面向运营商的P2P流媒体系统架构

针对现有流媒体系统存在的主要问题,本文提出了一种面向电信运营商的可运营、可管理、可扩展的P2P流媒体系统架构,并给出了该架构下流媒体点播业务的实现流程以及主要的资源调度和管理流程.该系统的建立可有效解决困扰业界已久的内容盗版、用户收费、质量保障等关键问题,协助P2P流媒体确立自身盈利模式.     

一种基于P2P流媒体的网络教学系统设计

随着互联网的迅速发展,远程网络教育已经逐渐普及。然而已有的网络技术不支持动态多媒体数据和实时流数据,且存在着流媒体技术中服务器的承载问题。针对这些问题设计基于P2P流媒体技术的网络教育系统,其中每个网络节点既是服务的消费者又是服务的提供者,针对Web服务模式,有效地解决了流媒体系统中存在的问题,同时具有对网络带宽和服务器处理能力要求低、易部署和易扩展的特点。     

服务感知的移动P2P流媒体系统视频片调度算法

与有线网络相比,目前移动互联网的带宽普遍较低.这种情况下,如果移动P2P流媒体系统中用户节点上行带宽的利用率不高,将会极大地加重视频源服务器的负载,增加播放延时.为了充分地利用移动节点的上行带宽,缩短播放延时,文中提出了服务感知的视频片调度算法,它由请求算法和服务算法两部分组成.请求节点会根据最近的服务状况动态地调整请求的片数,减少服务拥塞的发生.服务节点会根据请求的优先级合理地安排上传顺序,提高服务的效率.仿真结果表明,该算法很好地适应了移动网络带宽低的情况,能够提高上行带宽的利用率,缩短播放延时.     

基于网络编码的P2P流媒体传输技术

提出了一种基于网络编码的P2P流媒体传输方案,将分层编码后的数据包在基本层和增强层分别进行网络编码后传输,接收节点可根据带宽情况控制发送节点是否发送增强层数据,提高了播放质量和稳定性.仿真试验表明,基于网络编码的传输方案,接收节点的播放质量能够得到提高,当网络中的节点间带宽剧烈变化的情况下,对比提高尤为明显.     

P2P网络流媒体关键技术

P2P网络流媒体技术一直是学术界和产业界的研究热点.本文围绕覆盖网络拓扑结构,对现有的P2P流媒体系统作了全面的归类总结,深入介绍和分析了覆盖网络构建、数据块调度策略等P2P流媒体核心技术,并概要讨论视频编码、网络编码、覆盖网络拓扑优化、安全与激励机制等P2P流媒体相关增强技术.对典型P2P流媒体系统的性能进行了比较,...     

P2P流媒体系统关键技术概述

主要从资源定位和数据传输两个方面概述P2P流媒体系统的关键技术。资源定位主要介绍结构化和非结构化资源索引及节点选择方法,节点选择则从节点物理位置和节点异构性讨论。数据传输主要讨论数据拓扑结构、数据调度模式、数据片选择策略及与SVC、MDC视频编码的结合。     

A distributed utility‐based scheduling for peer‐to‐peer video streaming over wireless networks

Interactive multimedia applications such as peer‐to‐peer (P2P) video services over the Internet have gained increasing popularity during the past few years. However, the adopted Internet‐based P2P overlay network architecture hides the underlying network topology, assuming that channel quality is always in perfect condition. Because of the time‐varying nature of wireless channels, this hardly meets the user‐perceived video quality requirement when used in wireless environments. Considering the tightly coupled relationship between P2P overlay networks and the underlying networks, we propose a distributed utility‐based scheduling algorithm on the basis of a quality‐driven cross‐layer design framework to jointly optimize the parameters of different network layers to achieve highly improved video quality for P2P video streaming services in wireless networks. In this paper, the quality‐driven P2P scheduling algorithm is formulated into a distributed utility‐based distortion‐delay optimization problem, where the expected video distortion is minimized under the constraint of a given packet playback deadline to select the optimal combination of system parameters residing in different network layers. Specifically, encoding behaviors, network congestion, Automatic Repeat Request/Query (ARQ), and modulation and coding are jointly considered. Then, we provide the algorithmic solution to the formulated problem. The distributed optimization running on each peer node adopted in the proposed scheduling algorithm greatly reduces the computational intensity. Extensive experimental results also demonstrate 4–14 dB quality enhancement in terms of peak signal‐to‐noise ratio by using the proposed scheduling algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

P2P技术在IPTV中的应用

IPTV是基于宽带高速IP网的流媒体服务，提出基于对等网络模式的IPTV系统，从而克服了现在IPTV系统的“瓶颈”问题，对P2P技术存在的问题进行分析并提出对策。     

基于混合P2P的可运营流媒体服务体系的研究

提出了一种混合P2P模式下的流媒体服务体系,给出了一种解决P2P流媒体系统中的用户扩展、用户行为管理以及发行商,运营商利益问题的架构。该架构根据网络运营商的分布和网络邻近性构建分层分布式的体系结构达到用户的可扩展,引入管理体制和数字版权管理技术增强了网络的可管理性。     

CDNPatch: a cost‐effective failover mechanism for hybrid CDN‐P2P live streaming systems

Among the most well‐established live media distribution technologies is content delivery network (CDN), which improves user‐perceived quality of service by delivering content from proxy servers deployed at the Internet's edge. In recent years, CDN providers started to tap into their subscribers' peer‐to‐peer (P2P) capacity to alleviate their server costs. Under the inherent peer dynamics, a major challenge of these hybrid CDN‐P2P systems is to provide efficient failure recovery with good quality of service guarantees at a reduced server cost. In this work we propose a cost‐effective failover solution named CDNPatch to address the aforementioned problem. CDNPatch enables peers to periodically precompute a few backup content suppliers by efficient information exchange and maintenance algorithms, and leverages auxiliary CDN servers and an economic server provisioning algorithm to reduce the chance of playback interruption occurring to peers. Our simulation results show that CDNPatch can mask the impact of peer dynamics of 3 real P2P systems, namely, SOPCast, PPStream, and PPTV, with 100 % failure recovery success rate and a failure recovery time less than 1 second at a cost of small P2P communication overhead of less than 1 kilobits per second, while using only 10%, 21%, and 51%, respectively, of the pure CDN scheme's server consumption.     

Slack time–based scheduling scheme for live video streaming in P2P network

Nowadays, peer‐to‐peer network plays a significant role in data transfer and communication. The past few years have witnessed considerable growth in this area because of its inherent advantages. Peer‐to‐peer live streaming has a significant impact on video transmission over the Internet. Major factors that influence the performance of P2P live streaming are overlay construction and scheduling strategies. Although, a large number of scheduling schemes are developed but none of them is comprehensive enough to provide solutions to live streaming issues. These suffer from substantial delay and low video quality at the receiver side. In this paper, a new start‐up–based selection procedure and slack time–based scheduling scheme is proposed. The start‐up selection procedure defines the start‐up buffer location for new peer, and the scheduling scheme selects both the chunk and peers. The proposed scheduling scheme uses both push and pull priority–based strategies. The simulation results of the proposed approach demonstrates significant improvement in both the network performance and video quality at the receiver side. It is observed that playback delay, startup delay, and end‐to‐end delay in the network are reduced and quality of the video at receiver side is improved as the distortion and frame loss ratio is decreased.     

一种P2P直播系统调度管理方法的设计与实现

P2P网络是自由的网络,在P2P网络中,每个节点（Peer）都是对等的,可以进行信息和服务的自由交换。由于节点具有随机性,采用P2P技术实现流媒体的直播系统时,必须合理地对终端用户节点进行调度管理。针对这一问题,论文设计了一种P2P直播系统的调度管理方法,很好地解决了终端用户节点的调度管理问题,能使用户获取可靠性高、质量好的流媒体服务,对流媒体技术的发展具有一定的指导意义。     

P2P流媒体服务质量关键技术的研究

流媒体应用已成为当今互联网承载的主要业务之一,如何支持大规模用户在线使用流媒体,并保障流媒体的服务质量(QoS)尤为重要。依据P2P技术的特点和流媒体系统的发展,对比分析了典型流媒体系统的流服务策略,总结归纳了系统的优点与不足。以节点选择机制、数据调度机制、缓存机制、容错机制、激励机制为评价指标,重点对当前流媒体系统服务质量研究进行评述。最后对保障大规模可信流媒体服务质量的研究方向进行了展望。     

Distributed key management scheme for peer‐to‐peer live streaming services

Live media streaming over peer‐to‐peer (P2P) network structures is commonplace nowadays. However, with the large number of users in a typical P2P system, it is impractical to use the central server to process the key information update requests of all the users Accordingly, the present study proposes a distributed key management scheme in which the server is only required to transmit the key update information to a limited number of users. To further reduce the load on the server, the update information is distributed using a hop‐by‐hop approach. An effective method is proposed for protecting the key update information as it is propagated through the network. In addition, a technique is presented for ensuring the security of the certificates used in the system It is shown that the distributed key management scheme and authentication procedure ensure an efficient and secure P2P live streaming performance even in the event of high churn rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于P2P通用计算平台的安全模型设计与实现

文章通过研究一种P2P通用计算平台（TIPMAN）,发现该平台在安全信任方面的不足,提出了在TIPMAN平台的应用层和P2P网络层之间增加新的P2P服务安全层。通过该层的对等组成员资格认证使一个对等点经认证后加入到一个对等组,安全通信机制实现了对等点之间数据的安全传输,确保了P2P应用的安全性。     

一种基于P2P的流媒体终端流量管理算法建模分析

基于P2P网络的流媒体技术可以向大规模用户群提供高质量、可交互的流媒体服务。本文以流媒体终端的功能模块为基础,探讨了一种P2P网络流媒体终端的分层结构模型,并着重对其中流管理模块中的节点自适应调整(peer adaptation)算法进行了建模分析,通过仿真对设计的模型算法及策略进行了对比验证,表明了同时采用所有策略的方式流量管理效果最好。     

SeekStream: adapting to dynamic user behavior in P2P video‐on‐demand

In recent years, the users' perceived quality of experience (QoE) in streaming services has gained a lot of attention. Particularly, a number of research efforts have focused on providing live streaming and video‐on‐demand (VoD) services using peer‐to‐peer (P2P) architectures. However, in these proposed architectures, the heterogeneity of users and their dynamic behavior has not been sufficiently studied. In a real life scenario, where users have highly heterogeneous bandwidth resources (cable, DSL, 3G networks, etc) and can arbitrarily decide to perform a VCR function (stop, fast forward and seeking), ignoring this behavior can significantly deteriorate the system's efficiency and the perceived QoE. In this paper, we present SeekStream, a scalable P2P VoD architecture that ensures the stable delivery of the video stream to every participating user even in cases of high heterogeneity and frequent seeking operations. Specifically, SeekStream is a set of algorithms that optimize the P2P overlay dynamically and in a distributed fashion, making it adaptive to users dynamic behavior and bandwidth changes. The available bandwidth resources of the participating users are optimally exploited, keeping the contribution from the media server(s) to a minimal level. To illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms, we are using a centralized overlay network manager that discovers the optimal network graph as a reference. We have developed an extensive P2P VoD simulator that shows the efficiency, scalability, and stability of our system under variant and dynamic conditions. The algorithms of our proposed system introduce less than 4% bandwidth overhead while we achieve high offloading of the media server(s). SeekStream guarantees a high block reception rate for the users, even under extreme seeking patterns. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

异构环境下P2P直播流媒体调度算法研究

对节点上行带宽异构环境下的P2P流媒体系统数据块调度算法进行了研究,具体包括系统模型及相关标识,基于带宽感知的数据块调度算法研究和性能评价。通过研究发现,在设计数据块调度算法时充分利用带宽异构性,优先选择高上行带宽的节点,能有效地降低平均块延时。     

Real-Time Streaming Relay Mechanism for P2P Conferences on Hierarchical Overlay Networks

A peer-to-peer (P2P) multimedia conferencing service is operating that users share their resources to each other on the Internet. It can solve the problem in the centralized conferencing architecture, such as the centralized loading, single point error, and expensive infrastructure. However, P2P networks have the problem that a peer has a difference between the physical location and logical location in the overlay network. In the viewpoint of P2P networks, the nearest conference resource may be far away geographically. The P2P-session initiation protocol (P2P-SIP) multimedia conference is to construct an application-based logical multicast network efficiently according to physical network information. Thus, this paper proposes a real-time streaming relay mechanism for P2P conferences on hierarchical overlay networks. The real-time streaming relay mechanism can improve the transportation efficiency of conferencing stream exchange well based on the application-layer multicast (ALM) structure and the hierarchical overlay networks.