Comparative Study on Thermodynamical and Electrochemical Behavior of Al（88）Ni6La6 and Al（86）Ni6La6Cu2 Amorphous Alloys

Two amorphous ribbons with the compositions of Al88Ni6La6 and Al86Ni6La6Cu2 were made using the melt-spun method,and their thermal response and electrochemical behavior were studied comparatively.Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）and electrochemical polarization measurements indicated that Al86Ni6La6Cu2 exhibited slightly higher crystallization temperature（Tx）,lower melting point（Tl）and better corrosion resistance in 0.01 mol·L-1 NaCl alkaline solution.These results demonstrated that Cu（2%）addition could slightly promote the glass forming ability,but it could greatly improve the corrosion resistance of Al88Ni6La6 alloy in 0.01 mol·L-1 NaCl alkaline solution.     

Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀特性研究

采用喷射沉积和内氧化法制备出Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu复合材料,研究该材料在直流20 V/20 A的工作条件下触点的电弧侵蚀特性,并与Al₂O₃/Cu材料进行了对比分析.利用电子天平、扫描电镜等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点的质量变化和表面微观结构.结果表明,通过添加Y₂O₃、La₂O₃稀土氧化物颗粒,可有效降低触头材料的材料转移量.Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu材料的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性优于Al₂O₃/Cu材料的性能.在直流阻性负载条件下Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu阳极触头表面形成凹坑,阴极触头表面形成凸起,触点表面显示出浆糊状凝固物和喷发坑等电弧侵蚀形貌特征.      

Ti-Y2O3 Composites with Nanocrystalline and Microcrystalline Matrix

Mechanical milling of a Ti-2 pct Y₂O₃ powders mixture led to the synthesizing of a composite powder with a nanocrystalline Ti matrix having a mean crystallite size of 19 nm. Both the nanocomposite powder prepared through milling and the initial mixture of powders were consolidated by hot pressing under the pressure of 7.7 GPa at the temperature of 1273 K (1000 °C). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of the bulk sample produced from milled powder revealed that Y₂O₃ equiaxial particles of less than 30 nm in size are distributed uniformly in the Ti matrix with a grain size in the wide range from 50 nm to 200 nm. The microhardness of the produced nanocrystalline material is 655 HV0.2, and it significantly exceeds the hardness of the microcrystalline material (the consolidated initial mixture of powders), which is equal to 273 HV0.2. This finding confirms that reducing the grain size to the nanometric level can have a beneficial influence on the hardness of titanium alloys. Dispersion hardening also contributes to the hardness increase.     

富锂材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13]O2的ZrO2包覆及电化学性能

近几年,锂离子电池富锂材料xLi₂MnO₃·(1-x) LiMO₂(M=Ni、Co、Mn等) 由于其高放电比容量、高电压、低廉的价格受到人们越来越多的关注.但是,富锂材料循环性能差、倍率性能低、首圈充放电效率低和电压降等问题是阻止富锂材料商业化的几个主要原因。采用液相法合成富锂材料Li[Li_0.2Mn_0.54Co_0.13Ni_0.13]O₂,通过表面包覆一层ZrO₂, 放电倍率1 C下循环100圈之后,2% ZrO₂包覆量的富锂材料的放电比容量比未包覆的放电比容量多53.8 mAh/g,大大提高富锂材料的循环性能.      

喷射沉积18Ni(250)马氏体时效钢-(Al2O3)p复合材料的组织与性能

采用雾化喷射沉积成形技术制备了含10%(体积分数)Al₂O₃颗粒的18Ni(250)马氏体时效钢金属基复合材料.沉积坯件具有高致密度、增强颗粒均匀分布、无界面反应等组织特征.同基体合金相比,复合材料表现出加速时效行为.经热处理后复合材料的拉伸强度接近基体材料,耐磨性明显提高.采用显微力学探针技术研究了复合材料的时效行为,发现在Al₂O₃颗粒附近存在陡峭的弹性模量和硬度分布,是热错配应力造成的位错密度分布引起的析出相分布变化的结果.     

Synthesis of Al2O3/TiCN-0.2%Y2O3 Composite by Hot Pressing

Al2O3/TiCN composites were synthesized by hot pressing.The influences of components and HP temperature on mechanical properties,such as bending strength,breaking tenacity and Vickers hardness were investigated.The results showed that the mechanical properties of Al2O3/TiCN composite increased with temperature when hot pressing temperature is below 1650 ℃.The mechanical properties reached their maximums when the composites were sintered at 1650 ℃ for 30 min under hot pressing pressure of 35 MPa,the value of bending strength,breaking tenacity and Vickers hardness was 1015 MPa,6.89 MPa·m1/2,and 20.82 MPa,respectively.When hot pressing temperature was above 1650 ℃,density decreased because of decomposition with increased temperature,and mechanical properties dropped because of rapid growth of grains in size at high temperature.Microstructure analysis showed that the addition of Y2O3 led to the formation of YAG phase so as to inhibit the growth of crystals.This helped to improve breaking tenacity of the composites.TiCN particles with diameters of 1 μm dispersed at Al2O3 grain boundaries,inhibited grain growth and enhanced mechanical properties of the composites.SEM study of the propagation of indentation cracks showed that the bridge linking behavior between matrix and strengthening phase might lead to the formation of the coexisted field of crack deflection,branching and bridge linking.The mechanism of this phenomenon was that the addition of Y2O3 improved the dispersion of TiCN particles so as to enhance the tenacity of the composites.The breaking tenacity was changed from 5.94 to 6.89 MPa·m1/2.     

Al2O3-V2O5体系的热力学优化

在对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系相图、热力学数据以及晶体结构数据进行综述与评估的基础上,采用相图计算方法对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系进行热力学优化.液相采用修正的似化学模型进行描述,利用对近似处理液相中存在的短程有序.将液相模型的最大短程有序设置在AlVO₄处,将VO₄3-当作液相中V₂O₅的基本组成单元.体系中AlVO₄相看作线性化合物.计算结果很好的重现了选定的实验数据,获得了一套合理、可靠、自洽的模型参数用来描述体系中各相的热力学性质,为Al₂O₃负载V₂O₅型催化剂催化性能的提高打下坚实的基础.      

Al2O3/ZrO2层状复合陶瓷的研究

用辊轧工艺,在最佳成分配比及烧结制度下,制备了Al₂O₃/20%Al₂O₃(nm)+20%ZrO₂+60%Al₂O₃(μm)/Al₂O₃层状复合陶瓷.通过断裂韧性的测定,发现层状复合的断裂韧性值比无层状复合的Al₂O₃或ZrO₂增韧Al₂O₃有很大的提高,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对层状复合的微观结构进行了观察,讨论了层状复合的增韧机制和ZrO₂诱发微裂纹的机理,同时观察到层状复合断裂的典型特征为台阶状断裂。     

真空冷喷涂LiNi_(0.33)Co_(0.33)Mn_(0.33)O_2涂层颗粒沉积行为研究

真空冷喷涂是一种基于室温及真空条件下超细陶瓷粉末粒子的撞击破碎实现涂层沉积的方法。目前,真空冷喷涂技术已经在微电子器件,金属防护以及新能源领域展现了良好的应用前景。本研究将目光转向锂离子电池,基于真空冷喷涂技术,在氧化铝基体上制备了锂离子电池LiNi_(0.33)Co_(0.33)Mn_(0.33)O_2(NMC)三元材料正极涂层,使用扫面电子显微镜(SEM)观察了NMC涂层的表面及截面微观形貌,使用X射线衍射(XRD)对涂层的相结构进行了测试,使用3D激光显微镜表征了涂层的表面粗糙度,系统研究了载气流量、喷涂距离、喷涂次数等沉积条件对NMC涂层微观形貌及粒子沉积行为的影响。结果表明,在真空冷喷涂NMC涂层中可以观察到明显颗粒破碎沉积现象,涂层结构致密。NMC粉末颗粒沉积方式受气流量、喷涂距离、喷涂次数等沉积条件的影响,载气流量的提高会提高粒子撞击速度,从而提高涂层沉积速率,但过高的气流量会导致粒子发生冲蚀,在涂层表面留下凹坑,致使涂层粗糙度增大。喷涂距离过大会导致NMC颗粒撞击速度减小,粒子破碎不充分,涂层呈现出类似团聚粉末堆积的疏松结构。喷涂次数影响涂层厚度,在合适的沉积参数条件下,可以通过调整喷涂次数实现涂层厚度的线性调控。     

Influence of pH on Morphology and Formation Mechanism of CeO2 Nanocrystalline

Nanoparticles of cerium oxide were prepared by common precipitation method using cerium nitrate solution and ammonia reagent. Cerium oxide particles with different morphologies were synthesized through adjusting pH values of the solution. TEM and BET results showed that spherical crystal was gained in acid solution, with the specific surface of 148. 1944 m2·g^-1. The cerium oxide appeared in the form of spherical and rod-like grains under neutral condition, and the specific surface changed to 114.7975 m^2·g^-1. Moreover, in alkaline solution, cerium oxide powders were exhibited in rod-like form with the specific surface of 106.2465 m^2·g^-1. Precipitation formation mechanism of different morphologies was also discussed, which followed decomposition precipitation mechanism and topology reaction mechanism in acid and alkaline solution, respectively.     

自蔓燃高温合成Al2O3/B4C复相陶瓷中硼酸铝相的消除

研究自蔓燃高温合成Al₂O₃/B₄C中硼酸铝相的形成机制,提出硼酸铝相的消除途径.通过对各种条件下燃烧合成产物的X射线分析和SEM观察发现,在点火前保持低温易生成低温硼酸铝相Al₄B₂O₉.自蔓燃方式合成过程中未反应的B₂O₃是产生高温硼酸铝相Al₁₈B₄O₃₃的主要原因,其形成量与初始反应物中B₂O₃过量密切相关,并受B₂O₃尺寸的影响.起始反应物的充分混合可以提高铝热反应程度,降低体系内未反应的B₂O₃的量,可抑制硼酸铝的生成.     

球磨工艺对Al2O3/Mo复合材料组织的影响

针对原位自生Al2O3增强钼基复合材料晶粒较大的问题,采用溶胶-凝胶与高能球磨相结合的方法细化复合材料晶粒,并利用SEM、XRD对不同球磨工艺所制备Al2O3/Mo复合粉末及复合材料的组织进行了观察和分析。结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,Al2O3/Mo复合粉末颗粒由球状变为层片状再成为细小的球状,颗粒大小由约1.5μm细化为约500nm,其中的钼晶粒不断细化;高球料比所得粉末的分散性和破碎细化程度较好;转速提高使得粉末颗粒的尺寸均匀程度降低,且伴有结块现象,不利于粉末的细化。在球料比5∶1、转速300r/min、球磨时间60h条件下获得的复合粉末,经压坯烧结可制备出Al2O3颗粒为纳米级的钼基复合材料。     

Gdx((Fe83Co17)55Ag45)100-x颗粒膜结构及巨磁电阻效应研究

复合靶以Fe,Co,Ag和Gd按一定比例组成,采用磁控溅射法制备了Gdx((Fe83Co17)55Ag45)100-x(x=0,3.5,5.0,6.5,8.0,9.5)颗粒膜。在室温下,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、四探针电阻测试仪、振动样品磁强计(VSM)等方法研究Gd的掺入以及不同退火温度对颗粒膜显微结构、巨磁电阻效应(GMR)和磁性能影响。X射线衍射实验结果表明:薄膜形成了以Ag(111)和FeCo(110)组成的合金结构,且增加稀土Gd的掺入量能促进薄膜基体中FeCo与Ag的相分离。磁电阻测试结果发现:不同成分的Gdx((Fe83Co17)55Ag45)100-x(x=0,3.5,5.0,6.5,8.0,9.5)薄膜样品均随着退火温度升高以及稀土Gd含量增加,颗粒膜巨磁电阻(GMR)效应呈现先增后减的趋势,且饱和场逐渐降低,当x=5.0、退火温度250℃时,Gd5.0((Fe83Co17)55Ag45)95.0薄膜巨磁电阻效应达到最大,GMR值为-14.8%。Gd掺杂后样品磁滞回线的变化表明薄膜的矫顽力较小,矩形比随Gd含量的增加而增加,分析认为Gdx((Fe83Co17)55Ag45)100-x薄膜具有良好的软磁性能。     

辊轧成型工艺制备ZrO2/Al2O3复相陶瓷的性能及结构

采用辊轧工艺,制成了素坯密度较高的氧化锆增韧氧化铝复合陶瓷,并对其性能和结构分别进行了研究。利用多种粒径的粉体混合、多种增韧方式来设计复相陶瓷的显微结构,得到了最佳配比和最佳烧结工艺条件下的ZrO₂/nmAl₂O₃/μmAl₂O₃复相陶瓷。此陶瓷在1550℃下烧结,得到优良的抗弯强度和断裂韧性。     

熔盐法合成LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2及AA电池的电化学性能

以KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示此方法制备产物具有较好的晶形,颗粒较均匀.XRD表征结果显示产物为层状结构,充放电测试结果显示出材料在3.6 V平台附近有较大的可逆容量.在900℃时保温8 h时合成的LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3...     

Study on thermal expansion behavior of Dy2O3 - Al2O3 - SiO2 glass

Employing Dy2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 as starting materials, several series of Dy2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 sealing glass were prepared. The relationship between their coefficients of thermal expansion and the contents of Dy2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 were studied respectively. Experimental results showed that Dy2O3 and Al2O3 had a positive effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass, whereas, SiO2 had a negative effect. The coefficient of thermal expansion of glass showed an apparent linear relation to the contents of these three raw materials, from which an estimation model was built, to calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion of sealing glass. Relative errors of the calculating results to testing results were no more than 2%, which suggested that the estimation model was reasonable. This study provides a good theory reference for the practical utilizing of this sealing material, through which a proper glass composition for good sealing could be easily found.     

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2/V2O5 Composite Catalyst Doped with Rare Earth Ions

TiO2/V2O5 catalyst doped with rare earth ions was prepared by sol-gel method. Titanium tetrapropoxide and vanadium pentoxide were used as precursor of the composite catalyst and rare earth ions were used as dopant. The crystal phases, crystalline sizes, microstructure, absorption spectra of doped composite catalyst were studied by XRD, EDS, FT-IR and UV-Vis. Photoactivity of the prepared catalyst under ultraviolet irradiation were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange （MO） in aqueous solution. It is shown that the prepared catalyst is composed of anatase and futile. The rare earth ions are highly dispersed in composite catalyst. All the doped catalysts appear higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2/V2O5 catalyst and catalyst doped with Ce^4＋ present the best activity to MO.     

Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and electrochemical performance of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Co0.2 hydrogen storage electrode alloy

To improve the cyclic stability of La-Mg-Ni system alloy, as-cast La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Co0.2 alloy was annealed at 1123, 1223, and 1323 K for 10 h in 0.3 MPa argon. The microstructure and electrochemical performance of different annealed alloys were investigated systematically by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS）, and electrochemical experiments. The results obtained by XRD and SEM showed that the as-cast and annealed （1123 K） alloys had multiphase structure containing LaNis, （La, Mg）2（Ni, Co）7 and few LaNi2 phases. When annealing temperatures approached 1223 and 1323 K, LaNi2 phase disappeared. The annealed alloys at 1223 and 1323 K were composed of LaNi5, （La, Mg）2（Ni, Co）7 and （La, Mg）（Ni, Co）3 phases. With increasing annealing temperature, the maximum discharge capacity of the alloy decreased monotonously, but the cyclic stability was improved owing to structure homogeneity and grain growth after annealing, as well as the enhancement of anti-oxidation/corrosion ability and the suppression of pulverization during cycling in KOH electrolyte.     

Effect of annealing treatment on the anti-pulverization and anti-corrosion properties of La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5 hydrogen storage alloy

The La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5 hydrogen storage alloy was prepared by the vacuum intermediate frequency induction furnace followed by annealing treatment. The pulverization degree of both the as-cast and annealed alloy powders after gaseous hydriding and dehydriding cycle was investigated and the discovery was that annealing treatment could hardly ameliorate their anti-pulverization ability. The element content of La, Mg, Ni and Co existing in electrolyte before and after the electrochemical cycles by using ICP-AES technology was also analyzed and it showed that a large amount of La and Mg were dissolved in the electrolyte, but the amount of dissolution for La and Mg significantly declined when the alloy was annealed. The XRD analysis revealed that all the alloys consisted of two main phases AB3 and AB2 and a residual phase AB5 while annealing treatment made the AB2 phase decrease slightly. Furthermore, the anti-corrosion abilities of various elements in different phases of the as-cast and annealed alloy samples were studied by analyzing the element(La, Mg, Ni, Co) change with the corrosion time in phases AB3 and AB2 by means of EDS. It turned out that the element of La was mainly corroded out from the phase AB2 while not easily from the phase AB3. However, the element of Mg was both easily corroded out from the phases AB2 and AB3, but the corrosion was more obvious in the phase AB3. Therefore, annealing improved the anti-corrosion performances of La and Mg in the phase AB2.