SmCo/Co多层交换弹性纳米晶复合永磁薄膜的制备和磁耦合研究

利用磁控溅射的方法,在室温条件的Si基片上制备了[SmCo(25nm)/Co(x)]4/SmCo(25 nm)多层交换弹性纳米晶复合永磁薄膜(Co层厚度x=0～10 nm),经过550 ℃/20 min的真空退火处理使薄膜结晶后,进行磁性测试和磁耦合分析.结果表明:SmCo层厚度固定为25 nm时,调整Co层的厚度,从0至10 nm逐渐增加,矫顽力从2270.3 kA·m-1逐渐降低至1040.5 kA·m-1,同时,饱和磁化强度和剩磁随Co层厚度增加逐渐增加,上升了60％.当加入10 nm的Co层后,多层膜的最大磁能积比125 nm的单层SmCo薄膜增加了46％.另外,与SmCo/Co双层交换弹性薄膜在退磁过程中表现的零场附近的软硬磁双相行为相比,SmCo/Co多层交换弹性薄膜表现出单相反转行为,说明体系中的两种磁性层具有更好的磁耦合.经过磁耦合研究发现,当Co软磁层较薄时,薄膜中磁性颗粒以颗粒间交换耦合为主;当软磁层厚度增加时,颗粒间交换耦合减弱,静磁耦合增强,保证了软硬磁相之间的良好磁耦合作用.Co层的加入有效地提高了薄膜的磁性能.     

Effect of chromium interlayer on magnetic exchange coupling of SmCo/Cr/TbFeCo multilayer thin films

A series of SmCo/Cr/TbFeCo multilayer thin films with perpendicular anisotropy were prepared by RF- magnetron sputtering system, and the effects of Cr interlayer thickness on magnetic properties and interlayer exchange coupling were investigated. It was found that the magnetic properties varied with the thickness of Cr interlayer, especially the values of saturation magnetization Ms and the coercivity Hc fluctuated periodically with the thickness of Cr interlayer. STM images revealed that the variation of coercivity Hc was attributed to the microstructure change of SmCo layer influenced by Cr interlayer, and the variation of Ms was related to interlayer exchange coupling.     

TbCo／Cr Amorphous Film with Perpendicular Magneto-Anisotropy

Amorphousrareearth transitionmetalalloy (RE TM)films[1] havebeenintensivelystudied .Sincetheamorphousfilmsoftenpossessaverylargeuniaxialanisotropywithitseasyaxisperpendiculartothefilmplane ,theycanbeusedasmagneto optical[2 ] orhy bridrecordingmedia[3] .Amongthosefilms ,Tb Cofilmsareofgreatinterestbecauseoftheirhighcoer civeforce ,largeperpendicularanisotropyandeasycontroloftheirsaturationmagnetizationthroughcom positionadjustment[4 ] .However ,theTb Cofilmshavesuchadisadvantagethatsubstrate…     

Magnetic property and microstructure of SmCo magnetic recording films

Cr/SmCo/Cr thin films with Sm concentration of 37.7 at.% were deposited on glass substrates by magnetron sputtering. Meas-urement of magnetic properties showed that the SmCo film possessed good magnetic anisotropy, a high coercivity of 3019 kA/m and low magnetic exchange coupling. Microstructure analysis showed that crystallized SmCo5 magnetic phase, non-magnetic SmCo2 phase and Sm2Co7 phase co-existed ill the film. The non-magnetic SmCo2 phase might function as isolator of SmCo grains, leading to a decrease of magnetic exchange coupling. Moreover, a Cr2)3 oxide layer which could protect the SmCo layer from oxidation formed at the surface of the Cr cap layer.     

00Cr25Ni22Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢的高温氧化行为

采用静态增重法研究了00Cr25Ni22Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢在不同温度下的循环氧化动力学曲线.结果表明,00Cr25Ni22Mo2N不锈钢在700℃时的氧化动力学曲线是一条平行于时间轴的直线,这说明其在该温度下氧化反应非常微弱;在800和900℃时的氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线氧化规律,具有良好的抗氧化性能.利用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射对氧化膜的表面形貌、截面形貌和相组成进行研究,发现该钢在3个温度下都生成了致密和黏附性好的保护性氧化膜,700℃生成的氧化膜主要由Cr2O3和Fe2O3组成,氧化膜很薄;800℃生成的氧化膜由Cr2O3、Fe2O3和少量的NiCr2O4、FeCr2O4组成,氧化膜厚度增加;900℃生成的氧化膜由Cr2O3、Fe2O3和NiCr2O4组成,氧化膜厚度进一步增加.认为氧化膜组成和结构是00Cr25Ni22Mo2N不锈钢具有良好抗高温氧化性能的重要原因.     

Effect of pH on Semiconducting Property of Passive Film Formed on Ultra-High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Steel in Sulfuric Acid Solution

Because Cr9Ni5MoCo14 is a new ultra-high-strength corrosion-resistant steel, it is important to study its corrosion behavior in sulfuric acid solution, which is used to simulate the aggressive environment. The effect of pH on the electrochemical and semiconducting properties of passive films formed on ultra-high-strength corrosion-resistant steel in sulfuric acid solution was investigated by means of the potentiodynamic polarization technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Mott-Schottky analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that Cr9Ni5MoCo14 steel showed a passive state in acid solutions. The corrosion behavior of this Cr9Ni5MoCo14 alloy was influenced by the passive film formed on the surface, including thickness, stability, and partitioning of elements of the passive film. The passive current density decreases with increasing pH, and the corrosion resistance was enhanced by the increasing thickness and depletion of the defects within the passive film. Moreover, an enrichment of chromium (primarily the oxides of Cr) and depletion of iron in the passive film led to improved corrosion resistance. These results can provide a theoretical basis for use of this alloy and further development of ultra-high-strength corrosion-resistant steel in today’s society.     

Electronic Properties of Passive Films Formed on G3 and G30 Nickel-based Alloys in Bicarbonate/Carbonate Buffer Solution

The electronic properties of passive films formed on G3 and G30 alloys in bicarbonate/carbonate buffer solution were comparatively studied by electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS) and Mott-Schottky analysis, the chemical composition of the passive film formed on G3 alloy was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that passive film on G3 alloy had better protection than that on G30 alloy. The transfer resistance, film resistance and diffusion resistance of the passive films on both alloys increased with increasing formation potential, prolonging formation time, increasing pH value, decreasing formation temperature, and decreasing chloride and sulphide ions concentration. Mott-Schottky plot reveals that the passive films on the two alloys show a p-n semi-conductive character. XPS analysis indicates that the passive film on G3 alloy was composed of an inner Cr oxide and an outer Fe, Mo/Ni oxides.     

Effect of Ti cap layer thickness on microstructures and magnetic properties of Ti/Ni/Ti films

Nanogranular Ti(3 nm)/Ni(30 nm)/Ti(t nm )(t=1,3,5,7,10) films were prepared by facing magnetron sputtering from Ti and Ni onto glass substrates at room temperature.The structural and magnetic properties of films strongly depended on the Ti layer thickness.X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns of all as-deposited films showed strong FCC Ni(111) peak.Vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM) measurements indicated that the perpendicular coercivity of the Ti(3 nm)/Ni(30 nm)/Ti(3 nm) film reached about 36 kA/m.With the increase of Co layer thickness,coercivity(Hc) first increased and then decreased.The grain size and magnetic clusters slightly increased and the value of roughness(Ra) was smallest at t=3 nm.     

Effect of Ti cap layer thickness on microstructures and magnetic properties of Ti/Ni/Ti films

Nanogranular Ti (3 nm)/Ni(30 nm)/Ti(t nm) (t=1, 3, 5, 7, 10) films were prepared by facing magnetron sputtering from Ti and Ni onto glass substrates at room temperature. The structural and magnetic properties of films strongly depended on the Ti layer thickness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of all as-deposited films showed strong FCC Ni(111) peak. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements indicated that the perpendicular coercivity of the Ti (3 nm)/Ni (30 nm)/Ti (3 nm) film reached about 36 kA/m. With the increase of Co layer thickness, coercivity (H_c) first increased and then decreased. The grain size and magnetic clusters slightly increased and the value of roughness (R_a) was smallest at t=3 nm.     

碳含量对Cr25Ni20型奥氏体耐热钢高温氧化性能的影响

对两种不同碳含量的Cr25Ni20型奥氏体耐热不锈钢分别加热到800 和1 100 ℃循环氧化96 h后，进行了循环氧化分析，并利用扫描电镜观察钢材表面氧化膜形貌；利用X射线衍射仪对氧化膜进行物相分析；采用划痕法测量氧化膜与金属基体的黏附力。结果表明，氧化膜是由菱形结构的Cr2O3晶粒和尖晶石结构的MnCr2O4晶粒组成，随着氧化温度的升高，氧化物晶粒变得粗大并由菱形结构向尖晶石结构转变；碳含量的增加造成“贫铬”现象的发生，减缓保护性氧化膜的生成，降低氧化膜与金属基体的黏附力；随着氧化温度的升高，氧化膜横截面的厚度不断增加，氧化膜受破坏程度也不断加剧。     

电流密度对镀锡板钝化膜厚度、成分及膜中铬元素的影响

镀锡板钝化过程中的电流密度对钝化膜的性能影响较大,同时膜的性能又与厚度、成分、Cr元素含量等因素相关。实验通过改变镀锡板钝化膜生成过程中的钝化电流密度,探究电流密度对生成的钝化膜的厚度和成分的影响,并使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对在此电流密度下得到的钝化膜中Cr元素的组元和价态进行分析。结果表明在电流密度由3A/dm~2变为0.5A/dm2时:钝化膜厚度变薄,钝化膜中Sn元素含量增加,Cr元素含量减小;钝化膜中Cr元素的组元均由单质Cr、Cr_2O_3、Cr(OH)_3构成且不发生变化,但各价态组分的相对含量发生改变,低价态Cr含量降低,高价态Cr含量升高;镀锡板钝化膜组成成分呈现层状分布。     

Influence of Lanthanum Ion-Implantation on Adhesive Property of Oxide Film Formed on Co-40Cr Alloy

The isothermal and cyclic oxidizing kinetics of Co-40Cr alloy and its lanthanum ion-implanted samples were studied at 1 000 ℃ in air by thermal gravimetric analysis（TGA）.Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）was used to examine the Cr2O3 oxide film＇s morphology after oxidation.Secondary ion mass spectrum（SIMS）method was used to examine the binding energy change of chromium caused by La-doping and its influence on the formation of Cr2O3 film.Acoustic emission（AE）method was used in situ to monitor the cracking and spalling of oxide films during oxidizing and subsequent air-cooling stages.Laser Raman spectrum was used to examine the stress changes within oxide films.A theoretical model was proposed relating to the film fracture process and was used to analyze the AE spectrum both on time domain and AE-event number domain.It was found that lanthanum implantation remarkably reduced the isothermal oxidizing rate of Co-40Cr and improved the anti-cracking and anti-spalling properties of Cr2O3 oxide film.The reasons for the improvement were mainly that the implanted lanthanum reduced the grain size and internal stress of Cr2O3 oxide,increased the high temperature plasticity of oxide film,and remarkably reduced the number and size of Cr2O3/Co-40Cr interfacial defects.     

Oxidation Resistance of Fe-13Cr Alloy with Micro-Laminated （ZrO2-Y2O3 ） / （Al2O3-Y2O3 ） Films

Oxidationofmetalsoralloysathightemperatures canbetreatedasaspecialcaseofmetalliccorrosion,inwhichsolidphasesinteracteitherwithaliquid agentoragaseousagent.Toimprovetheresistance againsthigh temperatureoxidationandelectrochemical corrosionofmetals,thesurfa…     

Magnetic Properties of （Sm, Tb）FeCo/Cr/TbFeCo Trilayers with Perpendicular Anisotropy

A series of （Sm, Tb）FeCo/Cr/TbFeCo trilayers with perpendicular anisotropy was prepared by RF magnetron sputtering, and the effect of Cr interlayer thickness on magnetic properties and interlayer exchange coupling was investigated. All the samples showed strong out-of-plane anisotropy but their hysteresis loops displayed two types ： singlephase and double-phase, indicating that interlayer exchange coupling and magnetic properties varied with the thickness of Cr interlayer. Both saturation field Hs and （1-Mr/Ms） curves indicated that interlayer exchange coupling oscillated between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic with a period of 1.6 nm, and the oscillation strength attenuated with increasing Cr interlayer thickness. After being annealed at 450℃ for 25 min, the hysteresis loops of all the samples became single-phase type and coercivity Hc decreased greatly, which could be attributed to the decrease of effective anisotropy in （Sm, TbFeCo） grains.     

Characterization of high-temperature oxide films on dysprosium-doped Fe-20Cr alloys by electrochemical techniques

The oxidation properties of Fe-20Cr,Fe-20Cr-0.2Dy and Fe-20Cr-1Dy alloys were studied using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques.The high-temperature oxide films of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys were prepared in air at 900 oC for 24,48 and 100 h,respectively.The electrochemical experiment was performed by a three-electrode electrochemical cell and in 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4 aqueous solution.Proper models were built for describing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the different oxide layers and the spectra were interpreted in terms of a two-layer model of the films.The results revealed that the oxide films of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys became compacter than that of undoped alloys and retained their good protective ability for a relatively long time.With increasing content of Dy,the protection of the oxide films slightly decreased.Mott-Schottky curves indicated that all the oxides were n-type semi-conductors,and the Nd value of oxide film on Fe-20Cr was much larger than that of Dy-doped Fe-20Cr alloys.The results of kinetic curves and SEM were in agreement with electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky data.     

Investigation on mechanism of magnetization reversal for nanocrystalline Pr-Fe-B permanent magnets by micromagnetic finite element methods

Magnetization configurations were calculated under various magnetic fields for nanocrystalline Pr-Fe-B permanent magnets by micromagnetic finite element method. According to the configurations during demagnetization process, the mechanism of magnetization reversal was analyzed. For the Pr2Fe14B with 10 nm grains or its composite with 10vol.% α-Fe, the coercivity was determined by nucleation of reversed domain that took place at grain boundaries. However, for Pr2Fe14B with 30 nm grains, coercivity was controlled by pinning of the nucleated domain. For Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe with 30vol.% α-Fe, the demagnetization behavior was characterized by continuous reversal of α-Fe moment.     

Dissolution behavior of 304 stainless steel in HNO3/HF mixtures

The dissolution behavior of type 304 stainless steel was studied in typical pickling environments in an effort to reduce the unnecessary loss of the critical metals nickel and chromium during the pickling process. Dissolution rates were determined for a 90-minute exposure to HNO₃/HF solutions ranging from 0.8 M to 3.5 M HNO₃ and 0.5 M to 2.6 M HF at 30°, 50°, 70°, and 90 °C and containing 0 to 0.21 M dissolved Fe, Cr, or Ni. Dissolution rates increased as a function of increasing HNO₃ concentration from 0.4 M to 1.5 M HNO₃, decreased at higher HNO₃ concentrations, and increased with increasing HF concentration. Experiments to determine the effect of temperature on the dissolution reaction gave a lower activation energy for solutions with higher HNO₃ concentrations. The dissolved Fe and Cr decreased the dissolution rate of 304 stainless steel, while dissolved Ni had essentially no effect. The Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies of films resulting from exposure to several HNO₃/HF solutions indicated that the fluoride did not penetrate the thin nonprotective films but remained on the outer surface of the film. The scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) studies indicated that the fluoride was uniformly distributed over the surface. Both the dissolution and surface studies are consistent with a dissolution process which is controlled by reactions occurring either in solution or at the film-solution interface.     

含Cr管线钢的力学性能和耐蚀性能

基于国内油气工业管线应用需要,采用控轧控冷工艺,研制了强韧性匹配优良的2%Cr低合金管线钢,并测试了其组织和力学性能.以针状铁素体和多边形铁素体为主的含2%Cr管线钢具有良好的强韧性组合.采用高温高压冷凝釜模拟湿气管线中的CO₂顶部腐蚀环境试验方法,研究含2%Cr低合金管线钢的抗CO₂顶部腐蚀性能.相较于传统管线钢,添加2%Cr后,其CO₂腐蚀产物膜是一层连续、致密的富Cr胶泥状非晶态产物膜,从而提高了其抗CO₂顶部腐蚀性能.      

Effect of Si Content on Oxide Formation on Surface of Molten Fe-Cr-C Alloy Bath During Oxygen Top Blowing

Using a direct observation experimental method, the oxide formation behavior on the surface of Fe-Cr-5 mass pct C-Si alloy baths during decarburization by a top-blown Ar-O₂ mixture was studied. The effects of the initial Si and Cr content of the alloy, temperature, and oxygen feed ratio on oxide formation were investigated. The results showed that, for alloys without Si, oxide particles, unstable oxide films, and stable oxide films formed sequentially. The presence of Si in the alloy changed the formation behavior of stable oxide film, and increased the crucial C content when stable oxide film started to form. Increasing the temperature, decreasing the initial Cr content, and increasing the ratio of the diluting gas decreased the critical C content at which a stable oxide film started to form. In addition, the P _CO and \( a_{{{\text{Cr}}_{2} {\text{O}}_{3} }} \) values at which oxides started to form were estimated using Hilty’s equation and the equilibrium relation to understand the formation conditions and the role of each parameter in oxide formation.     

热压316L/Q345R复合板的结合性能

热轧双金属复合板由于其优良性质而得到广泛使用,而如何改善其结合性能也成为业界内的研究热点问题.本文尝试采用分子动力学模拟的方法对316L/Q345R双金属板的高温结合性能进行系统研究.在建立316L/Q345R体系的原子结构模型的基础上,使用MD模拟方法对316L/Q345R体系的热压复合过程进行模拟,其中采用嵌入原子势函数来描述Fe、Cr和Ni之间的相互作用.分析了不同温度与压缩应变率对热压复合变形机制以及扩散层厚度的影响,并探讨了添加金属层对界面结合性能的改善效果.研究表明:温度的提高有利于形成较厚的扩散层,当双金属热压复合温度接近熔点时,此时在双金属复合界面获得的扩散层厚度远大于在较低温度复合时的扩散层厚度;应变率的提高会降低扩散层厚度,这主要因为在达到相同的压缩应变时,随着应变率增大和压缩时间缩短,原子的扩散时间缩短;在双金属之间添加一个晶格厚度的Ni层后,复合界面扩散层厚度比不含Ni复合时增加了134.5%,表明添加镍层能够明显提高扩散层厚度,但添加铬层对提高扩散层厚度的影响不大.