银杏叶活性成分萃取工艺的研究

采用 φ(乙醇 ) =70 %的乙醇热回流法和超临界CO2 萃取法提取银杏叶中的活性成分 ,并用定性、定量的方法测定了银杏叶提取物中活性成分及其质量分数 ;结果表明 :两种方法萃取的物质是相同的。φ(乙醇 ) =70 %的乙醇热回流法提取率为 2 5 6 % ,总黄酮质量分数为 2 7 1% ;超临界CO2 萃取法提取率为 3 95 % ,总黄酮质量分数为 35 2 8% ,超临界CO2 萃取法有着明显的优越性。     

龙眼壳抗氧化研究

龙眼壳依次用正己烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇索氏提取4 h,所得提取物的提取率分别是0.58%、1.02%、2.92%,抗氧化活性顺序为正己烷提取物(Ⅰ)＜乙酸乙酯提取物(Ⅱ)＜甲醇提取物(Ⅲ),w(Ⅲ)=0.04%抗氧化能力与w(二丁基羟基甲苯)=0.02%相近;Ⅲ过聚酰胺柱层析,得到蒸馏水洗脱物(A)、乙醇(体积分数为30%)洗脱物(B)、乙醇(体积分数为70%)洗脱物(C)、乙醇(体积分数为95%)洗脱物(D)、甲醇洗脱物(E),它们均有显著的抗氧化活性,且w(B)=0.04%、 w(C)=0.04%、w(D)=0.04%的抗氧化能力与w(二丁基羟基甲苯)=0.02%相近;经试剂显色初步推断Ⅱ、C、E含有黄酮苷,Ⅰ、D含有二氢黄酮苷,A、B含有酚酸.     

降香抗氧化成分的提取及活性研究

用w(C2H3OH)=95%乙醇提取降香成分,并用石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次进行萃取,以猪油和海鞘油脂为底物,利用氧化稳定测定仪(OSI仪)进行抗氧化实验,结果显示乙酸乙酯提取物具有明显的抗氧化活性;对其进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到8种成分:2,4 二羟基 5 甲氧基苯甲酮(Ⅰ),2′,3′,7 三羟基 4 甲氧基 异黄烷酮(Ⅱ),3′ 甲氧基异黄酮苷(Ⅲ),4′,5,7 三羟基 3 甲氧基黄酮(Ⅳ),驴食草酚(Ⅴ)和美迪紫檀素(Ⅵ),己酸2 丙烯酯(Ⅶ)和棕榈酸乙酯(Ⅷ)。其中化合物Ⅰ～Ⅵ对猪油和海鞘油脂均具有一定的抗氧化能力。在这8种化合物中,化合物Ⅱ和Ⅳ的抗氧化活性最强,Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ和Ⅵ次之,Ⅶ,Ⅷ几乎没有抗氧化作用。     

膜渗透蒸发用于葡萄酒脱醇的实验研究

利用自制的PDMS平板复合膜 ,在 40℃ ,1330Pa下游侧压力下 ,φ(C2 H5OH) =11 5 %的红葡萄酒经过渗透蒸发脱醇后可获得 φ(C2 H5OH) =7%、4%、3%等各种低醇红葡萄酒 ,同时渗透液可勾兑成 φ(C2 H5OH) =30 %～ 5 0 %的高醇白兰地 ,平均总渗透通量达 145 5 g/(m2 ·h)。在小试实验中 ,低醇葡萄酒和高醇白兰地的平均生产强度分别是 4830和 780mL/(m2 ·h)。国家资深评酒专家对两种新酒品都给予了高度评价 ,认为有一定的市场经济价值。     

紫草抗氧化成分的提取及其活性研究

分别用石油醚、三氯甲烷和乙醇依次提取紫草成分 ,用OSI仪测定了三种提取物对猪油氧化稳定性的影响 ,发现石油醚提取成分 (LE - pet)和三氯甲烷提取成分 (LE -chl)有明显的抗氧化活性 ,添加到猪油中后 ,w =0 0 2 %时 ,猪油的氧化稳定性比空白样品提高了约 1倍。对LE -pet和LE -chl进行薄层层析分离鉴定 ,得到三种化合物 :β ,β 二甲基丙烯酰紫草醌 (Ⅰ)、乙酰紫草醌 (Ⅱ)和紫草醌 (Ⅲ)。对它们的抗氧化活性进行测试 ,化合物Ⅱ和Ⅲ表现出明显的抗氧化活性 ,当w(Ⅱ)=0 .0 6 %、w(Ⅲ) =0 0 6 %时 ,猪油的氧化稳定性分别提高了 6 0 4和 3 94倍。化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ与VE均有较强的协同作用 ,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的质量分数为 0 .0 2 %与VE 的质量分数为 0 0 2 %共同使用时 ,其抗氧化协同系数 (SE)分别为 81 4(Ⅰ)、5 2 7(Ⅱ)和 132 6 (Ⅲ )     

香樟叶中黄酮类化合物提取方法和抗氧化性的研究

通过各种方法提取香樟叶中的黄酮类化合物,比较不同提取方法的提取效率及提取物中黄酮类化合物的含量,从而得到最佳的提取方法。结果表明,体积分数60%乙醇提取法是较好的提取方法。并采用烘箱贮存法测定了该叶片黄酮提取物在猪油中抗氧化活性。结果表明:香樟叶片黄酮提取物具有明显的抗氧化效果,且抗氧化性随添加量的增加而增强。     

超声波法从葡萄籽中提取原花青素

研究了从葡萄籽中提取原花青素的改进工艺,主要考察超声波作用对原花青素提取率和提取物含量的影响,并与传统溶剂法进行了对比。实验表明,把风干的葡萄籽破碎成0 6～1mm的微小颗粒,先按1g葡萄籽加3mL溶剂的比例加入石油醚,常温浸泡48h脱除油脂;再按照1g葡萄籽加20mL溶剂的比例,分别用乙醇〔w(C2H5OH)=95%〕、丙酮〔w(CH3COCH3)=99%〕和纯水在常温下浸泡2h,浸泡期间采用超声波震荡加强传质,原花青素的提取率分别达到4 63%、4 59%和2 55%(以葡萄籽的投料质量计算),提取率分别比不施加超声波震荡的传统溶剂提取法提高11%、66%和48%。     

微波协同提取乌毛蕨黄酮及其抗氧化研究

本文研究了用微波协同提取乌毛蕨中黄酮,其最佳提取条件为:在微波处理5min后,用50%的乙醇(溶剂量是样品重量的80倍)在90℃下提取2h。提取率为17.53%。乌毛蕨黄酮提取物有较强的抗氧化作用,能抑制猪油氧化。     

龙眼果皮不同方法提取物对自由基的清除作用

用超声波、微波、冷凝回流及常温浸泡4种方法,用φ(C2H5OH)=95%的乙醇提取龙眼果皮,分别得到超声波提取物(UE)、微波提取物(ME)、热提物(RE)和浸提物(DE)。然后采用二苯代苦味酰肼自由基(DPPH)法对不同质量浓度的各提取物进行了自由基清除实验。结果表明,龙眼果皮乙醇提取物对自由基有很强的清除作用,清除能力远远优于3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基甲苯(BHT);不同的提取方法所得提取物对自由基的清除作用有显著差别,其中以ME的效果最佳,当其质量浓度为1.2 mg/mL时,最大清除率高达83.11%。     

柑橘皮总黄酮的提取及抗氧化性研究

采取乙醇索氏提取法、纤维素酶辅助法、微波提取法以及超声波提取法从柑橘皮中提取总黄酮,研究了用超声波法得到的柑橘皮提取物中总黄酮对O2-·和·OH的抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声波法提取柑橘皮中总黄酮提取率最高,可达1.583%。柑橘皮提取物中总黄酮对O2-·和·OH清除能力良好。为柑橘皮作为天然抗氧化剂和功能性食品的开发利用提供了理论基础和实验依据。     

碘量比色法测定迷迭香提取物抗氧化活性的研究

以迷迭香为原料采用有机溶剂萃取法提取其中的抗氧化成分,分别采用碘量比色法与传统碘量滴定法进行过氧化值的测定和讨论,结果表明,碘量比色法测定在添加量为0.14%时,对菜籽油的抗氧化性较好。     

Oregano flavonoids as lipid antioxidants

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) leaves were successively extracted with hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The ethanol extract was reextracted in a separatory funnel with petroleum ether, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and butanol. The ethyl ether layer was the most effective in stabilizing lard against oxidation, with activity equal to butylated hydroxytoluene. It also showed antioxidant activity when tested on vegetable oils under storage or frying conditions. The main antioxidant factors isolated from the ethyl ether layer consisted of flavonoids. Chromatographic and spectrophotometric analysis demonstrated the presence of the flavone apigenin, the flavanone, eriodictyol and the dihydroflavonols, dihydrokaempferol and dihydroquercetin.     

大豆中异黄酮类化学成分的研究

用w(C2H5OH)=70%的工业乙醇从脱脂大豆饼中提取大豆异黄酮,并依次用乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,乙酸乙酯萃取部分经硅胶柱和SephadexLH-20柱层析,用V(CHCl3)∶V(CH3OH)=(12～4)∶1梯度洗脱。分离得到4种化合物,通过理化常数和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构,分别为大豆甙元(daidzein)、染料木素(genistein)、大豆甙(daidzin)、染料木甙(genistin)。     

从黄连中提取黄连素

利用常规的实验仪器,模拟索式提取器原理,设计、组装了一套从黄连中提取黄连素的新实验装置。与传统回流装置、索氏提取装置、恒压漏斗装置进行比较研究。新装置具有提取时间短、提取率高、仪器常规等特点。通过实验确定了用新装置提取5 g黄连的最佳工艺参数为:95%乙醇80 mL,加热回流时间2.5 h。     

Antioxidant activities of selected oriental herb extracts

Antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of 180 Oriental herbs were studied by determining the peroxide values of linoleic acid during storage at 50°C. Among the herb extracts tested, 44 species showed strong antioxidant activities on the oxidation of linoleic acid. The antioxidative effects of these 44 selected herb extracts were studied further in a methyl linoleate system during storage for 35 d. Among the 44 species tested, 11 species had particularly high antioxidative effects. The effects of type of extraction solvent (methanol, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate) on the antioxidant activities of the 11 species were studied. Antioxidant activities of most herb extracts were greatly dependent on the extraction solvent used; however, some of the extracts showed strong antioxidant activities regardless of the solvents used for the extraction. Among the 11 herbs selected, based on the antioxidant activity of their methanol extracts, two (i.e.,Psoralea corylifolia L. andSorphora angustifolia Sieb. & Zucc.) were selected for further study in lard held at 75°C for 7 d. The methanol extracts ofP. corylifolia L. andS. angustifolia Sieb. & Zucc. greatly decreased the peroxide formation of lard during storage. Treatment with 0.20% methanolic extract ofP. corylifolia L. exhibited significantly stronger antioxidant effect on the oxidation of lard than treatment with 0.02% butylated hydroxyanisole (P<0.05).     

Effect of evening primrose extracts on oxidative stability of sunflower and rapeseed oils

Antioxidative activities of evening primrose seed meal extracts in sunflower and rapeseed oils were compared with that of commercially used antioxidants, namely butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbylpalmitate as well as Grindox‐118. The study was carried out under Schaal oven conditions at 60 °C and the weight gain was followed up by p‐anisidine value measurement following the oxidation. An Oxidograph apparatus monitored the oxidation of oils at 110 °C. Among the examined extracts, the ethyl acetate extract (0.2%), containing only 87 mg/g of total phenolics, exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity than BHT (0.01%) and effectively stabilised both oils. A strong antioxidative effect was also noted for the ethanol‐ethyl acetate extract (168 mg/g of total phenolics). The study showed that addition of ethyl acetate and ethanol‐ethyl acetate extracts could extend the sunflower and rapeseed oils shelf‐life by protecting oils from further decomposition that naturally occurs during thermal treatments.     

槐花α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型,对槐花乙酸乙酯、石油醚、正丁醇、丙酮水总提取物进行活性筛选,对提取物浓度与抑制活性关系进行了研究,并对强活性的3种浸膏进行了抑制动力学研究。槐花总提取物(IC50=50.56 mg.L-1)、乙酸乙酯部位(IC50=1.25 mg.L-1)、正丁醇部位(IC50=16.14 mg.L-1)。活性远高于对照Acarbose(IC50=1 081.27 mg.L-1);并全部属于非竞争性抑制类型(Ki值分别为4.53、652.5 mg.L-1和62.38mg.L-1);从乙酸乙酯部位得到活性成分槲皮素(IC50=8.86 mg.L-1)和山奈酚(IC50=73.69 mg.L-1)。结果表明,槐花乙酸乙酯部位可作为降血糖活性部位进行体内研究。该文报道的新颖性已为河南大学图书馆2009年6月24日出具的第CX200906242号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

Extraction of rapeseed,linseed, safflowerseed and tobaccoseed with a new laboratory extractor

In this study, extractions of rapeseed, linseed, safflowerseed and tobaccoseed have been conducted with a new extractor which has been developed for the extraction of vegetable tannins and which was later applied to sugar beets and sugar cane. Using the optimal conditions of the new extractor for oilseeds, that is, 315μ particle size and 62 C temperature, technical hexane has been employed, and the variations of the rate and distribution of oil extraction from solid materials have been determined. Optimal extraction periods with the new extractor were found to be 88 min for rapeseed, 90 min for linseed, 118 min for safflowerseed and 90 min for tobaccoseed. The same seeds have been extracted with the Soxhlet extractor for a period of 10 hr. Soxhlet extractor yields compared to Gülbaran yields with the new extractor were found to be only 98.18% for rapeseed, 98.15% for linseed, 97.79% for safflowerseed and 97.39% for tobaccoseed.     

番茄红素的提取工艺研究

鲜番茄制成糊,用Na2CO3溶液皂化,再用稀硫酸中和起泡,过滤。滤饼用乙醇处理过滤后用有机溶剂提取番茄红素。考察了皂化剂用量、皂化时间、乙醇用量、提取剂种类及其用量、料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度、pH值等因素对提取率的影响。结果显示,新鲜番茄中提取番茄红色素的最佳工艺条件为:用0.5 mol/L的Na2CO3溶液对番茄糊进行皂化,物料比为1∶2,皂化温度40℃,皂化时间30 m in;乙醇∶番茄(体积∶质量)为2∶1,处理时间10 m in;用乙酸乙酯和丙酮的混合液进行提取,乙酸乙酯∶丙酮为1∶2(体积比),物料比为1∶4,浸提温度45℃,浸提时间50 m in,pH=7。在此最佳条件下,番茄红素的相对提取率可达85.9%。     

Comparison of Ethyl Acetate with Hexane for Oil Extraction from Various Oilseeds

The aim of the current research was to determine a less hazardous, cheaper and less toxic alternative solvent for hexane for extraction of oil from different oilseeds showing equivalent oil yield and oil quality. A full factorial design with three levels of extraction temperature (80, 100 and 120 °C) and three levels of extraction time (40, 65 and 90 min) with constant solvent to seed ratio value of 4:1 was used to extract the oil. Maximum oil was recovered from canola followed by flax, mustard and camelina. The oil content of canola was found in range of 21.08–36.44, and 25.12–40.38 % for hexane and ethyl acetate, respectively. The heating values of oil extracted from all oilseeds using hexane and ethyl acetate were found in the range of 38.04–39.98 and 37.98–39.37 MJ/kg, respectively. Least viscosity was found for flax seed using hexane followed by camelina, canola and mustard as compared to ethyl acetate. Viscosity of flax oil ranged from 27.23–37.19, and 31.16–55.52 cP for hexane and ethyl acetate solvents, respectively. Considering human safety, less environmental impact, comparable oil yield and quality parameters, ethyl acetate can be a promising alternative to hexane.