济圈区县优化配置结果分析表明,研究提出的区域水资源配置方案对于提高环首都区域供水保障程度、支撑环首都经济圈的快速发展可提供科学支撑.     

Dynamic of lead speciation in sewage sludge composting.

A large-scale sewage sludge composting experiment was conducted to develop an understanding of changes that occur to Pb chemical speciation, distribution and bio-availability during the course of composting. The four-stage Tessier sequential extraction method was employed to investigate the dynamics of heavy metal Pb speciation (exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bound to organic matter and sulphides, residual) during the course of sewage sludge composting. The concentrations of the total Pb and the five Pb fractions concentrations were increased during the whole stage of compost. However, the percentages of Pb distribution with respect to total Pb were changed in the following manner: exchangeable, bound to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to carbonates Pb with respect to total Pb were increased, while the percentages of bound to organic matter and sulphides, and residual Pb with respect to total Pb were decreased during composting. The data showed that the quantity of Pb in the less toxic portion, such as consisting of organic matter and sulphides bound and residual Pb, was increased, and that the contamination and bio-availability of heavy metal Pb in sewage sludge was reduced during the composting process.     

水厂分布式网络控制系统研究与开发

文中主要讨论上海某水厂自控系统在控制系统设计所涉及到的内容,介绍了水厂控制系统的总体规划,按控制系统的原水泵房,加药间分控站,滤池分控站,排泥水处理分控站四个方面详细阐述了这些控制系统具体功能的实现方法。     

Municipal sludge management and disposal in South Korea: status and a new sustainable approach.

Based on figures from 2002, 5216 ton/d of the municipal sludge is produced from 184 large municipal wastewater treatment plants in 111 cities with total treatment capacity of 19,229,745 m3/d. Even though the large amount of sludge disposal has depended greatly on ocean disposal and landfills until recently, the fraction of sludge reuse has gradually increased from 2.7% to 7%, since 1991. Due to a need of resources recovery from the sludge, high cost requirement of incineration and legislative regulation, recent new research is mainly focused on resources recovery and its reuse from the municipal sludge, such as high performance acid fermenter with pathogen reduction, crystallization (struvite and hydroxyapatite) using waste lime, cofermentation of municipal sludge with food waste, aerobic composting with P crystallization, vermistabilization, lime treatment, etc. Current research and practical activities with some efforts for the new technical development as well as environmental law and regulation are reviewed.     

Co-conditioning and dewatering of alum sludge and waste activated sludge.

Co-conditioning and dewatering behaviors of alum sludge and waste activated sludge were investigated. Two different sludges were mixed at various ratios (2:1; 1:1; 1:2; 1:4) for study. Capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were utilized to assess sludge dewaterability. Relatively speaking, waste activated sludge, though of higher solid content, was more difficult to be dewatered than alum sludge. It was found that sludge dewaterability and settlability became better with increasing fraction of alum sludge in the mixed sludge. Dosage required of the cationic polyelectrolyte (KP-201C) for dewatering was reduced as well. It is proposed that alum sludge acts as skeleton builder in the mixed sludge, and renders the mixed sludge more incompressible which is beneficial for sludge dewatering. Implications of the results of the study to the sludge management plan for Taipei City that generates both alum sludge and waste activated sludge at significant amount are also discussed. The current sludge treatment and disposal plan in Metropolitan Taipei could be made more cost-effective.     

污泥堆肥土地利用对土壤环境及高羊茅特性的影响

结合北京市污泥堆肥土地利用现状．研究了污泥堆肥对土壤环境及高羊茅（Festuca arundinace。）的影响。旨在为北京市污泥堆肥用于高羊茅园林生产提供理论依据,促进资源再利用。研究结果表明．施用污泥堆肥增加了高羊茅栽植小区土壤养分含量,特别是土壤中有机质含量增加明显,与空白对照相比增加了43．9％～73．2％,对土壤养分状况具有一定的改良效果;施用污泥堆肥后,高羊茅栽植小区土壤中重金属含量虽有不同程度的增加。但均远低于相关标准限值．且土壤重金属污染综合指数小于土壤安全限值0．7．表明种植小区土壤未受到重金属污染：施用污泥堆肥对高羊茅生长具有一定的促进作用．与空白对照相比．高羊茅总生物量增长率为16．7％～50．0％。综合分析试验结果,确定污泥堆肥用于高羊茅的适宜施用量为2kg／m^2。     

粪便与厨余垃圾地埋式处理工艺研究

根据单元小试数据,设计了一套粪便与厨余垃圾的现场处理工艺,整个系统包括真空收集、固形物的厌氧消化、消化污泥的造粒制肥、混合污水的厌氧-好氧处理等单元,实现了粪便及厨余垃圾的源头收集,现场处理,同时可产出菌肥等产品。     

Development of the South African wastewater sludge guidelines.

The new South African Wastewater Sludge Guideline Series will replace the document entitled: "Permissible Utilisation and Disposal of Sewage Sludge, Edition 1, 1997" which deals with application of sewage sludge to land. The new guideline series will be published as 5 volumes: Volume 1: Management Options for the Use or Disposal of Wastewater Sludge, Volume 2: Requirements for the agricultural use of wastewater sludge, Volume 3: Requirements for the on site and off-site disposal of wastewater sludge, Volume 4: Requirements for the use of wastewater sludge in the production of commercial products, Volume 5: Requirements for the incineration of wastewater sludge, We envisage that Volumes 1 and 2 will be published at the time of the conference and that work has begun on Volume 3, 4 and 5. The paper aims to communicate the major differences between the previous sludge guidelines and these new sludge guideline series. For example, the paper details the new wastewater sludge classification system and the requirements for the characterisation of the sludge for classification purposes. The paper will also explain the approach followed in the development of Volume 1 and 2 and will elaborate on the proposed approach for Volumes 3, 4 and 5.     

北京市防汛应急预案编制工作思考

防汛预案的编制、修订、完善是一项基础性、系统性工作,与防汛抗旱的其他各项工作密切相关,历年来是各级防汛部门、水利部门提前部署、狠抓落实的重点之一.北京市防汛应急预案的编制工作本着立足现实、针对问题、面向未来、加强保障的方针,从预案的可操作性、实用性、系统性、联动性、前瞻性入手,将预案的编制工作纳入正规化、规范化和制度化建设的轨道,为快速建立北京市的防汛应急预案体系奠定了基础.     

溶解氧对低负荷CAST 工艺除磷效果的影响

结合北京市某污水处理厂CAST工艺的运行情况,考察了DO对除磷及污泥性质的影响.研究表明选择区的厌氧状态很重要.处理低浓度污水时,主区DO对污泥的活性和污泥含磷量有影响,较低的DO有利于提高污泥的活性和含磷量,从而提高除磷率.     

白龙港污水处理厂生物处理污泥产量分析与预测

准确了解城市污水处理厂的污泥产量,不仅对污水处理厂的运行管理有指导意义,也有利于后续污泥的处理与处置。对上海白龙港污水处理厂生物处理工艺污泥产量的设计值、实际运行值进行计算,分析不同污泥产量计算方法的特点。并对重新启用初沉池后污泥产量的变化进行了详细的测算和分析,结果表明,重新启用初沉池后污泥产量比超越初沉运行时有所减少,减轻了后续污泥处置负荷。     

Relevant approach to assess performances of wastewater biosolids composting in terms of micropollutants removal

The presence of organic pollutants in wastewater biosolids and their possible impact to the environment contribute to decrease interest for the agricultural spreading of biosolids. It is thus important to have a better overview of sewage sludge quality in terms of organic pollutant content and ecotoxicity assessment. It is also necessary to better understand the impact of biosolid composting processes on the pollutant and toxicity removal. Therefore, concentrations of oestrogens (E), nonyphenol ethoxylates (NPE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and linear alkyl benzene sulphonates (LAS) and some of their associated toxic effects were determined at different stages of a composting process using, respectively, chemical analysis and in vitro bioassays (estrogen receptor alpha, dioxin receptor and pregnan X receptor reporter cell lines). Pollutants concentrations were higher in the final compost than in biosolid due to dry matter reduction through composting. Mass balance calculation shows a positive impact of the aerobic treatment on the removal of the most degradable pollutants. The three toxicological activities were measured in both biosolids and in the initial and final compost: oestrogenic activity increased whereas dioxin-like and pregnan X activities decreased. The difficulty in correlating chemical and toxicological results underlines the importance of combining both approaches in order to improve the assessment of the compost quality.     

城市污泥中氮磷在壤土和砂土中的淋溶实验研究

研究探讨了壤土和砂土上施用城市污泥对地下水中氮和磷的影响。以北京市高碑店污水处理厂的生污泥和庞各庄堆肥厂的堆肥作为土壤施加的污泥源,采用自制土柱淋溶模型的方法研究壤土和砂土上施用不同污泥量时灌水对土柱中pH、氮、磷的淋出情况,测定分析淋滤液中的pH值、总氮和总磷。实验设计4种处理,分别为污泥施用量占土壤干重的0(不施污泥,对照处理)、2%、4%和6%。实验结果表明:淋滤液的pH值显著变低;总氮和总磷以波动方式逐渐降低,并随淋洗次数的增多逐渐低于空白对照水平,而且壤土和砂土中淋滤液的变化规律不同。污泥添加2%时淋滤液氮磷含量最低,堆肥添加4%时淋滤液氮磷含量最低。污泥施用到壤土和砂土上,适量时不会造成地下水氮磷的污染,同时有益于土壤养分的保持,减少养分流失。     

上海曲阳污水处理厂改造工艺及应用

针对上海曲阳污水处理厂达标改造工程的特点和要求,对污水处理工艺采用具有自主知识产权的双污泥脱氮除磷处理技术(PASF)、污泥处理和生物滤池臭气处理方案、工艺流程和设计参数进行介绍,对工程实施和运行情况进行分析,为全国污水处理厂达标改造提供参考.     

基于污水排放量分配的中国水资源利用效率测算

基于数据包络分析模型测算了中国2004—2016年的水资源利用效率,分析了污水排放量的分配方案。结果表明:各省级行政区水资源利用效率存在较大差异,北京、天津和上海的效率最高,而新疆、青海和宁夏的效率最低;对东中西三大区域来说,东部地区的水资源利用效率最高,中部次之,西部最低;水资源利用效率较高的地区可以承担更多的污水排放量,反之则需要削减污水排放量;水资源利用效率较低的地区应当向水资源利用效率较高的地区学习先进的节水和减排技术,实现控制污水排放量和水资源使用量的双重目标。     

3种用水量预测方法在京津冀地区的适用性比较

本文比较了年增长率法、自回归模型法和灰色神经网络法3种常用的用水量预测方法在京津冀地区年用水量预测中的适用性,基于优选的方法对京津冀2019-2025年的年用水量进行了预测.结果表明,北京、天津和河北省1997-2018年的年用水量呈现不同的变化趋势:北京和天津的年用水量呈先减少后增加的非线性变化趋势,而河北省的年用水...     

Partial ozonation of activated sludge to reduce excess sludge, improve denitrification and control scumming and bulking.

Disposal of sewage sludge is forbidden and agricultural use of stabilized sludge will be banned in 2005 in Switzerland. The sludge has to be dewatered, dried, incinerated and the ashes disposed in landfills. These processes are cost intensive and lead also to the loss of valuable phosphate resources incorporated in the sludge ash. The implementation of processes that could reduce excess sludge production and recycle phosphate is therefore recommended. Partial ozonation of the return sludge of an activated sludge system reduces significantly excess sludge production, improves settling properties of the sludge and reduces bulking and scumming. The solubilized COD will also improve denitrification if the treated sludge is recycled to the anoxic zone. But ozonation will partly inhibit and kill nitrifiers and might therefore lead to a decrease of the effective solid retention time of the nitrifier, which reduces the safety of the nitrification. This paper discusses the effect of ozonation on sludge reduction, the operation stability of nitrification, improvement of denitrification and gives also an energy and cost evaluation.     

The Ruhrverband sewage sludge disposal concept in the conflict between European and German standards and regulations.

The Ruhrverband, acting as a water association responsible for integrated water resources management within the entire natural river basin of the Ruhr, operates a network of 83 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and connected sludge disposal facilities. According to German regulations, the disposal of sewage sludge containing more than 5% of organic dry solids will be prohibited as of 1 June 2005. In Germany, the only future alternative to incineration will be the agricultural utilization of sludge. However, this way of sludge disposal is presently the subject of critical discussions in Germany because of the organic and inorganic toxic substances, which may be contained in sewage sludge, despite the fact that very stringent standards are to be met by agricultural uses. On the other hand, application of sewage sludge to agricultural land is explicitly supported by the European Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC. In the face of this controversial situation the Ruhrverband has initiated, in 2000, the development of a comprehensive and sustainable sludge and waste disposal concept for all wastewater facilities it operates in the entire Ruhr River Basin. The concept includes de-central sludge digestion and dewatering and subsequent transport to two central sludge incineration plants. It is expected that in future not more than 5% of all sludges produced in Ruhrverband's WWTPs will be used in agriculture. That means, the major part of 95% will have to be incinerated.     

Stability and activity of anaerobic sludge from UASB reactors treating sewage in subtropical regions.

The production of small amounts of well-stabilized biological sludge is one of the main advantages of upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors over aerobic wastewater treatment systems. In this work, sludge produced in three pilot-scale UASB reactors used to treat sewage under subtropical conditions was assessed for both stability and specific methanogenic activity. Stability of primary sludge from settling tanks and digested sludge from conventional sludge digesters was also measured for comparison purposes. Kinetic parameters like the hydrolysis rate constant and the decay rate constant were calculated. High stability was observed in sludge from UASB reactors. Methanogenic activity in anaerobic sludges was relatively low, probably due to the low organic matter concentration in influent sewage. Knowledge on sludge growth rate, stability, and activity might be very useful to optimize sludge management activities in full-scale UASB reactors.