Scanning of cosecant beams generated by a tilted planar array ofnonisotropic radiators

A method of scanning a one-dimensional shaped pattern generated by a tilted circular planar array of nonisotropic elements is presented. A method of synthesis of phase function for a desired cosecant pattern and specified amplitude distribution for excitation of the elements of the array is presented. The phase distribution required in the perpendicular direction for retaining the beam shape in the scanned plane is determined. Computed results on the phase distribution and radiation pattern are presented. The appropriate correction is applied to get a better agreement between the realized and desired patterns in this scanned position of the beam     

Generation of cosecant beams from circular arrays

The generation of shaped beams from circular aperture is reported by Chakraborty et al. However there is no data available on the shaped beams from circular arrays. As the circular arrays exist in practice, they are designed to produce shaped beams. A new amplitude distribution is proposed and the concept of energy relations and stationary phase are used to design the optimized phase distribution. Introducing the phase function so obtained the patterns are realized and compared with those of specified. The cosecant beams are generated from small and large circular arrays.     

椭圆对称奇异空心光束通过硬边光阑的传输特性

通过将圆孔光阑函数展开为有限复高斯函数和的方法,利用惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分推导出了椭圆对称奇异空心光束通过具有圆孔光阑的近轴ABCD光学系统的传输近似解析公式,并对椭圆对称奇异空心光束在自由空间中通过不同孔径下的硬边光阑的传输特性进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:自由空间中的近轴光学系统无论在近场还是远场,椭圆对称奇异空心光束的衍射光强分布都与光阑大小有很大的关系。该研究方法对椭圆对称奇异空心光束通过具有圆孔光阑的传输和变换的研究非常有益。     

Scattering from a cavity-backed circular aperture penetrated by awire

The problem of a wire penetrating a circular aperture in an infinite conducting screen and entering a circular cylindrical cavity is considered. An approximate method is developed for evaluating the fields outside the cavity for observation points located far from the aperture. Results are presented in the frequency domain which compare this far-field approximation to the method of moments solution. The presence of interior resonance features in the exterior fields is discussed     

Diffraction by a circular aperture in a unidirectionally conducting screen

The diffraction of a normally incident plane electromagnetic wave with wave numberkby a circular aperture of radiusain a unidirectionally conducting plane screen of zero thickness and infinite extent is considered. In the limit of largeka, the ratio of the transmission cross section to the geometrical optics valuepi a^{2}, is found up to the order(ka)^{-3/2}.     

非傍轴高斯光束通过小孔光阑衍射的轴上光强

基于瑞利衍射积分,不使用通常的近似Rλ(λ为波长),推导出非傍轴高斯光束通过小孔光阑衍射的轴上光强的精确解析表达式。并对传统的光强定义和光强的精确表述进行了比较研究。结果表明,两种定义之间的差异与f参数,截断参数δ和传输距离z有关。     

Excitation of a circular loop through a small aperture

The problem of determining the current excited on a circular loop which is placed opposite a small circular aperture in a conducting screen, on which an electromagnetic plane wave is incident, is considered. It is shown that this geometry is unusual in that the resulting integrodifferential equation can be reduced to an explicit expression for the current. The total rate of electromagnetic energy flow in the radiation zone is also calculated, as is the angular dependence of the energy flux. Sample results are presented which demonstrate the resonant behavior of the system when the wavelength of the incident wave is equal to the loop circumference.     

余弦高斯光束被无光阑透镜聚焦后的焦开关

研究了余弦高斯光束通过无光阑透镜后的焦开关现象.推导出了轴上最大光强位置满足的一元三次方程和相对跃迁量公式,并做了大量的数值计算.研究表明,当光束参数β>1时,聚焦余弦高斯光束会有焦开关现象出现.     

Radiation of an aperture antenna covered by a spherical-shellchiral radome and fed by a circular waveguide

This paper presents a full-wave analysis of the radiation characteristics of an aperture antenna that is flush-mounted on a ground plane and fed by a circular waveguide supporting the dominant TE₁₁ mode. The antenna is covered by a dielectric hemispherical chiral radome. Huygen's equivalence principle and the image theory are utilized to simplify the problem. The magnetic dyadic Green's function for the three-layered geometry is formulated and applied to analyze the radiated electromagnetic fields outside the chiral radome. Both the exact and approximate expressions of electric fields valid for the Fresnel and Fraunhofer zones are obtained using the spherical vector wave functions and their approximations in the far zone. Various chiral materials are assumed and computations of antenna parameters are carried out. The effects of the dielectric chiral radome on the radiation power patterns, sidelobe levels, and 3-dB beamwidths are also discussed numerically     

Generation of multiple simultaneous beams by aperture phase control

Radiation patterns containing multiple beams may be generated by manipulating merely the phase on an aperture, leaving the amplitude distribution undisturbed. The relative phases between the various beams may be adjusted for a best approximation.     

Gain-area product of circular aperture

Tables of the gain-area product of a circular aperture are given and explained. Particular attention is given to the realization of maximum gain over a given area with no constraints on aperture size, but with a simple in-phase aperture distribution; and with a given aperture size, using the same class of illumination function     

Compact circular sector and annular sector dielectric resonatorantennas

We investigate circular sector and annular sector dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) geometries. The advantage these geometries offer, compared to conventional circular cylindrical DRAs are significant reductions in volume, making them potential candidates for use in compact applications such as mobile communication handsets. Approximate theory, simulation, and experimental results are provided to support the findings. In particular, a sector DRA is demonstrated to have 75% less volume than a conventional cylindrical DRA, with the same resonant frequency. The DRA volume minimization for compact antenna design is also discussed and a design is proposed and tested for a mobile telephone handset suitable for the DCS1800 system     

正弦类高斯光束通过硬边光阑的衍射损耗

对新型光束——正弦高斯光束、余弦高斯光束通过硬边光阑时的功率损耗作了详细的计算。比较和分析了计算结果,并对调制参数的影响进行了讨论。     

Theoretical and numerical treatment of diffraction through a circular aperture

The three-dimensional diffraction of a scalar plane wave through a circular aperture in an infinite plane screen is analyzed and numerically computed for the case of normal incidence. A modified Babinet's principle is formulated, and this is used to find the diffraction of sound by an acoustically soft circular disk. The spheroidal wave functions are described and applied to the diffraction theory. Numerical values of the rigorous diffraction functions are computed, and these are compared to the approximation obtained by the Huygen-Kirchhoff formulation.     

Surface currents and RCS of a spherical shell with a circular aperture

The electromagnetic scattering behavior of a perfectly conducting, infinitesimally thin, spherical shell with a circular aperture is studied. A time-harmonic plane wave is symmetrically incident upon the aperture. The problem is formulated in terms of theE-field integral equation. This produces two coupled integral equations for the tangential components of the currents on the scatterer surface. The equations are cast into matrix form by application of the method of moments, and expressions for the matrix elements are derived. Calculated values of the surface currents and radar cross sections, not previously available in the open literature, are presented and discussed for several cases of interest.     

Electrostatic potential through a circular aperture in a thickconducting plane

The Hankel transform is applied to express the scattered potential in the spectral domain and the boundary conditions are enforced to obtain simultaneous equations for the transmitted potential inside the thick conducting plane. The simultaneous equations are solved to represent the transmitted and scattered potentials in series forms. Numerical computations are performed to illustrate the behavior of polarizability in terms of the aperture size. The numerical comparisons to other available data show excellent agreement. The presented series solution is fast convergent so that it is very efficient for numerical computation     

复宗量拉盖尔-高斯光束通过矩形光阑的传输

利用拉盖尔-高斯模和厄米-高斯模的变换公式,并使用将二维矩孔光阑窗口函数展开为有限个复高斯函数之和的方法,得到了复宗量拉盖尔-高斯(LG)光束通过含矩形硬边光阑近轴ABCD光学系统的变换的解析传输公式,并对复宗量LG光束通过矩形硬边光阑的衍射和聚焦特性进行了研究。该方法对研究有不同几何对称性光阑光学系统的光束变换是有用的。     

Properties of electromagnetic beams generated by ultra-widebandwidth pulse-driven arrays

Analytical bounds on the characteristics of beams generated by an arbitrary pulse-driven array are derived and supported with numerical calculations. These bounds extend the meaning of near-field distances or diffraction lengths to the situation where the array driving functions can be broad-bandwidth signals. Particular attention is given to transmitting and receiving array systems which consist of elements that are not large in comparison to the shortest wavelength of significance contained in the signals driving them. Their output signals constitute higher-order beams whose coherence properties are degraded more slowly by diffraction than lower-order beams. It is shown that for certain measures of performance involving these beam characteristics, a localized wave pulse-driven array can outperform similar continuous-wave-driven arrays. An array with independent addressable elements is required to realize these localized wave effects. The enhanced localization effects are intimately coupled to the proper spatial distribution of broad-bandwidth signals driving the array     

余弦高斯光束通过硬边光阑的解析传输公式

从Collins公式出发,对余弦高斯光束通过有光阑限制的一阶ABCD光学系统的传输进行了研究,采用将矩形域函数表示为复高斯光束迭加的技巧,推导出了普适的场分布的解析公式。作为应用例,对余弦高斯光束通过有硬边光阑的薄透镜聚焦系统进行了数值计算,计算结果表明,作者的结果与直接由Collins公式衍射积分所得结果一致。数值计算证明,用该方法能节约大量机时,并可推广到其它光束通过硬边光阑光学系统的传输研究。     

圆孔衍射成像的光子学诠释

用量子力学中关于光的粒子性观点,采用概率波对圆孔衍射成像过程进行了讨论。所得到的结论与采用光的波动性观点的惠更斯一菲涅耳原理及Fourier变换方法相同。通过分析,使我们进一步加深了对光的粒子性层面的认识。