超级电容器储能材料的研究进展

超级电容器高的电能储存密度以及长的使用寿命引起了世界范围内的关注.通过参考和整理当前超级电容器的研究进展,介绍了两大类超级电容器的原理、主要性能、目前的发展情况和特点.同时,总结了改善和提高超级电容器储能密度的各种材料的选取、制备工艺和途径.在此基础上,认为电化学超级电容器比电介质超级电容器具有更大的储能密度及市场前景.然而,由于电介质超级电容器的独特性能,其在一些电子电气设备、元器件的应用中具有不可替代的作用,值得深入研究.     

混合超级电容器电极材料研究进展

综述了多孔碳电极材料,金属氧化物、嵌锂化合物、导电聚合物等电化学活性电极材料,以及由这些材料制备的复合电极材料的研究进展。     

二氧化锰基超级电容器的电荷储能机理研究进展

碳基材料(如碳纳米管、石墨烯和介孔碳)是典型的电化学双电层超级电容器电极材料.虽然碳基材料表现出优异的电化学稳定性能,但其比电容较低.因此,常用赝电容材料与其复合.赝电容材料中,二氧化锰(MnO2)因理论比电容高、价格低、储量丰富和环境友好等特点,被广泛应用于超级电容器中.然而,MnO2导电性能差、在循环充放电过程中相...     

超级电容器电极材料研究进展

作为一种介于电池和传统电容器之间的新型储能装置,超级电容器在性能方面很大程度上缩小了两者之间的差距。总结了适用于超级电容器的各种电极材料,按照储能机理的差异对其进行分类,总结了不同类型超级电容器的最新研究成果,并举例说明了不同类型超级电容器的优缺点。     

美发明纳米管固态超级电容器 推动储能器发展

莱斯大学研究人员发明了一种以纳米管为基础的固态超级电容器。它有望集高能电池和快速充电电容器的最佳性质于一个装置中,以适合极限环境下使用。相关研究成果发表在《碳杂志》上。     

纳米Fe3O4-活性炭混合超级电容器电化学性能的研究

研究了以纳米FeaO4和活性炭(AC)为电极材料的超级电容器.以FeSO4·7H2O和氨水为原料,采用微波法制备出平均粒径为36nm的Fe3O4纳米粒子.组装了以6mol/L KOH溶液为电解液的Fe3O4/KOH/Fe3O4、AC/KOH/AC、Fe3O4/KOH/AC三种类型的模拟电容器.用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗法对电容器进行了电化学性能测试.结果发现,混合电容器的工作电压可达到1.2V.电流密度为0.5mA/cm2时,正/负极质量比为1.5的Fe3O4/KOH/AC电容器的能量密度达到9.25Wh/kg,与AC/KOH/AC电容器相比,能量密度提高了53.4%.     

超级电容器电极材料及电解液的研究进展

为应对环境污染造成的气候变化,中国提出碳达峰、碳中和目标。为实现这一目标,有必要使用新工艺、新设备来改善传统能源造成的温室气体排放。作为介于传统电容器和化学电源之间的一种新型储能器件,超级电容器具有功率密度高、循环寿命长、温度范围宽和绿色安全等优点,已经广泛应用到电子设备、智慧电网和储能等领域,有效地起到了碳减排作用。电极材料和电解液是构成超级电容器的主要组成部分,也是影响超级电容器性能的关键因素。综述了超级电容器在电极材料及电解液方面的研究进展,并详细介绍了对它们的优缺点,展望了其未来发展趋势。     

超级电容器的储能原理及其电极材料的研究进展

超级电容器因具有高比功率、大电容和循环寿命长等特点,成为一种新型的储能装置,具有广泛阔应用前景.它可分为双电层电容器、法拉第准电容器和混合型超级电容器.重点介绍了超级电容器的储能原理及其电极材料的研究进展,并探讨了以后的发展方向.     

超级电容器电极材料

本文综述了碳基材料、金属氧化物及水合物材料和导电聚合物材料作为超级电容器电极材料的最新研究进展。     

超级电容器有机导电聚合物电极材料的研究进展

有机导电聚合物是一类重要的超级电容器电极材料.有机聚合物掺杂状态下,因具有共轭结构,从而提高了电子的离域性,对外表现可以导电.根据掺杂类型和组合的不同,超级电容器有机聚合物电极可分为3种基本类型.阐述了有机聚合物电极的导电原理和分类,介绍了有机聚合物电极的研究现状和发展趋势.     

混合储能系统分散自适应强扭曲虚拟阻抗控制

为提高负载冲击条件下混合储能系统(hybridenergystoragesystem,HESS)的稳定能力,考虑模型不确定及上界未知等现实约束,基于自适应高阶滑模控制理论,提出一种分散自适应强扭曲虚拟阻抗控制(decentralized adaptive super-twisting virtual impedance...     

Multiobjective design of actively controlled structures using a hybrid optimization method

A multiobjective approach to the combined structure and control optimization problem for flexible space structures is presented. The proposed formulation addresses robustness considerations for controller design, as well as a simultaneous determination of optimum actuator locations. The structural weight, controlled system energy, stability robustness index and damping augmentation provided by the active controller are considered as objective functions of the multiobjective problem which is solved using a cooperative game-theoretic approach. The actuator locations and the cross-sectional areas of structural members are treated as design variables. Since the actuator locations are spatially discrete, whereas the cross-sectional areas are continuous, the optimization problem has mixed discrete-continuous design variables. A solution approach to this problem based on a hybrid optimization scheme is presented. The hybrid optimizer is a synergetic blend of artificial genetic search and gradient-based search techniques. The computational procedure is demonstrated through the design of an ACOSS-FOUR space structure. The optimum solutions obtained using the hybrid optimizer are shown to outperform the optimum results obtained using gradient-based search techniques.     

Advanced asymmetrical supercapacitors based on graphene hybrid materials

Supercapacitors operating in aqueous solutions are low cost energy storage devices with high cycling stability and fast charging and discharging capabilities, but generally suffer from low energy densities. Here, we grow Ni(OH)₂ nanoplates and RuO₂ nanoparticles on high quality graphene sheets in order to maximize the specific capacitances of these materials. We then pair up a Ni(OH)₂/graphene electrode with a RuO₂/graphene electrode to afford a high performance asymmetrical supercapacitor with high energy and power density operating in aqueous solutions at a voltage of ∼1.5 V. The asymmetrical supercapacitor exhibits significantly higher energy densities than symmetrical RuO₂-RuO₂ supercapacitors or asymmetrical supercapacitors based on either RuO₂-carbon or Ni(OH)₂-carbon electrode pairs. A high energy density of ∼48 W·h/kg at a power density of ∼0.23 kW/kg, and a high power density of ∼21 kW/kg at an energy density of ∼14 W·h/kg have been achieved with our Ni(OH)2/graphene and RuO₂/graphene asymmetrical supercapacitor. Thus, pairing up metal-oxide/graphene and metal-hydroxide/graphene hybrid materials for asymmetrical supercapacitors represents a new approach to high performance energy storage.      

Graphene-based Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors with ultrahigh performance

There is a growing demand for hybrid supercapacitor systems to overcome the energy density limitation of existing-generation electric double layer capacitors （EDLCs）, leading to next generation-Ⅱ supercapacitors with minimum sacrifice in power density and cycle life. Here, an advanced graphene-based hybrid system, consisting of a graphene-inserted Li4Ti5O12 （LTO） composite anode （G-LTO） and a three-dimensional porous graphene-sucrose cathode, has been fabricated for the purpose of combining both the benefits of Li-ion batteries （energy source） and supercapacitors （power source）. Graphene-based materials play a vital role in both electrodes in respect of the high performance of the hybrid supercapacitor. For example, compared with the theoretical capacity of 175 mA-h.g-1 for pure LTO, the G-LTO nanocomposite delivered excellent reversible capacities of 207, 190, and 176 mA·1h·g-1 at rates of 0.3, 0.5, and 1 C, respectively, in the potential range 1.0-2.5 V vs. Li/Li＋; these are among the highest values for LTO-based nano- composites at the same rates and potential range. Based on this, an optimized hybrid supercapacitor was fabricated following the standard industry procedure; this displayed an ultrahigh energy density of 95 Wh·kg-1 at a rate of 0.4 C （2.5 h） over a wide voltage range （0-3 V）, and still retained an energy density of 32 Wh·kg-1 at a high rate of up to 100 C, equivalent to a full discharge in 36 s, which is exceptionally fast for hybrid supercapacitors. The excellent performance of this Li-ion hybrid supercapacitor indicates that graphene-based materials may indeed play a significant role in next-generation supercapacitors with excellent electrochemical performance.     

储能锂电池模组SoE运行区间评估方法研究

为提高电池储能单元控制精度,保证储能系统高效稳定运行,研究了储能锂电池模组能量状态（state of energy,SoE）运行区间。在分析跟踪计划发电、风光功率平滑运行模拟工况,以及电池电压极差、电池电压标准差系数等评估指标的基础上,提出了储能锂电池模组SoE运行区间评估方法。然后,对实际运行的锂电池模组进行了跟踪计划发电、风光功率平滑模拟工况试验,并通过分析电池电压极差、电池电压标准差系数的变化,确定了2种运行工况下锂电池模组的SoE运行区间。研究结果表明,采用分析模拟工况试验中电池电压极差、电池电压标准差系数的方法能有效评估储能锂电池模组的SoE运行区间,为提高储能单元能量利用率提供了技术手段,对于保证锂电池储能系统高效稳定运行具有指导意义。     

插电式混合动力汽车车载复合电源功率分配策略研究

将原有插电式混合动力汽车单一电源系统改造成复合电源系统,根据整车性能要求及所用循环工况对车载电源的能量和功率需求解耦,完成动力电池和超级电容的参数匹配;在Matlab/simulink中建立复合电源功率分配策略,仿真结果表明,采用复合电源能减少动力电池循环充电次数,有效避免大电流对动力电池的冲击,充分发挥超级电容的高比功率特性,与改造前相比,燃油经济性提高3.4％,纯电动行驶里程增加1.3％.     

电动自行车用锌空气动力电池

介绍了可用于替代铅酸电池的一种锌空气动力电池,在技术上实现了大容量,小体积,结构合理。主要的突破体现在空气电极和锌电极的特殊设计,以及单电池的合理组装。比较了该动力电池与同类产品的技术指标。