基于高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器结合气相-质谱/脉冲火焰检测器分析香橙中类黄酮和挥发性物质

以香橙不同部位(果肉和果皮)为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列、固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱/脉冲火焰检测器对香橙果实中6种类黄酮物质(芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、柚皮素和橙皮素)和挥发性物质进行定性和定量分析,探讨香橙不同部位目标类黄酮物质和挥发性物质的分布规律。结果表明,香橙果肉和果皮中仅检测出芸香柚皮苷、柚皮苷、橙皮苷和新橙皮苷4种目标类黄酮物质,且果皮中总目标类黄酮物质含量明显高于果肉中含量;在香橙果实中共检测到69种挥发性化合物,果肉中的挥发性化合物种类(60种)多于果皮中(57种),而果肉中的含量低于果皮中;此外,芳樟醇(花香)、柠檬烯(橘香)、丁酸乙酯(果香)、对伞花烃(橘香)、α-蒎烯(松香)、β-月桂烯(果香和香脂味)、萜品油烯(松香)和乙酸丁酯(果香)是果肉中气味活性值(odor activity values, OAV)>100的重要特征风味组分;芳樟醇(花香)、柠檬烯(橘香)、α-蒎烯(松香)、β-月桂烯(果香和香脂味)、对伞花烃(橘香)、α-水芹烯(橘香)、石竹烯(油炸味、香料味)、丁酸乙酯(果香)是果皮中OAV>1 000的重要特...     

GC—MS分析柠檬不同品种果皮精油成分

以云南德宏地区栽培的不同柠檬品种为试材,利用气质联用技术（GC-MS）分析果皮精油挥发性成分种类及相对含量,比较不同品种挥发性成分差异。结果表明,费米耐劳、云柠1号、艾伦尤力克柠檬果皮精油中分别检测到23、20、27种挥发性成分,烯烃类、醇类、醛类、酯类和酮类是3个品种共有组分。烯烃类物质是主要组分,其中特征香气成分D-柠檬烯含量最高,β-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯次之。艾伦尤力克柠檬中挥发性物质的种类和含量均高于费米耐劳和云柠1号柠檬,主要特征香气成分含量也最高。     

酵母与酵子及其制作馒头挥发性物质分析

利用固相微萃取（SPME）法提取酵母和酵子及其制作馒头中的挥发性风味物质,通过气质联用（GC-MS）法对挥发性风味物质进行分离和鉴定。结果表明,酵母、酵子、酵母馒头和酵子馒头中分别检出了挥发性风味物质38种、37种、18种、46种,共有的挥发性成分类别包括醇类、醛类、烃类芳香类和酮类化合物。酵母中十二烷的相对含量最高,为32.87%;酵子中苯乙醇的相对含量最高,为60.38%;酵母馒头中正己醇相对含量最高,为22.99%;酵子馒头中苯乙醇相对含量最高,为11.96%。不同发酵剂中含有的挥发性物质种类会对馒头的挥发性物质的种类、相对含量产生影响,并进一步影响到馒头的风味和口感。     

蜜柚发酵酒与蒸馏酒香气成分的GC-MS分析

为探究巴氏灭菌对新鲜沃尔卡姆柠檬汁香气的影响,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法（HS-SPME-GC-MS）分析巴氏灭菌前后新鲜柠檬汁的挥发性成分。结果表明,巴氏灭菌前后的柠檬汁中分别共鉴定出86种和94种挥发性成分,主要挥发性风味物质的种类及其相对含量均有不同。巴氏灭菌后,醇类、酯类化合物相对含量分别增加了9.15%和0.86%,而烷烯类、醛酮类物质相对含量分别下降了10.77%、0.40%。巴氏灭菌后原有的挥发性成分有所变化,同时也生成了新的物质,但是柠檬汁中柠檬烯、萜品油烯、β-蒎烯、α-松油醇、4-萜烯醇、月桂烯、香茅醇、1-β-红没药烯等主体挥发性成分没有发生明显变化。     

我国主要金柑品种果皮中挥发性成分比较

基于顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,比较我国15 个金柑品种果皮中主要挥发性物质的种类和含量差异。15 个金柑品种累计检出195 种挥发性物质,各品种果皮检出组分数变幅为45～78;总含量变化幅度为791.69～27 405.95 μg/g,变异系数为46.46%;包括烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类;主要成分为柠檬烯、月桂烯、松油烯、萜品烯、异柠檬烯、异松油烯、左旋-α-蒎烯、γ-榄香烯、丁香烯、吉马烯、α-紫穗槐烯、芳樟醇等物质,不同金柑品种间累计特有成分55 种。利用R软件数据统计结合主成分分析,基于挥发性物质对金柑品种进行了统计学分析,结果显示我国金柑挥发性物质种类和含量丰富,差异显著,可以作为区分不同金柑的辅助工具。     

澳洲青苹果实不同部位香气成分差异分析

采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用检测澳洲青苹果皮、果肉、果心的香气成分;共检测到80 种果实香气成分,主要为醛类、醇类、酯类和烯烃类。果皮、果肉和果心,香味组分及其含量差异较大。果皮是香气成分最集中的部位,共分离出55 种,其中C6 醛类3 种,相对含量39.515%,比例最高;酯类23 种最丰富,相对含量14.240%,乙酸己酯、环丁醇、(E)-1,4- 己二烯、(3E,5E)-1,3,5- 庚三烯、3,6- 二甲基-3,6- 二乙基-1,4- 环己二烯为芳香物质中相对含量较高的特有成分。果肉检测出香气成分18 种,其中醇类4 种,相对含量31.391%,比例最高,2- 甲基-1- 丁醇占其醇类约94.814%,丙酸丙酯、甲酸己酯相对含量较高且为果肉特征芳香物质。果心检测出香气成分30 种,C6 醛类两种,相对含量47.398%,比例最高;醇类4 种,相对含量42.455%,2- 甲基-1-丁醇和1- 己醇占其醇类96.639%;果皮香气成分种类最丰富,提供酯类背景香气。苹果各部位主要香气物质中,丙酸丙酯、甲酸己酯由果肉产生,2- 甲基-1- 丁醇主要由果心和果肉产生,1- 己醇由果心和果皮产生,α - 法呢烯主要存在于果皮和果肉中,(E)-2- 己烯醛和正己醛在果皮、果肉、果心中含量均较高,为澳洲青苹果实特征性香气,澳洲青苹果实香气由各部位香气成分相互作用产生。     

热处理八角茴香对猪排骨挥发性风味的影响

采用同时蒸馏萃取法(simultaneous distillation and extraction, SDE)和气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)技术,结合相对气味活性值(relative odor activity value, ROAV)分别对八角茴香、猪排骨以及不同热处理八角茴香(热水加热30 s、热水加热90 s、热油加热30 s)后对猪排骨的挥发性风味物质进行研究。GC-MS结果显示:热水加热30 s、热水加热90 s、热油加热30 s分别检出32,24,38种挥发性成分;3组挥发性风味物质中总相对含量最高的分别是萜烯类(31.36%)、酯类(39.85%)、芳香烃类(42.7%)。ROAV结果显示:热水加热30 s、热水加热90 s和热油加热30 s分别有2,4,5种,其中共有的主体挥发性物质为茴香脑、壬醛。与热水加热30 s相比,热水加热90 s增加了反式-2,4-癸二烯醛(870.69)和2-十一烯醛(97.50),总挥发性风味物质种类却减少;热油加热30 s增加了来自八角茴香引入的柠檬烯(1.58)、芳樟醇(1.52)、草蒿脑(1.32),总挥发性风味物质种类也增加。各组的挥发性风味存在显著差异,说明不同热处理八角茴香对猪排骨挥发性风味成分具有较大的影响。     

巴氏灭菌前后沃尔卡姆柠檬汁挥发性成分的分析比较

为探究巴氏灭菌对新鲜沃尔卡姆柠檬汁香气的影响，采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法（HS-SPME-GC-MS）分析巴氏灭菌前后新鲜柠檬汁的挥发性成分。结果表明，巴氏灭菌前后的柠檬汁中分别共鉴定出86种和94种挥发性成分，主要挥发性风味物质的种类及其相对含量均有不同。巴氏灭菌后，醇类、酯类化合物相对含量分别增加了9.15%和0.86%，而烷烯类、醛酮类物质相对含量分别下降了10.77%、0.40%。巴氏灭菌后原有的挥发性成分有所变化，同时也生成了新的物质，但是柠檬汁中柠檬烯、萜品油烯、β-蒎烯、α-松油醇、4-萜烯醇、月桂烯、香茅醇、1-β-红没药烯等主体挥发性成分没有发生明显变化。     

柠檬果肉真空冻结过程中挥发性风味成分变化

目的：探索柠檬果肉真空冻结过程中挥发性风味成分的变化规律。方法：利用电子鼻（E-nose）和气质联用（GC-MS）技术分别对新鲜、真空冻结10,20,30 min的柠檬果肉样品的挥发性风味物质进行分析。结果：E-nose可从整体上分析柠檬果肉中不同类别的挥发性风味成分,主成分分析和线性判别分析可区分新鲜和不同冻结时间的样品;GC-MS分析发现真空冻结过程中柠檬果肉挥发性风味物质的种类和含量均显著下降（P<0.05）;柠檬果肉中的主要挥发性风味物质主要是烯烃类、醇类、醛类化合物,其在真空冻结过程中的损失均呈先快后慢的趋势,通过热图和聚类分析可将真空冻结过程中所出现的挥发性风味成分划分为四大类;真空冻结10 min后,D-柠檬烯损失率最高;真空冻结20 min后,烯烃类、醇类和醛类化合物含量下降较为显著,酮类化合物含量变化不明显;真空冻结30 min后,出现了2,4-二甲基苯甲醛和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚新生挥发性风味成分。结论：柠檬果肉中绝大多数挥发性风味成分在真空冻结过程中呈明显下降趋势,并有部分新物质生成。     

不同果肉类型枇杷果肉挥发性成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分别测定7?个白肉品种、15?个红肉品种枇杷成熟果肉的挥发性成分,结合聚类分析法和主成分分析法对枇杷果肉挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明：22?个品种枇杷成熟果肉检测到醛、萜烯、醇、酮、酯及其他6?类挥发性化合物,醛类物质是枇杷果肉的主要挥发性化合物,酯类、酮类和醇类是构成不同品种枇杷特有风味的重要组成,正己醛是相对含量最高的挥发性物质。7?个白肉品种枇杷检测出65?种挥发性成分,共有挥发性物质14?种,莰烯、氧化石竹烯、2-甲基丁酸仅在白肉品种枇杷中检测到;15?个红肉品种枇杷检测出81?种挥发性成分,共有挥发性物质10?种,甜瓜醛、反-2,4-癸二烯醛、反-β-罗勒烯、3-蒈烯、丁二醇、叶醇、十二醇、植酮、乙酸己酯、水杨酸甲酯、丁酸芳樟酯、香叶酸甲酯、乙酸橙花酯、肉桂酸乙酯、百里香酚、丁香油酚是红肉品种枇杷特有的挥发性物质。不同果肉类型枇杷的挥发性成分的主要差异体现在醇类和酯类物质,脱辅基类胡萝卜素类香气物质香叶基丙酮、β-紫罗酮在红肉枇杷中的相对含量明显高于白肉枇杷。聚类分析和主成分分析能把除‘冠玉’和‘乌躬白’外的其他白肉品种枇杷聚集,壬醛是对果肉风味贡献率最高的挥发性物质。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press