苯酚型成青成色剂的活性和结构的关系

本文研究了11个苯酚型成青成色剂的活性和其结构的关系。以T.S.S.(N,N-二乙基对苯二胺硫酸盐)为显影剂,采用外偶法对这些成色剂进行彩色显影,结果证明,其彩色显影动力学符合Elvegard关系式。本研究中,用HMO方法计算了这些成色剂的偶合位置的超离域度S_r~((E))。作为化学活性的表征,研究中发现,此参数能较好地反应成色剂的偶合活性,并发现,成色剂偶合位置的邻位取代基对彩色显影的偶合反应有空间障碍作用。     

释放显影促进剂的成色剂(DAR成色剂)的合成和照相性能研究

释放显影促进剂的成色剂即DAR成色剂 ,是一类以提高感光度为目的的功能性成色剂 .DAR成色剂自 2 0世纪 80年代初期开发研究至今 ,对彩色感光材料向高感、微粒方面发展起了举足轻重的作用 .DAR成色剂的典型结构可表示为 :Cp L A ,其中Cp代表成色剂母体、L是吸附基团、A是显影促进基团 .成色剂母体可以是黄、品、青成色剂和无色化合物 4种 ;吸附基团一般为含氮杂环衍生物 ,它的主要作用是吸附在卤化银颗粒表面 ,吸附基团吸附能力的强弱直接影响DAR成色剂的使用效果 ;显影促进基团常用的是β 酰基苯肼类化合物 ,它的作用是促进显影 .本…     

品马斯克（Mask）成色剂应用研究

彩色负片用品红成色剂在彩色显影时与显影剂氧化物反应形成品红染料。它对绿光有选择吸收,同时对蓝光也存在较大的有害吸收(约占30％)。为了防止由于品红成色剂有害吸收而造成的彩色还原失真,多采用自动马斯克(Mask)技术,即用带色成色剂进行内部校色。品Mask成色剂是能吸收蓝光的黄色染料,经过曝光,在彩色显影时随着     

有组织介质中的偶合反应：Ⅰ.油溶性成色剂的偶合活性

本文采用连续流动装置测量，并配合数值模拟法得到表征五种油珠分散状叔戊酰苯胺型成色剂的油珠偶合活性的偶合反应比速率常数和表观偶合速率常数，同时测定了叔戊酰苯胺型成色剂油珠在胶片层中的照相活性以及表征它们在非水溶液中分子偶合活性的解离常数ＰＫａ值，并且比较上述结果，研究表明，油珠状成色剂的反应规律与分子状成色剂的应规律不是不相同的，这是由于经过“分子组装”后的成色剂油珠在反应时不再以分子为反应单元而是     

二当量成色剂的近代发展

近年来彩色胶卷质量不断提高,体现了高感、微粒、高清晰度及彩色还原好等等优良性能,其中二当量成色剂技术、DIR技术和色罩技术起了重要作用。 众所周知,现代彩色胶片的彩色影像的形成,使用的是彩色显影法。彩色显影的基本反应是四分子的卤化银形成一分子的染料。这样的成色剂称四当量成色剂。     

释放显影抑制剂型成色剂在彩色影像形成过程中的动力学研究Ⅱ.DIR和DIAR成色剂对染料影像形成的主反应的影响

继前文测定了成染料成色剂、DIR和DIAR成色剂与QDI的偶合反应的速率常数的基础上,本文进一步研究了DIR和DIAR成色剂对染料影像形成的主反应的作用.研究结果表明其作用(1)DIR或DIAR参与与成染料成色剂竞争QDI的反应,从而控制了QDI在显影银周围的扩散距离,同时也影响了染料的形成速率;(2)DIR和DIAR成色剂在与QDI反应后所释放的显影抑制剂抑制了卤化银的显影进程,从而控制了QDI的形成速率.两种作用的结果都使染料云的尺寸减小.本文还比较了体系中加入等摩尔(mol)量的带有相同抑制基团的DIR或DIAR成色剂的情况下,它们对主反应的影响,结果表明无论是对QDI的竞争作用或对显影的抑制作用,其作用大小都取决于它们与QDI反应的表现速率常数K值.     

无色功能性成色剂

简述了在彩色显影中无色功能性成色剂的特点、结构类型和作用机理。根据无色功能性成色剂在彩色显影中作用的不同,主要分为4大类,并对其结构特点和作用进行了阐述。     

明胶层中的扩散和反应的动力学研究——(Ⅲ)水溶性成色剂的偶合反应动力学

利用流动动力学装置跟踪测量技术和数值模拟技术研究了明胶层中水溶性成色剂的偶合反应动力学过程。通过实验结果与反应物在明胶层中边扩散边发生化学反应动力学过程的数值模型计算结果的吻合表明:在明胶层中,当pH不变时,水溶性成色剂的偶合反应是二级反应,并且它虽然带有—C_(18)H_(37)基团,但在明胶中不会形成胶束。本文还分别测定了彩色显影剂CD-2和CD-4的氧化产物在明胶层中的扩散系数以及它们分别与水溶性成色剂WC-1的偶合反应的速率常数。     

金属离子对彩色成像过程的影响

通过测量和计算彩色单层片中成色剂的照相活性、偶合效率以及漂白前银密度等参数,研究了在分散四当量成色剂青(Ⅰ)时掺入金属离子Mg~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)对彩色青单层片的成像过程中各个化学反应的影响。本实验的结果表明,成色剂中加入的金属离子Cu~(2+)和Fe~(3+)对成像过程的初始反应中的Ag影像形成产生不利的影响,但它们能促进偶合过程中青(Ⅰ)与显影剂氧化产物作用所生成的隐色体转变成染料的速率。Mg~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的加入主要是对偶合过程中青(Ⅰ)的偶合效率产生不利的影响。上述原因的综合影响,最终降低了彩色单层片的感光度。     

彩色影像形态学的研究——染料云的形成过程与形态变化

在大颗粒(30—40μm)溴化银晶体上,使用高分散的油溶青成色剂,以CD-3为显影剂进行彩色显影,用显微摄影的方法,观察染料云在形成过程中的形态变化,并用显微密度计对图像进行了扫描。同时,研究了竞争成色剂和DIR成色剂对染料云形态的影响。     

Disperse Dyes Derived from 4-Phenylazo-1-naphthylamine and 4-Phenylazo-5-hydroxy-1-naphthylamine

Application of the Bucherer reaction between 1-naphthol and alky lamines gave a satisfactory synthesis of N-substituted 1-naphthylamines. A method avoiding the use of pressurised reaction vessels, i.e. reaction of 1-naphthol with alkylamines in the presence of zinc chloride and hydrochloric acid, is reported. Coupling of diazotised 6-chloro-2,4-dinitroaniline to the above intermediates affords blue dyes which colour synthetic-polymer fibres in deep shades of generally good fastness to light and sublimation. Similar use as coupling components of 5-hydroxy-1-naphthylamines enables blue dyes to be obtained without the use of trisubstituted anilines as diazo component. Dyes thus derived from 2-chloro-2-nitroaniline absorb at longer wavelength than those from 6-chloro-2,4-dinitroaniline with analogous 1-naphthyl-amine-based couplers. Similar bathochromic shifts are observed in dyes derived from 2-methoxy-1-naphthylamines as coupling components, but these dyes have poor stability. Relationships between colour and dye structure are reported, and the use of 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides as diazo components was additionally investigated. These give, with N-substituted 1-naphthylamines as coupling components, deep bluish-violet dyes of good fastness properties.     

A Possible In-Situ Thermal History Indicator for Uncured Film Ad hesives

A range of epoxy formulations, typical of aerospace adhesives, containing a pyrazolone dye, has been shown to undergo a reaction which results in a change in colour of the formulation. The rate of reaction depends greatly on the particular epoxy resin. The extent of reaction may be determined by direct coiour measurement or by chromatographic analysis of the remaining dye level. The possible use of this reaction as an in-situ thermal history indicator is discussed.     

正型重氮感光材料成像性能的研究

为提高重氮感光材料的成像性能,对正型重氮感光材料的光谱感度、重氮盐与偶合剂的自偶合效应,偶合活性和所生成的偶氮染料的发色效率,溶剂效应及图像的色牢度等进行了试验研究,为成功制作出高质量的重氮感光材料提供了基础。     

3-甲基-5-吡唑酮的合成研究

采用乙酰乙酸乙酯和水合肼为原料 ,无水乙醇为溶剂 ,对 3-甲基 - 5 -吡唑酮的合成反应进行了研究 ,在反应温度为 80°C,乙酰乙酸乙酯与水合肼摩尔比为 1∶ 1 .2 ,反应时间 3h的较佳工艺条件下 ,产物收率大于 85 % ,产物纯度大于 99.5 %。用 IR光谱对产物结构进行了确认     

有组织介质中的偶合反应Ⅱ．溶剂对偶合反应动力学的影响

本文采用连续流动装置，结合数学模型方法，测定了油溶性成色剂分别分散在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）、Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基十二烷基酰胺（ＤＥＤＡ）和磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）三种溶剂中的油珠在明胶层中分别与彩色显影剂ＣＤ－２、ＣＤ－３、ＣＤ－４和ＣＤ－６的氧化产物ＱＤＩ２、ＱＤＩ３、ＱＤＩ４、ＱＤＩ６进行偶合反应的比速率常数，研究溶剂对油珠分散状成色剂的反应速率的影响。结果表明，溶剂对偶合反应速率的影响很大，一般来说，ＫＤＢＰ＞ＫＴＢＰ≥ＫＤＥＤＡ。对同一种成色剂而言，它分别与ＱＤＩ２、ＱＤＩ３、ＱＤＩ４和ＱＤＩ６进行偶合反应的比速率常数值可以表征各种显影剂氧化产物的活性。结果还表明，ＱＤＩ２、ＱＤＩ３、ＱＤＩ４和ＱＤＩ６的活性顺序随着成色剂溶剂的不同而不同。本文对上述实验结果进行了分析，并从有组织介质中的反应的角度进行了讨论。     

Photoinduzierte Zersetzung von Arendiazoniumsalzen durch Pyrazolon- und Naphtholfarbstoffe

Photoinduced Decomposition of Arene Diazonium Salts by Pyrazolone and Naphthole Dyes The pyrazolone dyes 1–4 in their photoexcited singlet states bleached out by arene diazonium salts which dediazoniate during the reaction. Both compounds react in equal proportion. The quantum yields increase with the increasing of the concentration and electron acceptor properties of the diazonium salts and increasing of the electron donor properties of the dyes. The quantum yields of dye bleaching decrease on addition of DABCO or allylic thiourea, whereas the dediazoniation is not influenced. A kinetic model based on a primary electron transfer from the excited dye to arene diazonium salt is presented and used to determine rate constants for individual partial reactions.     

Zur Reaktion von „Pyrazolonblau”︁ mit Diazomethan

About the Reaction of „Pyrazolone Blue”︁ with Diazomethane The reaction of “pyrazolone blue” with diazomethane was investigated. A pyridazinone derivative 3 , a heterocyclic spiro-cyclopropyl product 4 and a compound 7 , which contains three pyrazolone and two diazomethane entities, are formed. 3 reacts with an excess of diazomethane to the methoxy derivative 6 . The spiro-cyclopropyl compound 4 is not stable and isomerizes to the corresponding 4,4′-methylidene-bispyrazolone 5 . The structures of the products were established by spectroscopic methods and X-ray analysis.     

生物膜反应器组合工艺对COD、氮类物质去除研究

针对北方冬季寒冷低温条件下,废水中COD、氮类物质降解效果低下的缺点,采用生物膜反应器脱氮组合工艺,投加一定比例悬浮性填料,在温度12℃以下进行小试研究,结果显示,HRT=18h,污泥回流比Qr=200%,混合液回流比Qr=80%,控制填料填充率在35%,曝气溶解氧控制在2~3mg/L,能够使出水中的COD、NH_3-N和TN达到国家一级A标准。     

Synthesis of branched azo dyes based on benzene sulphonamide intermediates and their spectral properties

Benzene sulphonamide intermediates and two series of branched azo dyes (one series with H‐Acid as the coupling component, and the other, with a pyrazolone derivative as the coupling component) derived from them were synthesised. The molecular structures, spectroscopic properties and dyeing properties of the dyes obtained have been investigated. The results indicated that these dyes showed one dominant hue, despite each separate branch of chromophore, and, in the first series, four chromophoric groups led to only a threefold increase in the extinction coefficient, while the same comparison in the second series produced a fully additive effect, i.e. a fourfold increase. Compared with the mono‐branch dye of each series, the dyeing properties of the H‐Acid series were improved, whereas the pyrazolone series that were run diversely for the two series were synthesised from different coupling components. In addition, the crystallographic structure of the tri‐branch intermediate showed a non‐coplanar structure, which indicated that the derived dye would perform as the sum of three similar chromophoric units.     

彩色相纸成色剂油乳分散新工艺研究

经过对彩色相纸成色剂油乳分散的工艺进行研究,开发出高温溶解辅助高压均质的新工艺,将彩 色相纸成色剂溶解在无低沸点助溶剂中并分散成油乳。油乳的物理性能如颗粒分布、稳定性等和照相性能都达 到了现有工艺的水平。新工艺既能大幅度降低低沸点溶剂对环境的污染又能较大幅度降低成本,具有明显的应 用价值。