煤层群煤与瓦斯安全高效共采体系及应用

提出了高瓦斯煤层群煤与瓦斯安全高效共采的概念：在煤层群开采条件下，首先开采瓦斯含量低、无突出危险的首采煤层，利用其采动影响使处在其上部和下部的煤层卸压，煤层透气性成百倍地增加，从而形成高效的瓦斯抽采条件．同时进行的卸压瓦斯高效抽采既解决了由卸压煤层向首采煤层涌出瓦斯问题，保障首采煤层实现安全高效开采，又大幅度地降低了卸压煤层的瓦斯含量，消除了煤与瓦斯突出危险性，为在卸压煤层内实施快速掘进与高效采煤方法提供了安全保障，从而实现了瓦斯与煤炭两种资源的安全高效共采．文中介绍了针对不同卸压瓦斯流动特点的近程、中程和远程卸压瓦斯抽采方法及工程应用实践，最后对高瓦斯煤层群煤与瓦斯安全高效共采体系的应用前景进行了分析．     

近距离煤层群首采保护层工作面瓦斯综合治理技术研究

瓦斯治理仍是世界性难题。本文针对赤峪煤矿近距离高瓦斯煤层群首采保护层C0202工作面瓦斯治理问题,提出了沿空留巷Y型通风配合本煤层顺层钻孔、两巷底板穿层钻孔、顶抽巷高位穿层钻孔、采空区埋管的＂五措并举＂治理措施,实现了工作面成功连续留巷200m,瓦斯抽采率高达70%,回风流瓦斯浓度控制在0.4%左右的效果,保证了工作面的安全高效开采。该研究成果可为赋存条件相似的煤层群开采瓦斯治理提供借鉴。     

突出矿井煤层群开采首采保护层区域消突技术实践

以突出矿井谢桥煤矿为例,介绍了煤层群开采首采保护层卸压瓦斯抽采工程设计和被保护煤层卸压瓦斯抽采效果.实践表明,谢桥矿1242(1)保护层开采实践证明,在11-2煤层有效保护范围内的13-1煤层,可充分消除其突出危险性,并有利于被保护层瓦斯治理;经保护层开采后,不仅能最大程度消除高瓦斯突出危险煤层的瓦斯事故隐患,而且极大地提高了巷道掘进速度,从而缓解了工作面接替的紧张局面,有效提高了生产效率.保护层开采区域消突技术是防治煤与瓦斯突出最经济、有效的技术措施.     

新庄孜矿B8保护层开采对B6煤效果考察实践分析

以突出矿井新庄孜矿为例,介绍了煤层群开采首采保护层卸压瓦斯抽采工程设计及被保护层瓦斯抽采效果。通过在66208工作面回采过程中瓦斯压力测定、瓦斯抽采效果和煤层最大变形量的考察,得出保护层工作面开采后,被保护层B_6煤层透气性系数增大了902倍,B_6煤层残余瓦斯含量为2.43 m~3/t;得出实际走向及倾向方向上的有效保护范围。最大化的回收煤炭资源,取得了较好的效果。     

煤与远程卸压瓦斯安全高效共采试验研究

运用高瓦斯煤层群煤与瓦斯安全高效共采的思想,在淮南潘一矿进行了煤与瓦斯安全高效共采及远程瓦斯抽采的试验研究：首先开采瓦斯含量低、无突出危险的B11煤层,利用其采动影响使处在其上部70m(相对层间距35)的C13煤层卸压,煤层透气性系数增加近3000倍,瓦斯大量解吸并形成了沿顺层张裂隙流动的条件,通过在C13煤层底板沿走向布置的瓦斯抽采巷向C13煤层均匀地打网格式上向穿层钻孔,C13煤层内的卸压解吸瓦斯在煤层残余瓦斯压力和抽采负压作用下沿顺层张裂隙向抽采钻孔汇集,瓦斯抽采率达60%以上,不仅消除了煤与瓦斯突出危险性,而且相对瓦斯涌出量由原来25m^3／t下降到5m^3／t,工作面日产量由原来的1700t提高到5100t,成功地实现了煤与瓦斯两种资源的安全高效共采。     

演马庄煤矿突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面防治煤与瓦斯突出的方法和措施

介绍了演马庄煤矿 2 70 2工作面突出煤层炮采放顶煤效果检验的方法和防止煤与瓦斯突出所采取的措施 ,提出突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面瓦斯抽放是防止煤与瓦斯突出的有效手段 ,当工作面有煤与瓦斯突出危险时 ,采取恰当的防突措施 ,能够降低煤与瓦斯突出的危险程度 ,可供同类工作面回采时借鉴     

演马庄煤矿突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面防治煤与瓦斯突出的方法和措施

介绍了演马庄煤矿2702工作面突出煤层炮采放顶煤效果检验的方法和防止煤与瓦斯突出所采取的措施,提出突出煤层炮采放顶煤工作面瓦斯抽放是防止煤与瓦斯突出的有效手段,当工作面有煤与瓦斯突出危险时,采取恰当的防突措施,能够降低煤与瓦斯突出的危险程度,可供同类工作面回采时借鉴.     

地面群孔瓦斯抽采技术应用研究

为保证新集一矿突出煤层13-1煤北中央采区的安全开采,先后开采131103、131105等11-2煤层工作面作为保护层。首先在上述两个工作面共布置了6个地面钻孔,建立了地面群孔瓦斯抽采系统,预抽采动区被保护层13-1煤瓦斯。接下来对地面钻孔抽采瓦斯参数进行了考察,主要包括基于示踪技术考察了131105工作面采动卸压地面钻孔走向及倾向瓦斯抽采半径,统计分析被保护层瓦斯抽采率,同时就地面群孔与井下底板巷穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采两种方法进行了抽采率、工程费用等方面的对比。研究结果表明：新集一矿的地层条件下地面钻孔抽采煤层卸压瓦斯沿煤层倾向和走向的抽采半径分别不小于160m和240m;采动区地面群孔瓦斯抽采率达35%以上;地面钻孔相对比井下底板巷,在抽采瓦斯方面具有技术上可靠、安全、经济等优点。     

缓倾斜近距离煤层群首采面底板破坏深度研究

以镇雄县大营煤矿C_5和C_6煤层为研究对象,针对近距离煤层群中的C_5煤层工作面底板采动破坏进行了力学分析,同时结合数值模拟方法,研究了C_5煤层作为首采工作面,在开采过程中的采动应力分布和底板破坏特征,并论证了C_5煤层作为首采工作面的可行性,C_5煤层的开采不会对C_6煤层后续开采造成太大影响,并为大营煤矿瓦斯抽采提供了基础性成果资料。     

低透气性近距离强突出煤层群瓦斯治理模式研究

低透气性近距离强突出煤层群首采层打钻极易喷孔,引发瓦斯安全事故。以皖北煤电祁东煤矿II三采区为例,基于首采层7₁煤分段压裂水平井预抽煤层瓦斯改性效果和上区段8₂煤定向长钻孔拦截抽采下临近层9煤卸压瓦斯效果,提出了综合运用分段压裂水平井、定向长钻孔、地面钻井、多用底板巷、顶板走向钻孔等技术的瓦斯治理模式,可有效减少井下工程量,提高钻孔施工及抽采效率,保证煤层安全高效开采。该模式演变后可进一步减少巷道和钻孔工作量,有效缓解接替紧张压力。     

Comparing potentials for gas outburst in a Chinese anthracite and an Australian bituminous coal mine

Gas outbursts in underground mining occur under conditions of high gas desorption rate and gas content, combined with high stress regime, low coal strength and high Young’s modulus. This combination of gas and stress factors occurs more often in deep mining. Hence, as the depth of mining increases, the potential for outburst increases. This study proposes a conceptual model to evaluate outburst potential in terms of an outburst indicator. The model was used to evaluate the potential for gas outburst in two mines, by comparing numerical simulations of gas flow behavior under typical stress regimes in an Australian gassy mine extracting a medium-volatile bituminous coal, and a Chinese gassy coal mine in Qinshui Basin (Shanxi province) extracting anthracite coal. We coupled the stress simulation program (FLAC3D) with the gas simulation program (SIMED II) to compute the stress and gas pressure and gas content distribution following development of a roadway into the targeted coal seams. The data from gas content and stress distribution were then used to quantify the intensity of energy release in the event of an outburst.     

河北省煤矿区瓦斯赋存构造控制

通过对河北省7个煤与瓦斯突出矿井、12个高瓦斯矿井、32个低瓦斯矿井煤矿区瓦斯地质特征的研究,提出了河北省瓦斯赋存构造逐级控制理论,华北板块构造控制河北省瓦斯分布,区域构造控制各矿区瓦斯分布,矿井构造控制采区、采面瓦斯.厘定出开平煤田北西翼高突带、下花园八宝山高突带、邯邢煤田鼓山东侧深部高瓦斯带和兴隆-宽城-松树台高瓦斯带4个高瓦斯带.研究表明:河北省内煤矿区高突瓦斯矿井的分布受控于EW向燕山褶皱带和NNE太行山构造带两大构造带,具有分带特征,太行山东麓的瓦斯由于深大断裂和地下水的控制而呈现"西低东高,南小北大"的态势,燕山褶皱带受燕山期NW-SE向水平挤压作用发育有逆冲推覆构造,密集发育的逆断层造成煤层叠瓦式分布有利于瓦斯的保存,80%矿井含煤地层集中在石炭二叠系,石炭二叠系瓦斯突出危险性要比侏罗系煤层大.     

Characteristics and dominant controlling factors of gas outburst in Huaibei coalfield and its countermeasures

In order to master the main characteristics and controlling factors of gas disasters in Huaibei coalfield, based on data analysis, experimental determination and theoretical research, we analyzed the geological evolution and gas parameters in Huaibei mining area. The results show that Huaibei coalfield is located in Xu-Su arcuate tectonic circle, and the coal seam and gas occurrence took on bipolar-distribution. The dominant controlling factors of gas outburst were tectonic structures, tectonic stress, magma intrusion and mining depth. The geological conditions of Huaibei coalfield were very complicated, and almost all the outburst accidents occurred in tectonic structure zones. The horizontal tectonic stress played a dominant role in outburst accident. The thermal evolution and trap effect of magma intrusion controlled the physical characteristics of coal, gas occurrence and outburst. With the increase of mining depth, the possibility of gas outburst accidents increased significantly. After carrying out several effective regional measurements, the gas control effect was obvious and could ensure safety and high efficiency mining in outburst coal seams.     

Review of coal and gas outburst in Australian underground coal mines

Outburst of coal and gas represents a significant risk to the health and safety of mine personnel working in development and longwall production face areas. There have been over 878 outburst events recorded in twenty-two Australian underground coal mines. Most outburst incidents have been associated with abnormal geological conditions.Details of Australian outburst incidents and mining experience in conditions where gas content was above current threshold levels are presented and discussed. Mining experience suggests that for gas content below 9.0 m³/t, mining in carbon dioxide (CO₂) rich seam gas conditions does not pose a greater risk of outburst than mining in CH₄ rich seam gas conditions. Mining experience also suggests that where no abnormal geological structures are present that mining in areas with gas content greater than the current accepted threshold levels can be undertaken with no discernible increase in outburst risk. The current approach to determining gas content threshold limits in Australian mines has been effective in preventing injury from outburst, however operational experience suggests the current method is overly conservative and in some cases the threshold limits are low to the point that they provide no significant reduction in outburst risk. Other factors that affect outburst risk, such as gas pressure, coal toughness and stress and geological structures are presently not incorporated into outburst threshold limits adopted in Australian mines. These factors and the development of an outburst risk index applicable to Australian underground coal mining conditions are the subject of ongoing research.     

国投新登煤业31采区北翼瓦斯赋存规律研究

国投新登煤业前期采掘过程中矿井瓦斯涌出量较低,但随着开采深度的增加,瓦斯含量及压力具有明显上升的趋势,矿井迫切需要搞清深部区域的瓦斯赋存规律.结合矿井实际情况针对这一问题进行了研究,分析了影响深部区域瓦斯涌出的各种因素;研究了煤层瓦斯含量与埋藏深度的关系,绘制了31采区北翼的瓦斯含量等值线图;结合《防治煤与瓦斯突出规定》对该区的瓦斯突出危险程度进行了评价,划分出了突出危险区,并给出了防治煤与瓦斯突出的技术措施.现场生产表明,研究结果符合矿井实际情况,对矿井安全生产具有一定的指导意义.     

新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出特征及控制因素分析

为了掌握煤与瓦斯突出的特征和控制因素,提高煤矿防突工作的针对性,本文通过统计分析了新安煤田内义煤集团的4个煤与瓦斯突出矿井近年来发生的瓦斯动力现象,综合分析得出新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出具有以小型突出为主、突出前有预兆并受作业方式诱导、突出点附近瓦斯质量体积和瓦斯压力高、易发生在掘进工作面和煤层变化带的特征;分析总结了埋藏深度、瓦斯赋存、地质构造、煤层厚度变化、构造软煤、作业工艺是控制新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素,为该煤田防治煤与瓦斯突出提供了理论指导.     

Research on Geological Structure Mark of Coal and Gas Outbursts in Pingdingshan Mining Area

Based on the study of regional displaying rules of coal and gas outburst controlled by geological structure in Pingdingshan mining area, the geological structure features in outburst sites were investigated emphatically. The combination type, orientation and least seam thickness in outburst sites were put forward. This research provides a geological mark for forecasting gas outbursts in deep mining.     

Investigations into the identification and control of outburst risk in Australian underground coal mines

Australian coal mines currently use gas content to assess outburst risk. The gas content threshold values for each mine are indirectly determined from measurement of gas volume liberated from 150 g coal samples during Q_3 residual gas content testing. It has been more than twenty years since this method, known as desorption rate index(DRI), was presented to the Australian coal industry, and in that time, there have been significant changes in mining conditions and the outburst threshold limits used at the benchmark Bulli seam mines. NSW Regulations list matters to be considered in developing control measures to manage the risk of gas outburst, and specifies that gas content, or DRI method, is used as the basis for determining outburst control zone. Whilst Queensland Regulations state that a coal or rock outburst is a high potential incident, there is no guidance provided to assist mine operators to define outburst prone conditions. A research project is planned at UOW to investigate the application of the DRI method and other potentially significant factors, such as gas pressure, coal toughness and permeability, which can be utilised by mine operators to assess outburst risk and determine appropriate outburst threshold limits and controls.     

高瓦斯煤层群保护层开采卸压效果数值模拟

为合理选择保护层,针对高瓦斯突出煤层群安全开采问题,分析了保护层开采的保护作用机理,即保护层开采可对被保护层起到卸压增透作用,改善被保护层的瓦斯抽放效果是解决煤与瓦斯突出问题及瓦斯灾害的重要技术手段;卸压对煤与瓦斯突出及瓦斯问题的解决具有决定作用.针对某矿高瓦斯突出煤层群生产地质条件,采用FLAC3D数值软件模拟2个非突出煤层作为保护层开采时的卸压效果,并对其进行了分析比较,研究结果可为保护层的合理选择提供参考依据.     

加强瓦斯地质研究 防治煤与瓦斯突出

简述了平顶山矿区煤与瓦斯突出概况，根据影响煤与瓦斯突出的地质因素，开展了多项瓦斯地质研究课题，找出影响本区煤与瓦斯突出的内在因素和部分规律。在防治煤与瓦斯突出方面促进了安全生产，提高了经济效益。对今后瓦斯地质工作提出了建议。