2D伺服螺旋阀芯大行程位置控制的分析研究

2D伺服螺旋数字阀作为先导控制大流量高频响的换向阀,结构上利用2D阀的阀芯的双自由度运动,阀芯由步进电机驱动旋转,通过高低压孔的开口通断来改变敏感腔的压力,从而推动阀芯轴向运动。大流量高频换向阀的小阀芯与2D阀的阀芯由球头刚性连接,获得所需的大行程,驱动主阀芯运动。基于MATLAB建立2D阀的数学模型,该模型的仿真结果能较为准确地描述2D阀的动静态特征。     

大流量2D伺服阀的研究与设计

为实现伺服阀的大流量,采用了2D阀的结构方案.2D阀利用伺服螺旋机构将阀芯的旋转运动转化为阀芯的直线运动,从而实现伺服阀的液压功率放大.采用步进电机作为电-机械转换器来驱动阀芯转动,为使阀芯获得较大的扭矩,采用了较大的传动比.设计了零位保持机构保证了伺服阀工作的稳定性和零位调节的精确性.对伺服阀的阀芯进行了力学分析,并建立了数学模型.最后利用MATLAB进行了仿真研究,仿真结果理想,符合设计要求.     

Flow analysis of a switching valve with innovative poppet head geometry by means of CFD method

The article presents an analysis of flow through a differential switching valve installed inside a throttle-check valve block. The valve is mounted in a sandwich type arrangement together with a control valve according to ISO 4401 standard. This type of block arrangement is popular and commonly used in hydraulic drive systems. The development of a typical throttle-check valve using a differential switching valve makes it possible to add a secondary fluid stream and thus increase the inflow rate to an actuator, which is particularly important in fixed-delivery pump systems. Due to the limited range of valve dimensions and the need to adapt flow paths to connection ports, channels of complex geometry are made inside the valve block. Therefore, the main aim of the work was to properly profile geometry of the differential switching valve spool in order to obtain a smooth opening in the entire displacement range. A 3D model of flow paths was built and CFD analysis was carried out. The obtained results of numerical simulations have been confirmed experimentally on a test bench. The CFD analysis allowed values of velocity and pressure profiles as well as axial flow force acting on the spool to be determined. The proposed new shapes of the spool head geometry significantly increase the spool head operating range. Although flow rate in the initial phase of switching valve opening was reduced, the amplitude of fluid flow fluctuations also decreased.     

Analysis of flow torques during opening and closing of high-frequency rotary directional control valve

A 2D high-frequency rotary directional control valve with a spool having two degrees of freedom for axial linear motion and circumferential rotation is proposed in this paper. The axial linear motion decides the maximum orifice area, and the circumferential rotation lets the orifice area change continuously. One of the known elements impacting valve function is the flow force. This paper systematically analyzes the steady and transient flow torques subjected to the valve through theoretical analysis, AMESim-Fluent joint simulation and experimental tests. The results show that: under a single variable, the flow torques of the 2D high-frequency rotary directional control valve initially increase and then decrease like the sinusoid curve with the rotation of the spool and reach the maximum when the orifice opening is 1/2, and the flow torques are always in the direction of orifice closing and want to close the orifice. When the orifice area increases, the flow torques are the resistance, preventing the spool from opening; when the orifice area decreases, the flow torques are the power, pushing the spool to close. The steady flow torques are proportional to the pressure drop. The direction of the transient flow torque is independent of the relative position of the spool groove and sleeve window, which proportional to the square root of the pressure drop, orifice area and rotational speed. The flow torques are so important in the control of valve and can not be negligible.     

基于仿真离散数据的偏转板射流式伺服阀液动力计算方法研究

基于偏转射流式伺服阀工作机理,提出关于其动态特性分析及前置级液动力计算检测的问题。建立关于力矩马达、射流盘前置级以及功率滑阀三部分的完整伺服阀动态模型,确定前置级液动力的近似公式,并对整阀特性进行频率分析,验证了数学模型的正确性;建立伺服阀前置级内部的二维流场模型,并基于流场仿真所获得的离散数据,给出两种可用于计算稳态液动力的方法,即动量定理法和压差法,通过计算某型伺服阀的液动力,验证上述两种方法能够相互印证;设计并实现了一种双自由度的液动力测试平台,实现了对液动力的间接测试。结果表明,采用动量定理法和压差法计算得到的液动力值,与其近似计算公式以及试验结果一致,证明了提出的液动力计算方法与测试系统均具有可行性,为此类伺服阀的改进与优化提供了技术支撑。     

基于液压转角伺服的液压关节研究

针对液压机器人关节研究中存在关节径向尺寸过大,运动范围偏小,控制精度有限等问题,提出了一种阀芯径向力平衡、伺服肓区小的液压转角伺服阀来解决该问题,设计了对应的液压转角伺服阀,并基于该液压转角伺服阀设计了液压关节.该液压关节尺寸小、力矩大.仿真实验结果证明该液压关节响应快,运动平稳性与稳定性好,运动精度高,带负载能力强.     

大流量数字阀伺服螺旋机构的仿真研究

大流量数字阀的前置级采用伺服螺旋机构,它将阀芯的旋转运动转换为轴向运动,实现伺服阀液压功率放大.通过建立伺服螺旋机构 数学模型,着重研究不同结构参数下其对伺服阀动态性能的影响,以指导实际产品的设计工作.     

2D阀控电液激振器的优化设计和实验研究

为了进一步提高电液激振器的激振频率和控制精度,并降低其加工和安装难度,提出了2D高频激振阀的新结构和控制方法。通过增加2D阀阀芯沟槽与阀套窗口的沟通次数,改进与无刷直流伺服电机连接的高速齿轮箱传动机构,设计混合式直线步进电机与堵头连接以控制阀芯轴向位移,实现了对2D高频激振阀的结构优化。经理论以及实验研究表明：新型2D高频激振阀的结构简单,控制精度高,激振频率最高可达3000Hz。     

旋转式水液压比例阀的动态特性仿真研究

水液压比例/伺服阀是水液压驱动的自动化装备的核心元件,控制着执行元件的运动速度及方向。设计了一种新型旋转式水液压比例阀,介绍了其组成、工作原理及特点,建立了数学物理模型,对其动态特性,特别是频率响应特性进行了仿真研究。得出:适当减小阀芯半径以及阀芯与阀套的配合长度,或适当增加阀芯与阀套的间隙,可提高系统的稳定性及响应频率;力矩电机的转矩常数与转速常数的选择也会影响系统的稳定性与响应频率。     

2D数字阀阀芯受力分析及研究

介绍了2D数字阀的基本结构及工作原理,提出了2D流量控制概念。研究了由径向力引起的液压卡紧现象。通过Fluent软件对数字阀内部进行流场分析,得出2D阀芯弓形槽处壁面所受的压力分布,并对阀芯受到径向力的原因进行了分析,提出了减小2D阀阀芯卡紧力的一些措施。     

非全周矩形开口滑阀小开口度时流量及液动力特性研究

电液伺服阀作为液压控制系统的核心元件,其性能的好坏直接关系到控制系统的特性。采用计算流体动力学软件Fluent中动网格技术,对伺服阀滑阀阀口在0.5mm开度内的流动状态进行静、动态仿真,研究其流量与液动力特性。从计算结果可以看出,阀口流量特性仿真曲线与理论曲线在趋势上基本相同。阀芯所受稳态液动力仿真值与理论值增长趋势基本相同。仿真时,阀口开度按给定速度连续增大,阀口打开瞬时,瞬态液动力变化大;阀口打开后,瞬态液动力变化不大,且瞬态液动力数值较稳态液动力小得多。     

Fluid-dynamic analysis and multi-objective design optimization of piezoelectric servo valves

This paper proposes an effective methodology for the fluid-dynamic design optimization of the main spool of a piezoelectric servo valve. The aim is to improve global performances of the piezoelectric servo valve by reducing the flow force acting on the main spool and the mass of the main spool. The main disturbance forces acting the main spool were analyzed. The steady-state flow force acting on the main spool was derived and the relationship between the flow force and the design parameters of the main spool was established. The design problem of the main spool was formulated mathematically as a multi-objective optimization problem. The minimum steady-state flow force and the minimum mass of main spool were considered as optimization objectives. The elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied and a set of Pareto-optimal solutions was calculated. The optimized results were analyzed and the final design parameters of the main spool were selected for the simulation analysis and experimental research. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was employed to calculate the forces acting on the main spool. Simulation results show the flow force acting on the optimized main spool is significantly reduced. The unoptimized and optimized main spools were machined and experimental study was performed. Results show that the piezoelectric servo valve equipped with the optimized main spool has better response performance and dynamic bandwidth. The dynamic bandwidth is measured to 172 Hz under the amplitude attenuation of −3 dB. Compared with the piezoelectric servo valve with unoptimized main spool, the dynamic bandwidth of the piezoelectric servo valve with optimized main spool is increased by 26%.     

二维电液比例换向阀动态特性及稳定性分析

二维电液比例换向阀兼具直动式和导控式比例阀的功能:正常工作压力下,比例电磁铁输出的推力通过压扭联轴器使阀芯转动,阀敏感腔的压力差动变化,驱动阀芯轴向移动,与此同时阀芯反向转动,敏感腔的压力又逐渐恢复为原来的值,阀芯到达一个新的平衡位置,实现对阀芯位移的液压先导比例控制;当工作压力为零时,则由比例电磁铁直接驱动阀芯。在正常的工作过程中,压扭联轴器不仅可以实现直线-旋转运动转换,还可将比例电磁铁的驱动力放大,使其能有效、可靠地驱动阀芯转动,从而提高其比例控制性能和工作可靠性。通过2D阀的建模、动态仿真及稳定研究,弄清2D阀的关键结构和工作参数对动态特性的影响,并建立2D阀的稳定条件,为其结构设计和优化提供理论依据。对2D阀试验研究,测得直动与导控两种工作状态下主要性能曲线与指标,试验表明2D电液比例换向阀不仅可以实现直动和导控的功能,而且通过先导控制可以有效克服液动力和摩擦力的不利影响,同时也证明了2D阀具有较快的响应速度和很好的稳定性。     

不同形式阀口对数字液压缸性能影响的研究

四通换向阀是数字液压缸重要的组成元件,其阀口形式和尺寸与数字液压缸动态响应特性息息相关。讨论了长方形、U形和三角形3种不同形式的阀口结构,建立其阀口等效通流面积数学模型,得到其流量特性曲线。使用AMESim软件完成了数字液压缸模型的搭建并定义阀口形式和结构参数,研究了不同形式阀口对数字液压缸动态特性的影响。研究结果表明:长方形阀口流量增益最大,因此在液压缸运动所需流量相同的情况下,长方形阀口阀芯位移最小,U形和三角形阀口阀芯位移是长方形阀口阀芯位移的1.59和2.38倍;液压缸稳定运行阶段,长方形阀口形式下的活塞位移误差为1.41 mm,比其他两种形式阀口小73%和110.6%,而长方形阀口时活塞最终位移误差为0.51 mm,比其他两种形式阀口小7.8%和15.7%。最后通过数字液压缸性能测试试验进行验证。     

插装式2D电液比例流量阀的特性研究

电液控制元件的插装化是目前移动式液压控制系统的主流发展趋势。现有的2D比例阀面向传统工业液压领域,其受到液压桥路以及压扭联轴节结构限制,无法实现插装化。提出一种新型插装式2D电液比例流量阀的结构原理,在电-机械转换器与半桥式2D阀本体之间引入双向滚子联轴节,以此实现力传递、阀芯位置反馈和阀芯直线-旋转运动的转换功能。基于线性理论推导了阀的特性方程,并利用Nyquist判据判定了阀的工作稳定性;为实现优化设计,建立基于AMESim、ADAMS和Matlab/Simulink平台的联合仿真模型,研究诸关键结构参数对动态特性的影响。最后设计并制造了样机,搭建了滚子联轴节和插装式2D阀的试验台架,研究联轴节的静动态特性及阀样机的空载流量特性、负载流量特性、泄漏特性以及频响和阶跃特性等。试验结果表明样机具有良好的工作性能。当预载荷为40 N时,联轴节的最大输出扭矩为2.3 N·m,输出角位移为0.42°,滞环为5.25%,响应时间为32.5 ms;当供油压力为12 MPa时,阀样机的空载流量为61.5 L/min,滞环为6.32%,阶跃时间为68.5 ms,幅频频宽为19.7 Hz,相频频宽为22.1 Hz。研究表明,插装式2D阀具有较好的静动态特性,是移动式电液控制系统流量控制阀的一种较理想解决方案。     

Research on the dynamic characteristics of water hydraulic servo valves considering the influence of steady flow force

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor remote-handling (ITER-RH) system powered by water hydraulics is a vision of the future. The 2D servo valve is a new type of servo valve, maybe suitable for the ITER-RH system. It has many advantages, including its fast response and strong anti-pollution ability. However, steady flow force is currently considered to be one factor that impacts the dynamic characteristics of servo valves. In this study, the influence of steady flow force on the dynamic characteristics was analyzed, and the structure was optimized accordingly. A mathematical model of the servo valve was built using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Results indicated that the amplitude bandwidth of the 2D water hydraulic servo valve was 169 Hz without considering the steady flow force, and it decreased to 162 Hz when the steady flow force was considered. Furthermore, a newly designed valve sleeve, to compensate for the axial steady flow force, was proposed by changing the angle of the inlet port designed in the valve sleeve to the spool axis. The maximum compensation capacity of the axial steady flow force was 35%, and the best angle of the inclined holes was approximately 120°. The optimized amplitude bandwidth of the 2D servo valve was 167 Hz. The results demonstrate that the optimized valve sleeve improved the dynamic response of the 2D servo valve.     

阀配流水压柱塞泵的回冲射流及其容积损失

为揭示水压柱塞泵配流阀对泵容积效率的影响程度,设计了阀配流柱塞泵可视化实验装置。通过高速摄像系统清晰观测到柱塞泵中回冲射流现象及形态特征。以阀芯瞬态位移、泵腔压力实测数据为边界条件进行配流阀动网格流场仿真,并进行瞬时流量积分,获得了排水阀回冲射流引起的柱塞泵容积损失数值。结果表明:在1500 r/min转速下,回冲射流时长占柱塞排水周期的30%,约为6 ms,阀芯存在多次振荡且伴随着射流空化;回冲射流造成泵容积效率的损失约为5.3%。     

1000 L/min 2D伺服阀实验研究

2D伺服阀采用伺服螺旋机构实现阀芯的角位移转换为阀芯的轴向位移。采用2D阀的结构方案实现了1000 L/min大流量阀的设计。采用步进电机作为电 机械转换器,并采用位置和电流闭环来驱动阀芯转动。为了实现步进电机输出角位移连续可控采用了步进电机连续跟踪算法的控制方法并在步进控制中引入脉宽调制控制技术,并以此为基础搭建了试验平台,设计了以TMS320F2812作为CPU的2D伺服阀控制器。在分析该阀的结构和工作原理基础上,对该阀频率响应进行实验研究。实验表明：该阀具有良好的动态特性,在幅值为25%阀满开口的正弦信号输入下,相位滞后90°对应的频宽约为50 Hz 。     

Development of a novel rotary flow control valve with an electronic actuator and a pressure compensator valve for a gas turbine engine fuel control system

This paper presents a new rotary proportional flow control valve with Cam-Nozzle configuration. The rotating cam against the fixed nozzle changes the flow area and then can meter the fuel flow. This valve equipped with a pressure compensator plunger type valve to retaining constant pressure difference across the flow control or metering valve. The cam shaft directly coupled to an electronic servomotor type rotary actuator and then it is possible to apply digital control techniques such as pulse width modulation (PWM) in this control system. This new valve configuration is developed for an electro hydro mechanical fuel control system in a gas turbine engine. In addition to aero engine application, this type of flow metering valve can widely be used in industrial hydraulic systems. In this unit, the output flow is proportional to the cam's angular position (or throttle command) and it is not sensitive to pressure fluctuations at nozzle inlet and outlet. The aim of this new design is to modify a manual single adjusted hydro-pneumatic fuel control unit to obtain a new electro-hydraulic fuel control system for a gas turbine engine. The main innovations in the presented fuel metering unit include new design of the rotary valve opening shape (Cam-Nozzle) without metal to metal contact, use of a rotary electronic actuating mechanism and also direct coupling between the actuator and the rotating cam. The increased fuel metering precision in the new flow control valve has improved the ultimate control accuracy of system. A computer simulation software based on the proposed model, is performed to predict the steady state and transient performance and to analyze effect of important design parameters on valve outlet fuel flow and obtain the final design parameters. The validity of the proposed valve configuration is assessed experimentally in the steady state and transient modes of operation. The results show good agreement between simulation and experimental in both modes (max. 4% deviation).     

2D电液比例换向阀阀芯卡紧力分析

针对2D电液比例换向阀阀芯卡滞现象,应用缝隙流动原理,对2D阀芯有无偏心情况下的径向卡紧力进行系统理论分析,得到2D阀芯液压卡紧力计算方法;运用MATLAB软件进行数值计算,得出2D阀芯径向卡紧力与偏心量和高低压孔夹角间的关系;根据2D阀特性,提出2D电液比例换向阀阀芯改进措施,应用Fluent 软件对阀芯表面的流场进行CFD仿真分析,比较了改进前后的流速矢量和压力分布情况,验证了改进措施的正确性。改进后的2D电液比例换向阀在中高压实验中无“卡滞”现象出现,实现了高压大流量的比例控制。