浅谈构成艺术在景观设计中的应用

介绍了构成艺术的起源与发展,分析了构成艺术的实质,从统一与变化、对比与协调、节奏与韵律、对称与平衡、比例与次序多方面探讨了构成艺术在景观设计中的应用方式,从而为景观设计提供丰富的视觉体验。     

对基于工作过程的电子设计自动化(EDA)课程的优化

本文紧密联系高职高专教育技术应用型职业技能培养的要求,从课程地位与作用、教学改革与建设、教材选用与处理、教学方法与手段、教学过程与评价等五个方面,介绍了电子设计自动化(EDA)课程的优化,并探讨了优化思路,提出了具体措施,给出了经验做法,初步建立了基于工作过程的课程优化体系。     

班级微信群在中学班级管理中的有效应用

班级微信平台是家校共育的一种良好手段,它是学校教育顺应时代发展的产物,它的出现解决了学校与家庭在传统交流方式上的局限性,克服了空间与时间上的种种限制,拉近了班主任与家长、班主任与学生、家长与学生之间的距离,搭建了心灵与心灵交流的桥梁,塑造了新型的家校关系、师生关系、亲子关系。     

水源热泵的应用及相关问题

本文介绍了水源热泵的概念与工作原理,并在能源利用方面与锅炉与空气源热泵进行了对比;介绍了各种水源、水处理技术、打井技术、回灌技术,指出了系统在方案设计与使公众的一些问题.     

济青高速公路南线路堑协调性设计与施工效果分析

为了处理好公路发展与环境保护的矛盾,使公路建设与生态环境和谐统一,总结了济青南线路堑协调性设计与施工的创新做法,采用了动态设计方法,通过放缓边坡、降低坡高、减少工程防护、灵活调整开挖线、弱化人工痕迹、调整边坡景观敏感度、舒缓过渡边坡坡度、实施植被自然恢复、优化排水设施等措施,改善了路堑与环境的协调性。同时,还指出了普遍存在的路堑与地形、路界内绿化与路界外绿化的协调性问题。     

试论矿山环境治理绩效预测方法的选择

首先分析了矿山环境治理绩效预测的传统预测方法,对其中的细化方法进行了细化研究,将经济技术分析研究法、物元研究法、聚类分析法、OPSIS法、据网络包分析法的应用情况与优缺点进行了具体阐述,接着对灰色综合型评价与预测方式与糊综合型评判与预测方法进行了阐述与讲解,对与今后矿山环境治理绩效预测方法的选择提供了参考与借鉴。     

互联网与电子商务对我国传统行业的影响与改变

随着互联网技术的飞速发展,进一步推进了电子商务的成熟与完善,也极大扩展了电子商务的服务类型和应用范围。阐述了互联网与电子商务对我国图书音像出版业、旅游业、电信业、餐饮业、房地产业和保险业等传统行业与相关企业的影响与改变,分析了电子商务的应用与发展所带来的积极作用。     

建筑防水体系的因素关联和辩证关系

以系统论的分析方法,阐述了建筑防水体系的相关因子及其相互关系,尤其对结构与材料、抗与放、排与防、刚与柔、防水层与节点等辩证关系进行了分析。     

新乡土建筑的一次诠释--关于天台博物馆的对谈

本文记录了支文军与王路关于天台博物馆的对话,讨论了相关的传统与创新、本土性与国际性、地域与环境、空间与形态、材料与形式等问题,以及对当代新乡土建筑的一些思考。     

木之建构——性能化与自动化实践

运算化设计方法与数控加工技术赋予了木构新的生命,用机器人实现木构的加工与组装成为新的范式。木之建构,既是对空间、结构、材料等传统课题的再思考,又推动了最新的数字化方法与制造技术。讨论了木构中点、线、面元素的多重角色,包括其空间性能、结构力学性能、构造性能。木构的性能化与自动化实践将空间设计、结构分析与优化、细部构造设计、加工与建造统一起来。     

材料的重要性

《材料的重要性》是《景观设计理论》的一段节选。《景观设计理论》旨在不使用专业术语或其他领域假说的前提下,结合景观设计过程向学生介绍内在理论思想。《材料的重要性》是本书的五章之一。每一章针对特定理论,解释了其基础和来源,探讨了它对设计的重要性,列举了20—21世纪与其相关的设计案例,整理了该理论的辩论(尤其是有关现代和后现代思想),最后还有相关阅读材料清单和需要学生们思考的问题。本文分为如下3个部分：第一部分,物质性,介绍“辩证唯物主义”“媒介即信息”“物质实践”和“编码”等理论及其在设计中的运用;第二部分,通过“建构表达”“地貌代理人策略”“石材的面层”“材料的暗示”“人造,但不是伪造”等理论,介绍材料的真实性及其在设计中的运用;第三部分,复写理论及应用,包括“剩余物”“复写的展示性”“未来的复写”和“虚构的复写”等内容。     

Use of iodide to enhance the phytoextraction of mercury-contaminated soil

Low bioavailability of mercury (Hg) in soil is a restricting factor in phytoextraction of Hg-contaminated soil. Iodide is known to mobilize Hg in soil and, therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility to use iodide to increase phytoextraction of Hg. The sensitivity of willow to iodide was investigated in both hydroponics with 0-10 mM KI and in soil with 0.2 and 1 mM KI addition. The capacity to accumulate HgI(2) was compared with that of Hg(NO(3))(2) in hydroponics. Soil extractions with 0-2 mM KI were used to study mobilization of Hg in aged Hg-spiked soil. Additions of KI (0.2-1 mM) were used in pot tests with aged Hg-spiked soil as well as in field trials in an industrial Hg-contaminated soil to study whether iodide addition increased the accumulation of Hg from contaminated soil and the translocation of Hg to the shoots. The total Hg contents in plants, soils and extracts were analyzed by CVAAS. The results showed that too high KI concentration was toxic to plants. Moreover, KI was toxic to plants at lower concentrations in hydroponics than in soil additions. KI (85 microM) in hydroponics gave 50% growth decrease in terms of dry weight of shoot biomass, whereas 0.2 mM KI in soil addition could be tolerated by the plant without growth disturbance. Willow accumulated Hg from HgI(2) solution slower than that from Hg(NO(3))(2) solution. KI mobilized Hg in contaminated soil and thereby increased the bioavailability of Hg in soil. Up to 1 mM KI addition increased the Hg concentrations to about 5, 3 and 8 times, respectively, in the leaves, branches and roots. However, the Hg translocation to the shoots did not show an increase with KI addition. Only less than 1% of the total Hg accumulated in the plant was distributed in the shoots. We may conclude that iodide addition enhances the phytoextraction of Hg, however, the translocation of Hg to the shoots is still too low and therefore it will not be realistic to use this method for phytoextraction of Hg-contaminated soil in practice.     

Afterword—gendering religious objects: placing them as agents in matrices of power

ABSTRACT

The articles in this special issue demonstrate how objects can be interpreted as agents, as gendered images that make a statement, and how their impacts can be understood and assessed by human actors. They are differentially placed in matrices of power, and they can be manipulated to shift genders, to play with gendered combinations, to expand the limits of a particular gendered domain, to creatively play with reproductive imagery, and even to sell commodities in new and enticing ways in the mass media. Gendered religious objects are “statements” addressed not only to the eye but to the emotions, and part of a complex cultural field in which things can play important roles in people's lives. The links that connect ritual power to other forms of agency and biographical significance are perhaps the most significant links that we need to examine to understand them better in a world of many diverse cultural forms.     

中国规划的政治依附性之辩——转型中国规划的角色认识

在经济增速放缓、政治体制变革的转型背景中,中国城市规划专业应该怎样"转型"成为热题。其中,城市规划附庸于政治而需要被动地应对政治转变是隐含的"常识",但这一认识带来了规划转型的现实压力——受制于无法改变的体制。规划是否的确依附于政治体制,如果不是,又应该怎样看待规划与政治的关系,进而认识规划转型的核心?本文从论述方式、论证视角两个方面解读和反思了中国规划的政治依附性的判断过程,发现城市规划不仅没有长期固化依附政治的角色,反而在不同时代发挥了专业价值。再从解构主义思维反思政治经济结构凌驾于其他结构之上的观点。最后认为,转型中国规划求变的核心并不在于规划要怎样适应政治体制这一或其他外因,而在于反思与自省内因,沉淀与重拾专业价值,进而期待一个多元多维的规划前景。     

重庆购房户住宅需求取向分析

为了解决重庆房地产市场住宅市场供求不平衡这一个难题,我们提出了住宅产业化这个方案,但是在大规模的生产产业化住宅以前,首先必须知道重庆市居民对住宅的需求取向,正是因为这个原因,我们进行了一次问卷调查。问卷调查的目的是：摸清影响重庆市潜在购房户购房行为的因素,为重庆住宅产业化工程的实施构建一个模型。因此本文的目的就是：分析影响重庆市潜在购房户购房行为的因素,找出本市居民喜欢的住宅类型,我们研究组的总体研究目的是：立足于本地的资源,探索在重庆实施住宅产业化工程的可行性,如果可行,那么我们将在充分利用本地建筑材料的基础上,设计出切实可行的产业化住宅模型。在目前这个阶段,工作的重心是摸清重庆建筑业的概况,为下一步的研究铺平道路。而本文的中心是：找出本市居民喜欢的住宅类型。     

道隐天地，咫尺情韵 ——以云南凤庆石洞寺浅观中国理想人居

中国人对山水之迷恋已是极致,一则因山水媾和万物阴阳两态之流变认识;二可借山纹水脉暗通昆仑神话之时空不尽。前者构建其认知世界之方法,后者为维稳其文化溯源所求之本源归属感,以及忘化时空、死生之界域囿限。亘古亘今,隐处丘园者,究其思想,多染映于道佛之法,而返窥宗教名山,素于山林最胜处,得居游自足之洞庭妙所,何也？遂凭托云南石洞寺,借境生文,以其“行望居游”之体验品判,引发今之园构,师法何式之问;究源古之隐者,生死流变之忧;承启当下居境,适宜理式之思。     

Public health and economic impact of dampness and mold

The public health risk and economic impact of dampness and mold exposures was assessed using current asthma as a health endpoint. Individual risk of current asthma from exposure to dampness and mold in homes from W.J. Fisk, Q. Lei-Gomez & M.J. Mendell [(2007) Indoor Air, [corrected] 17, 284-296], and [corrected] asthma risks calculated from additional studies that reported the prevalence of dampness and mold in homes were used to estimate the proportion of US current asthma cases that are attributable to dampness and mold exposure at 21% (95% confidence internal 12-29%). An examination of the literature covering dampness and mold in schools, offices, and institutional buildings, which is summarized in the Appendix, suggests that risks from exposure in these buildings are similar to risks from exposures in homes. Of the 21.8 million people reported to have asthma in the USA, approximately 4.6 (2.7-6.3) million cases are estimated to be attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home. Estimates of the national cost of asthma from two prior studies were updated to 2004 and used to estimate the economic impact of dampness and mold exposures. By applying the attributable fraction to the updated national annual cost of asthma, the national annual cost of asthma that is attributable to dampness and mold exposure in the home is estimated to be $3.5 billion ($2.1-4.8 billion). Analysis indicates that exposure to dampness and mold in buildings poses significant public health and economic risks in the USA. These findings are compatible with public policies and programs that help control moisture and mold in buildings. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: There is a need to control moisture in both new and existing construction because of the significant health consequences that can result from dampness and mold. This paper demonstrates that dampness and mold in buildings is a significant public health problem with substantial economic impact.     

Environmental aspects of the use of NTA as a detergent builder

The behaviour, fate and significance of the detergent builder nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) has been reviewed with particular reference to the removal of NTA during wastewater treatment and the effects of NTA on heavy metal solubility both during treatment and in the receiving environment. It is concluded that NTA removal during secondary biological treatment is subject to considerable variation, both temporal and between works as a result of changes in NTA load, temperature, water hardness and treatment process parameters. As a result of such variability, effluent NTA concentrations may be sufficient to mobilise heavy metals resulting in metal contamination of receiving waters and potable waters, particularly in areas of low effluent dilution and high water re-use. Removal of NTA during primary sedimentation and septic tank treatment is concluded to be predominantly due to adsorption to the sludge solids while removal in anaerobic sludge digestion is subject to operational characteristics of the treatment works. Disposal of NTA contaminated sludge to land may contaminate groundwaters and affect heavy metal speciation, while the disposal of contaminated sludge or sewage to sea may result in toxic algal blooms, in addition to effects on metal speciation.     

“We are All Refugees”: Camps and Informal Settlements as Converging Spaces of Global Displacements

ABSTRACT

This paper is in conversation with two important bodies of literature: one on informal settlements (informal and insurgent grassroots practices) and another on camps (spatial practices and governance of refugees). Reading inhabitants’ experiences in Korail, an informal settlement in Dhaka, Bangladesh, through the literature grounded in the experiences of refugees, we seek to contribute to the relational theorization of informal settlements and camps as an expanding and overlapping reality in the era of intensified global displacements. Weaving back and forth between the camp literature and Korail’s reality, we bring to light the comparable spatial practices and governance of the so-called citizens and the so-called stateless. We present the insights we gain from this analytical conversation under three organizing themes: experiential to highlight the precarious relationship of the two groups to citizenship and place, what we call a state of “citizenship in wait” and “in-situ displacement”; institutional to highlight the humanitarian matrices of care that provide governmental structures in both contexts; and micropolitical, to characterize dwellers’ contestations with state and humanitarian governance that constitute the processes of life-making in informal settlements, much as in the camps. Conceptually the paper lends a forceful voice to the mounting critiques of the state-centered canon in planning theories and the needed Southern turn in planning theorization. Politically, it lends a hand to the efforts of activists working to overcome exclusions and erasures that are endemic to the politics of citizenship, that pit refugees against the poor, and to gesture toward forging solidarities for a humane urbanism.     

Ageing in Unsuitable Places

Much of the focus of ageing in place policy is concerned with the provision of support to enable older people to age in the community in residences adapted to their needs. There has been little examination of why older people make choices to age in particular places in later life. In this paper, we drew on 143 interviews with older people in New Zealand to examine the narratives older people use to describe their housing preferences in later life. Older people drew upon personal and public narratives to story housing in later life, and construct four identifiable identities: ‘practical planner’, ‘rugged pioneer’, ‘where I belong’ and ‘rooted in place’. This analysis demonstrates that some older people do narrate decisions to age in ‘sensible’ places with good access to services and have clear plans for change as their physical health declines. Other older people live proudly in unsuitable places and do not wish for support to move or accommodations made to their housing. These older people draw upon narratives of place as foundational to their identity, of relationships with people both living and dead as social relationships that bolster their identity and of housing as part of situated lifelong narratives. Both the situation of their home and the condition of the home provide the backdrop to alternative narrative identities that require them to remain in housing because of, or irrespective of, its unsuitability. To understand the limitations and the possibilities of ageing in place, we need to identify the multiple narratives that structure the lives of older people. By doing so, we can support ageing in place processes that do not disrupt the strong identities that have been developed in and through housing.