连续玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料成型技术及其应用

综述了国内外连续玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料的纤维处理方法、成型技术及应用状况，展望了连续玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料发展前景。     

玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料——短纤维粒料和长纤维粒料

介绍了玻璃纤维复合材料及玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料的发展,玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料基材性能、纤维增强材料性能、界面状态、模具结构及注塑工艺等性能影响因素,短纤维粒料、长纤维粒料主要生产方法及特点.分析了短纤维粒料与长纤维粒料结构和性能,与长纤维粒料生产技术关键,概述了玻纤预热及特殊切粒机.     

玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料在航空航天领域中的应用

研究了玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料（GRTP）的分类,短玻纤增强热塑性塑料（SFT）,玻纤毡增强热塑性塑料（GMT）,长纤维增强热塑性塑料（LFT）3种类型的特性和制备方法。介绍GRTP在军用飞机和民用飞机等航空航天领域的应用情况。总结了未来纤维增强热塑性复合材料的发展方向。     

车用纤维增强热塑性塑料技术进展

随着汽车工业的发展,纤维增强热塑性塑料的需求大幅增长,其制造工艺技术也进入了快速发展期。诸如直接(在线)配料长纤维增强热塑性塑料(D-LFT)、为改进长纤维增强热塑性塑料(LFT)模制品表面质量而采取的模具型腔感应加热、LFT母粒、基于环状齐聚酯原位聚合的纤维增强复合材料、LFT专用玻璃纤维与表面浸润剂等新技术不断涌现。对这些最新的工艺技术进展作一综述,为开发车用纤维增强热塑性塑料提供参考。     

铁路轨枕研究及应用进展

介绍了木轨枕、混凝土轨枕、钢轨枕、玻璃钢轨枕、橡胶轨枕、玻璃纤维增强聚氨酯泡沫(FFU)轨枕、玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料轨枕的研究及发展情况,指出了玻璃钢夹芯轨枕优化方向,认为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维混凝土轨枕、FFU轨枕及玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料轨枕在未来铁路发展上很有推广价值。     

新书介绍

最近日本出版的新书《玻璃纤维增强塑料的基础和应用》收录了对选择材料有用的数据。因为今后塑料材料的使命是在热塑性树脂中添加纤维等,使其成为具有良好性能的玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料。但是至今尚未     

长玻纤增强复合材料的浸渍技术的发展研究

概述了国内外长纤维增强热塑性复合材料(LFT)的主要浸渍技术(包括:原位聚合技术、粉末浸渍、熔体浸渍等),展望了连续玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料发展前景.     

LFT技术发展概况

定义 长纤维增强热塑性塑料简称LFT或LFRT,是用长玻璃纤维代替原来的短切纤维与PP、PA、PET等热塑性塑料通过挤出、造粒或造片等方法制得的复合材料,可以用玻璃纤维和塑料造粒制成半成品后再经注射或模压成型为最终制品,也可以在同一生产线上把玻璃纤维、塑料混合挤出后直接模压或注射成型为最终制品.前者称为L胛粒料(LFT-G或LFT-P),后者称为直接LFT(LFT-D或D-LFT).     

热塑性玻璃钢的制品及其应用

1.热塑性玻璃钢的发展概况:玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料(称热塑性玻璃钢)起始于五十年代,但直到六十年代中期以后,美国和西欧才大规模地生产增强热塑性塑料,其发展速度却大大超过了热固性玻璃钢,受到世界各国的重视.我国从六十年代末起陆续有一些单位开始研制玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料.如化工部晨光化工研究院、化工部北京化工研究院、南京玻璃纤维研究没计院、湖南塑料研究所     

玻璃纤维增强热塑性

为了扩大和拓宽各种塑料的应用领域，现在国内已广泛地采用各种增强技术，在塑料中添加各种增强剂，如玻璃纤维、石棉、碳酸钙、滑石粉以及硼、石墨纤维等物质，进行增强改性。由于玻璃纤维价格低廉，兼之所增强的制品物理性能较好，因而发展最为迅速，使用最为广泛。本文就玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料的发展动态，性能，应用及成型工艺进行研讨。     

An NMR Imaging Study of the Interface of Epoxy Resin-Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites

NMR imaging was used to analyze E-glass fiber/epoxy composites. The NMR images revealed specific interactions between the glass fiber and epoxy, as indicated by the different degree of curing in the proximity of the fiber. When as-received glass fibers were used, an accelerated degree of curing in the proximity of the fibers as compared with the bulk was observed, whereas when heat-treated glass fibers were used the above trend was substantially inhibited. Finally, when E-glass fibers treated with an aminosilane coupling agent (γ-APS) were used, no variation in the degree of curing in the proximity of the glass fiber was observed. The above results suggest that physisorbed or chemisorbed molecular water present in the surface of the glass fiber assists in the opening of the epoxy ring by hydrogen bonding effects.     

Polymerization compounding composites of nylon‐6,6/short glass fiber

Nylon‐6,6 was grafted onto the surface of short glass fibers through the sequential reaction of adipoyl chloride and hexamethylenediamine onto the fiber surface. Grafted and unsized short glass fibers (USGF) were used to prepare composites with nylon‐6,6 via melt blending. The glass fibers were found to act as nucleating agents for the nylon‐6,6 matrix. Grafted glass fiber composites have higher crystallization temperatures than USGF composites, indicating that grafted nylon‐6,6 molecules further increase crystallization rate of composites. Grafted glass fiber composites were also found to have higher tensile strength, tensile modulus, dynamic storage modulus, and melt viscosity than USGF composites. Property enhancement is attributed to improved wetting and interactions between the nylon‐6,6 matrix and the modified surface of glass fibers, which is supported by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The glass transition (tan δ) temperatures extracted from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) are found to be unchanged for USGF, while in the case of grafted glass fiber, tan δ increases with increasing glass fiber contents. Moreover, the peak values (i.e., intensity) of tan δ are slightly lower for grafted glass fiber composites than for USGF composites, further indicating improved interactions between the grafted glass fibers and nylon‐6,6 matrix. The Halpin‐Tsai and modified Kelly‐Tyson models were used to predict the tensile modulus and tensile strength, respectively.     

Mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/wood flour/glass fiber hybrid composites

Short glass fibers were added to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/wood flour composites as reinforcement agents. Unnotched and notched impact strength of PVC/wood flour/glass fiber hybrid composites could be increased significantly without losing flexural properties by adding type L glass fibers and over 40% of PVC. There was no such improvement when using type S glass fiber. The impact strength of hybrid composites increased along with the increment of the type L glass fiber content at a 50% PVC content. At high PVC contents, impact fracture surfaces were characterized by wood particle, glass fiber breakage and pullout, whereas interfacial debonding was the dominant fracture mode at higher filler concentrations. The significant improvement in impact strength of hybrid composites was attributed to the formation of the three‐dimensional network glass fiber architecture between type L glass fibers and wood flour.     

The structure of γ‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane on glass fiber surfaces: Characterization by FTIR,SEM, and contact angle measurements

The purpose of this article is to determine the structure of γ‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ‐GPS) on glass fiber surfaces. The interfacial adhesion of glass fiber–polymer can be improved by the silane treatment of the glass fiber. To change the composition of the glass and regenerate to the hydroxyl groups, activation pretreatment of heat cleaned woven glass fabric was performed using a 10% (v/v) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution for different durations before silane treatment. The treatment of silanization of heat cleaned and acid activated glass fibers with (γ‐GPS) were conducted at various time intervals. These fibers would be used to quantify the relationship between contact angle of glass fiber surface and the interfacial shear strength of the fiber–polymer interface. The effect of acid activation on glass surface and the interaction between glass fibers and silane coupling agent were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experiments, in conjunction with electron photomicrographs of glass surfaces treated with coupling agent, are interpreted in an attempt to explain the stability of coupling agent‐glass interfaces. From SEM analysis, it was clearly observed that agglomerations of silane agent in the cavities among the heat cleaned fibers are available. However, this case was not observed for the silanization of acid activated glass fibers. In addition, contact angle measurements on glass fibers were performed to evaluate surface structure. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

工程塑料增强改性用玻璃纤维及其发展动向？

介绍了玻璃纤维增强改性工程塑料的发展概况;讨论了玻璃纤维表面处理剂、玻璃纤维在树脂中的分散性和长径保留比、玻璃纤维含量等对玻璃纤维增强改性工程塑料的影响,以及双螺杆挤塑用长玻璃纤维、短切玻璃纤维、LFT用长玻璃纤维的特性。指出了工程塑料增强改性用玻璃纤维的选用原则及方法。双螺杆挤塑用短切玻璃纤维和LFT用长玻璃纤维具有良好的市场前景。     

ECR和中碱玻璃纤维的耐酸性试验

主要研究了ECR耐腐蚀玻璃纤维和中碱玻璃纤维在酸液腐蚀环境下的单丝强度及形貌特征。根据实验与纤维观察结果,对ECR玻璃纤维与中碱玻璃纤维在所给环境条件下的力学性能、耐酸性进行综合对比,分析不同增强玻璃纤维在酸性腐蚀环境下的破坏机理,评价其应用范围。研究结果表明中碱玻璃纤维耐酸性较好,但其强度不高;ECR玻璃纤维的强度较高且耐酸性也较好。故ECR玻璃纤维适用于对强度和耐酸性均有较高要求的环境中;中碱玻璃纤维适用于对强度要求低但对耐酸性有一定要求的环境中。     

阻燃PA66复合材料翘曲性能研究

对比研究了无玻璃纤维、普通圆形玻璃纤维、扁平玻璃纤维对溴系阻燃聚酰胺66(PA66)复合材料的翘曲性能影响,分别从力学性能、结晶性能、收缩率和横向/纵向收缩率比等因素阐述复合材料翘曲性能.结果表明,相同阻燃剂含量条件下,不加玻璃纤维复合材料的结晶度最高,横向收缩率与纵向收缩率最大,但横向/纵向收缩率比最小,复合材料翘曲...     

Effects of chemical surface pretreatment on tensile properties of a single glass fiber and the glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite

The aim of this article is to determine the effect of surface pretreatments, prior to the silanization, on the structure and tensile properties of the glass fibers and their epoxy composites. Commercial glass fibers were washed with acetone to remove the soluble portion of sizing, calcinated for the removal of organic matter, activated for surface silanol regeneration, and silanizated with glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS). Tensile test was carried out. The morphology of pretreated glass fibers and the fracture surfaces of the epoxy composites were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that both apparent modulus and strength of a single glass fiber and the glass fiber/epoxy resin composites strongly depend on the fiber surface pretreatments. The acetone treatment did not change appreciably the composition and tensile properties of glass fibers, but there was a weak interface between fibers and matrix. In calcinated and acid activated fibers, the two competitive effects was observed: (1) degradation of the fibers themselves and (2) improved interfacial adhesion between the glass fibers and the epoxy matrix, once the samples was silanizated. The ATR‐FTIR results show that the surface content of Si OH increases as reflected by the increasing of the Si O band, resulting in an interaction between silane coupling agent and glass fiber. POLYM. COMPOS., 91–100, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

芳纶以及连续玄武岩纤维和玻璃纤维的耐酸性研究

测试和分析了芳纶、连续玄武岩纤维和玻璃纤维分别在65、80和95℃下浓度为2 mol/L的盐酸溶液中经不同时间的腐蚀后其力学性能以及质量的变化情况。结果表明,芳纶(芳酰胺纤维)的耐酸性能最优,其断裂强力和断裂伸长率的保持率最大;连续玄武岩纤维其次,玻璃纤维最差。因此芳纶比连续玄武岩纤维和玻璃纤维更适合用于酸性环境中,连续玄武岩纤维和玻璃纤维应尽量避免酸液对其的作用。     

Direct measurement of aerosol glass fiber alignment in a DC electric field

We report non-conducting aerosol fiber (i.e., glass fiber) alignment in a DC electric field. Direct observation of fiber orientation state is demonstrated and quantitative analysis of fiber alignment is made using phase contrast microscopy in four different conditions: (i) dry air and naturally charged fibers, (ii) humid and naturally charged, (iii) humid and neutralized (Boltzmann charge distribution), and (iv) humid and neutralized with an electrostatic precipitator upstream electrodes (i.e., non-charged). The glass fiber aerosols generated by a vortex shaking method were conditioned using a Po-210 neutralizer or humidifier and were provided into a test unit where cylindrical or parallel plate electrodes are used and high voltage is applied to them. Fibers were collected on a filter immediately downstream from the electrodes and their images were taken through an optical microscope to visualize the fiber orientation and measure the alignment angles and lengths of the fibers. The results showed that under all four conditions tested, airborne glass fibers could be aligned to the electric field with different alignment quality, indicating that the glass fibers can be polarized in a steady electric field. In humid air, the fiber alignment along the field direction was observed to be much better and the number of uniform background particles (i.e., randomly oriented fibers) in angular distributions is smaller than that in dry air. Also, it was found that charged fibers in humid air could be better aligned with negligible uniform background than neutralized and non-charged fibers. Possible mechanisms about humidity and charge effects on enhanced fiber alignment are discussed to support the observations. The results indicate that the enhancement of alignment in an electric field would be possible in humid air for other non-conducting fibrous particles having surface chemistry similar to glass fibers.