有机硅乳液稳定性的研究

以阳离子型乳液聚合为例，详细讨论了聚合反应因素及环境因素对环氧改性有机硅乳液稳定性的影响。结果表明：在聚合反应温度为65℃、催化剂的用量为总加料量的0．3％～0．5％、硅烷偶联剂的用量为D4质量的3％～5％、乳化剂用量为总加料量的10％、阳／非离子型乳化剂的质量比为1．5～1．8、D4与水的质量比为0．3～0．4条件下，制得的环氧改性有机硅乳液稳定性良好；采取急冷的方式中止聚合反应，并以醋酸中和至pH值为6～7，有利于环氧改性有机硅乳液稳定性的提高。     

甲基叔丁基醚与苯酚合成叔丁基苯酚的研制

在确定催化剂加入量和MTBE加料速度的情况下，当甲基叔丁基醚与苯酚的摩尔比为2：1，反应温度为130～150℃时，甲基叔丁基醚与苯酚烷基化能得到选择性为61．90％～65．30％、纯度高于99％的对叔丁基苯酚；选择性为33．60％～36．40％、纯度高于99％的2，4-叔丁基苯酚。     

SO24-/ZrO2-TiO2复合催化剂的制备及其在烷基糖苷合成中的应用

采用复合固体超强酸催化剂一步法合成了烷基糖苷(APG),确定了催化剂制备的较佳工艺条件：500℃～550℃下焙烧,H2SO4浸渍液浓度为0．5mol／L～0．55mol／L,EDTA加入量为催化剂用量的5％(合成中催化剂用量为m(催化剂)：m(葡萄糖)=0．015：1～0．020：1)。合成反应约3．5h,糖苷得率可达150％以上,所得产品外观淡黄色,D．P=1．46,cmc=0．0065％,具有良好发泡性能,泡沫稳定性为82．2％(1h)。催化剂制作容易,可重复使用5次。     

阻燃剂二溴新戊二醇的合成工艺研究

研究了在惰性溶剂存在下，用季戊溴化氢反应制备二溴新戊二醇的工艺中，催化剂、加料速度、分水时间等因素对产率的影响。并给出适宜的反应条件如下：用碳原子个数小于１０的羧酸作催化剂，用量为２．１－３．３％，加料速度比为３：１－４：１，分水时间为１．５－３．０ｈ，总的反应时间为７－１３ｈ，产率可达８０％以上。     

以SnO/ZnO为催化剂合成油酸正丁酯

研究了以SnO／ZnO为催化剂合成油酸正丁酯，优化的工艺条件为：催化剂中ZnO含量为0．04～0．05，催化剂用量为1．0％（占总投料量质量分数），酸醇投料比n油酸：n丁醇为1：1．6，反应温度140～145℃，反应时间1．0h，产品收率达95％以上，催化剂可重复使用4次，再生容易。     

氨基磺酸催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯

研究了以氨基磺酸为催化剂催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯。优化反应条件如下：醇酸摩尔比为1：3．5，催化剂用量为1．6g(当对羟基苯甲酸用量为0．1mol时)，反应温度为135～140℃，反应时间3．0h，对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的产率为95．4％。催化剂易回收，可循环使用，不污染环境。     

大粒径丁苯胶乳的合成研究

合成了大粒径丁苯胶乳(SBR)，研究了乳化剂、引发剂、固含量、电解质及单体加入方式对丁苯胶乳粒径的影响。结果表明：乳化剂用量、固含量、电解质用量及单体加入方式是控制SBR粒径大小的关键性因素，当乳化剂用量为1．6％～2．4％，引发剂用量低于0．25％，电解质用量为1．5％～2．0％，固含量为50％～55％时，可建立稳定的乳液体系，合成粒经在260～300nm的丁苯胶乳；采用种子半连续加料方式有利于增大SBR的粒径。     

复合固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2-／ZrO2-TiO2一步法合成烷基糖苷研究

采用复合固体超强酸催化剂SO4^2-／ZrO2-TiO2一步法合成了烷基糖苷（ARC），合成最佳工艺条件为：n（月桂醇）：n（葡萄糖）=4．5：1，m（催化剂）：m（葡萄糖）=（0．015-0．020）：1，反应温度120℃，压力4．5—5．5kPa。反应时间约3．5h，糖苷得率150％以上，催化剂可重复使用5次。所得产品平均聚合度DP=1．46，CMC=0．0065％，具有良好的发泡性能，泡沫稳定性82．2％（1h）。     

快速发展无毒柠檬酸三丁酯的生产和应用

采用柠檬酸和正丁醇在复合催化剂存在的情况下，合成了柠檬酸三丁酯。酯化反应的最佳条件为：n（正丁醇）：n（柠檬酸）为3．5：1．反应温度100～130℃，催化剂用量为柠檬酸质量的0．8％．反应时间2．8h。酯化率达到99．4％以上，产品纯度大于99．5％；同时对柠檬酸三丁酯的性质及用途进行了介绍。     

催化加氢制备氢化蓖麻油的研究

通过正交试验筛选出适合蓖麻油加氢的催化剂及相应的工艺条件。与传统的加氢反应相比，该催化剂的反应条件温和，加氢反应的活性和选择性高。该催化剂是铜镍二元催化剂，采用硅藻土为载体。适宜的铜镍摩尔比为5：l，载体量为40％，催化剂用量为0．8％，在0．8MPa、150℃下反应4h～6h，所得氢化蓖麻油的羟价155．6mg／g，碘价3．05mg／g。催化剂的重复试验和回用试验证明了开发的催化剂具有实际应用价值。粗产品经4％～5％活性炭处理后，色泽(Klette)≤3。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。