基于专家-模糊PID控制的松散回潮出口水分控制系统设计

松散回潮属于大时滞系统,其出口烟叶水分控制所采用的带前馈-串级控制达不到理想的控制效果。在生产过程中需要根据经验手动修改加水系数,并没有真正实现完全自动化控制。提出了一种将专家系统、模糊推理和常规PID控制相互结合的新方法实现了松散回朝出口水分的控制,利用专家系统对加水系数进行自动决策;采用模糊推理方法分别对前室加水控制器与后室水分控制器的PID参数进行了在线自适应整定,实现了松散回潮出口水分控制的全自动化,提高了松散回潮出口水分的稳定性与精确性。     

基于广义预测控制的松散回潮出口含水率控制系统

松散回潮作为卷烟生产加工的首道核心工序,其出口含水率稳定性对后续各工序工艺指标有着直接的影响。为解决松散回潮工序烟片出口含水率控制精度低、过程控制能力弱等问题,本文围绕德国虹霓TB-L（flex）松散回潮机控制系统进行优化升级,充分利用厂内现有的工业控制和信息化系统采集制丝实时数据并分析,而后采用广义预测控制（generalized predictive control,GPC）方法,建立了具备工况自适应能力的加水量动态预测和调整模型,并编写相应的软件模块对过程进行自动化控制,实现了工艺过程参数动态优化、智能化的预测性控制系统。实际应用效果表明,该系统有效提高了松散回潮工序出口含水率稳定性。     

自动涂胶机压力控制系统设计与仿真

研究涂胶机压力控制优化问题,由于涂胶机要求温度、压力及定量出胶的控制,定量机的压力控制是涂胶机控制系统的核心部分.针对传统的模糊控制和PID控制分别存在稳态误差和响应速度慢等问题,提出了模糊PID复合控制方法,对涂胶过程中的压力控制进行了改进.在涂胶控制过程中,将定量机的工作过程分解为预压、涂胶和充胶三个连续的过程,在预压压力控制系统中通过判别阀值将压力控制分成模糊控制段与PID控制段,从而提高涂胶机的涂胶精度.仿真结果表明复合控制兼顾了模糊控制和PID控制的优点,响应迅速且没有稳态误差,因而控制效果较好.     

工字轮收线机排线换向控制建模及仿真分析

针对工字轮在收线过程中存在的排线换向控制问题,给出了排线换向控制的物理模型,建立了排线换向过程的动力学模型。对该数学模型进行了常规PID控制算法的验证性仿真分析,对基于模糊PID控制算法与基于径向基函数(RBF)神经网络PID控制算法在该模型上的应用进行了对比分析。结果表明,所建模型能够正确模拟收线机排线换向过程,基于模糊PID控制算法可以更有效地改善收线机排线换向效果,仿真数据可以为收线机排线换向控制系统的设计与优化提供参考依据。     

热定型机的神经网络优化模糊-PID控制研究

热定型机的温度是复合管材生产过程中的重要参数，往往需要精确控制。由于该温度对象具有滞后特性，采用传统的PID控制、模糊控制或神经网络控制等单一的控制策略效果并不十分理想。本文提出了神经网络优化模糊一PID控制，并进行了相应研究，研究结果表明，该控制方法在超调量、调节时间、稳态偏差等控制性能指标上比传统的PID和单一的智能控制具有较好的效果。     

一种基于OPC通讯的自适应模糊PID控制优化设计

给出了一种利用先进控制技术有效实时优化控制系统参数的方法。首先利用组态软件MCGS设计控制系统监控界面,采用OPC（OLE for Process Control）通讯在MATLAB中得到控制系统实时参数;根据上位机MCGS中实时控制系统的控制要求,在MATLAB中设计自适应模糊PID控制算法优化该控制系统的控制参数,再利用OPC实时通讯将优化后的控制参数传输返回至MCGS来对控制系统进行实时控制。以二阶液位控制系统为仿真实例,仿真结果体现了自适应模糊控制PID算法对实际控制过程的现实意义,且控制过程实时有效,提高了控制效率。     

气垫船航向的智能控制及仿真研究

研究气垫船航向优化控制问题,航向受到多种影响,具有非线性、时变等特点,常规PID难以建立精确的控制模型,控制精度低,影响航向控制.为了提高气垫船航向控制精度,提出一种粒子群优化算法、最小二乘支持向量机和常规PID相融合的气垫船航向控制算法(PSO-LSSVM-liD).采用粒子群算法对气垫船PID参数进行在线整定,同时采用最小二乘支持向量机对航向变化进行预测,然后PID根据预测结果对气垫船航向进行超前控制.仿真结果表明,PSO-LSSVM-PID提高了气垫船航向控制精度,克服了常规PID控制算法存的缺陷,环境适应能力更强,可以保证气垫船安全航行.     

支持向量机在PID控制器参数整定中的仿真研究

PID控制是应用最为广泛的控制方法,由于系统中存在非线性和时变性,影响建立精确的模型,系统性能.为了解决控制参数整定,改善系统性能,提出一种基于支持向量机的PID控制器参数整定方法.通过将支持向量机和PID控制器相结合建立支持向量机的参数整定模型,在控制过程中将PID控制的参数作为支持向量机的输入,构造参数自适应学习的PID控制器,在控制过程中动态调整PID的三个控制参数,进行仿真的在线整定.仿真结果表明,支持向量机的PID控制方法在处理非线性和时变系统时,提高了实时性能,增强系统稳定性,并获得更好的控制效果,为通用非线性PID控制器设计提供了依据.     

搜寻者优化算法与卡尔曼滤波相结合的PID控制

针对传统PID控制器的参数整定依靠经验调整,且在控制过程中,系统易受多种噪声影响的问题,提出搜寻者优化算法与卡尔曼滤波相结合的PID控制方法。利用搜寻者优化算法对PID参数进行智能优化,利用卡尔曼滤波器实现对控制噪声和测量噪声的有效抑制。对二阶延迟系统进行仿真试验,结果表明,与传统PID控制方法相比,该方法可以智能地获得较优的PID参数,有效剔除了控制过程中的噪声干扰,实现了调节速度快、稳态误差低、抗干扰能力强的智能PID控制。     

矿井通风机倒机过程自适应PID抗饱和控制器设计

针对矿井通风机倒机过程中存在的执行器饱和问题,将变结构PID抗饱和控制与非线性自适应控制相结合,设计了自适应PID抗饱和控制器。基于带死区的投影算法建立矿井通风机倒机过程线性和非线性模型;针对这2个模型,分别设计一个变结构PID抗饱和控制器;计算线性和非线性自适应PID抗饱和控制器在不同状态下的运行评价指标,选择评价指标值较小的控制器用于该状态下的矿井通风机倒机过程控制。仿真结果表明,自适应PID抗饱和控制器能够保证井下传输风量的平稳,很好地解决了执行器饱和问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.