油气水三相段塞流引起的海洋立管耦合振动响应

海洋立管是海上油气集输系统的重要组成部分，用于连接海底油气井口与海上油气集输站。在油气储运工程中，海洋油气集输介质多为油气水三相流体。为了研究油气水三相流海洋立管系统在严重段塞流作用下产生的耦合振动问题，进行了数值计算与实证研究。基于多相流体力学与动力学理论，构建了油气水三相严重段塞流模型和海洋立管结构动力学模型，结合这2个模型，模拟了立管耦合振动响应过程，并设计了下倾管倾斜角度为3°的L型油气水三相流立管系统进行实验。对模型计算值和实测值进行对比，结果表明：所提出的耦合振动响应模型比现有严重段塞流瞬态数学模型更适用于油气水三相段塞流引起的海洋立管耦合振动响应问题的研究，计算结果与实验结果较吻合；立管底部压强与底部位移呈周期性变化，且变化周期基本一致；流体压强是引发立管系统耦合振动响应问题的关键因素。研究结果为油气水三相流海洋立管系统在严重段塞流作用下的耦合振动响应特性分析及其结构设计提供了参考。     

考虑大变形的大柔性立管涡激振动模型

在总结深海大柔性立管涡激振动研究基础上,提出考虑大变形的大柔性立管涡激振动数学模型,开发出相应的计算程序。在验证新模型计算程序可靠的基础上,分别在雷诺数Re=6300、Re= 情况下研究深水顶张式立管涡激振动特征。结果表明,低雷诺数时立管涡激振动以低阶单模态振动为主;随雷诺数的增大,立管涡激振动出现多模态参与振动及涡激振动非完全对称大变形现象。考虑大变形的大柔性立管涡激振动数学模型可用于深水、极深水立管系统涡激振动响应分析预测。     

柔性立管涡激振动抑制装置试验研究

为深入研究带螺旋列板的柔性立管涡激振动响应特性,进行立管螺旋列板抑制装置的拖曳水池试验。由拖车拖动立管产生来流测得应变数据,基于模态叠加法获得立管位移响应等参数。分析螺旋列板抑制装置的螺距变化,系统研究不同螺旋列板状态下立管应变、位移响应等参数。结果表明,流向响应与横向响应同样重要不可忽略;裸管响应特性与带螺旋列板的立管响应特性区别较大,响应特性与螺旋列板几何形状紧密相关。     

细长柔性立管涡激振动的数值模拟研究

应用基于浸入边界法（IBM）的三维水动力并行计算程序CgLES_IBM,并结合隐式结构动力计算程序X-code,研究了低雷诺数条件下细长柔性立管的涡激振动问题。研究发现：立管的振动体现出明显的驻波振动特征。立管在顺流向主要激发奇数阶模态,而横流向处于激发状态模态的奇偶性取决于涡激振动卓越频率和立管固有频率之间的关系。涡激振动的频谱呈现为单谱模式,所有的振动能量都集中在一个窄频段上,波节处能量较弱,波腹处能量较强。波节处,时均能量传递系数为负值,涡激振动处于抑制状态,相邻波节之间,时均能量传递系数为正值,并沿展向呈现出“马鞍形”分布,涡激振动处于激发状态。柔性立管涡激振动的泻涡模式呈现出三维特性,近尾流区为2S模式,但由于倾斜泻涡造成尾涡沿展向移动,尾涡模式随后变为2P₀模式,随着较弱漩涡的耗散,在远尾流区,尾涡模式又回到2S模式。     

非均匀来流下深海立管涡激振动响应研究

针对顶端张紧式深海立管的特点，采用简化后的振动模型，结合刚性圆柱体自激振荡与受追振荡实验数据，建立了深海立管在非均匀来流下涡激振动响应的简化分析模型。各阶模态的响应位移通过平衡涡激锁定区域内柱体的输入能量与非锁定区内流体阻尼的耗散能量计算得到。该模型能充分体现涡激振动现象中频锁范围、附加质量以及非线性流体阻尼等本质特点，且形式简洁，计算方便。通过与实验结果的对比显示，该模型是可行的。     

采用改进尾流振子模型的柔性海洋立管的涡激振动响应分析

建立了柔性杆件在非均匀流作用下的涡激振动响应预测模型,考虑了涡激振动锁频阶段流体附加质量的变化,以及振动响应和来流简缩速度的非线性关系。该模型通过经验公式结合迭代求解的方式,计算方便、速度快,避免了数值计算(CFD)的繁琐,较为适合于海洋工程实际应用。与试验和数值结果的比较表明采用该文提出的计算模型,可以更合理、准确地给出结构涡激振动响应。最后,结合实际平台参数,进行了柔性立管在非均匀流场的作用下的涡激振动响应分析,并研究了立管的预张力、流场分布等参数的影响。分析结果表明:随着立管张力和流场分布的改变,各阶模态锁频区域发生了变化,从而改变了结构的总体响应     

海洋输液立管涡激振动响应及其疲劳寿命研究

以FrancisBiolley改进的vanderPol尾流振子模型为基础,考虑管内流动流体和管外海洋环境荷载共同作用,建立了海洋立管涡激振动微分方程,用Hermit插值函数对立管微分方程进行离散,并用Miner理论对立管的疲劳寿命进行分析,通过编程和实例计算,分析了管内流速对涡激响应幅值和疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,当管内流体流速变化使立管的固有频率接近漩涡脱落频率时,立管涡激振动响应将会增大,疲劳寿命将会显著减少。     

带柔性接头的深海立管动力特性和非线性静力响应分析

深海立管各段之间并非完全刚性连接，本文提出了一种柔性接头的物理模型并建立了整个立管系统的控制方程，研究了柔性接头对立管动力特性和几何非线性静力响应的影响，可用于控制和改善立管的动力响应     

海洋深水柔性立管密封胶的研制及性能

采用弹性环氧树脂和憎水型固化剂制备了一种能在水下1500m固化的高弹性高粘接性的密封材料。采用万能材料试验机、扫描电镜及差示扫描量热仪研究了密封胶的性能。测试结果表明,随着固化剂含量的增加,密封胶的断裂伸长率由98.30%增加到163.20%,拉伸强度由5.80 MPa减小到1.35 MPa,拉伸剪切强度由7.31 MPa减小到2.53 MPa;随着固化压力的增加,密封胶的粘接能力先增加然后趋于平缓;DSC结果表明,随着固化剂含量的增加,密封胶的玻璃化转变温度Tg从112.24℃降低到-5.51℃;模拟实验结果表明,该密封胶有良好的粘接柔性立管的性能。     

振荡来流下柔性立管涡激振动“分时特性”试验研究

悬链线立管在顶部浮体的带动下,其动力响应会诱发其周围产生相对来流,而这种振荡来流将激励立管悬垂段产生"间歇性"的涡激振动。在海洋工程水池中对不同最大约化速度URmax、KC数组合下的振荡来流作用下的柔性立管进行模型试验研究,利用光纤应变片测量柔性立管模型的涡激振动响应。结合模态分析与小波分析对试验数据进行分析,观察到一种区别于定常来流下的涡激振动响应形式,即具有"振幅调制"及"模态转换"的"分时特性"的涡激振动。最后讨论并总结了最大约化速度URmax以及KC数对涡激振动"分时特性"的影响规律。     

Nonlinear flow-induced vibration of a SWCNT with a geometrical imperfection

Based on the nonlocal continuum theory, transverse vibration of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) conveying fluid with immovable support conditions is investigated. Unlike previous similar studies, the SWCNT is assumed to be not perfectly straight and initially includes a slight geometrical curvature as an imperfection. The SWCNT is assumed to be embedded in a Pasternak-type foundation. Hamilton’s principle is applied to drive an efficient governing equation of motion, which covers stretching, large deformation, and imperfection nonlinearities. The perturbation method of multi scales (MMS) is applied and the nonlinear flow-induced frequency ratio is analytically calculated. The obtained results reveal that the imperfection of the nanotube at high flow velocities makes the model severely nonlinear, especially when considering the nonlocal effects. A noteworthy observation is that the nonlinear flow-induced frequency ratio is decreased as the imperfection of the nanotube increases. Whereas through a parametric study, the effects of the flow velocity, nonlocal parameter, the stiffness of the elastic foundation, and the boundary conditions (BCs) on this frequency reduction are calculated and discussed widely.     

Numerical simulation of dispersed gas-liquid flows

This paper reviews the available information on numerical simulation of dispersed gas-liquid flows. Emphasis is on informing the reader about various aspects of constructing simulation models rather than giving an exhaustive literature review. The information is organised in a way so as to provide answers to the following questions: how to formulate model equations? how to select suitable algorithms and numerical techniques to solve these model equations? how to translate these into workable computer codes? how to use such codes for simulating flows in industrial equipment? Though greater emphasis is given to dispersed gas-liquid flows, the methodology can be applied to any multi-phase problem. Special features of multi-phase flow simulation over single-phase simulation are highlighted. A case of gas-liquid flow in a bubble column is presented as an illustration for the general methodology. The simulated mean flow field agrees reasonably with the experimental data. Properly validatedcfd codes thus can serve as a useful tool for design engineers of multi-phase systems. Some of the common pitfalls in using simulation codes for design are also discussed. This review is expected to give an overall idea about the present state-of-art of two-phase simulation in industrial equipment.     

细长立管两向自由度涡激振动数值研究

采用ANSYS-CFX软件对细长立管的两向自由度涡激振动进行了数值模拟,分析了小变形（A/D=0.07）和大变形（A/D=1）两种条件下的立管涡激振动特性。在小变形条件下,锁定区的顺流向振动和横向振动的幅值比小于非锁定区;在非锁定区,顺流向振动频率是横向振动频率的两倍,而在锁定区两者振动频率相同,等于升力频率。在大变形条件下,锁定区的顺流向振动和横向振动的幅值比明显大于非锁定区;不论在锁定区还是非锁定区,都满足顺流向振动频率是横向振动频率的两倍关系,顺流向振动频率等于拖曳力频率,横向振动频率等于升力频率。     

Plane-parallel advective flows in a vibration field

We examine the effect of harmonic high-frequency vibrations on advective planeparallel liquid flow in a plane horizontal layer.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 238–242, February, 1989.     

移动龙卷风作用下高铁接触网风振响应分析

为探究龙卷风作用下高速铁路接触网的动力响应,以简单链形接触网为研究对象,基于Wen模型模拟三维移动龙卷风场,开展了移动龙卷风作用下的接触网风振响应分析,研究了龙卷风级别及移动速度等关键参数对接触网动力响应的影响。结果表明,接触线横向位移响应幅值发生在龙卷风场中心到达结构之前;龙卷风移动速度的增加在一定范围导致接触线横向振动响应更加剧烈,然而当移动速度过大时,接触线横向位移响应幅值下降。在研究所选F1及F2级龙卷风作用下,接触线各跨间最大横向位移响应幅值均在规范的许用范围之内;而F3级龙卷风作用下,接触线振动响应接近甚至超过规范限值,应当引起关注。     

流体诱导弹性管束振动响应数值分析

基于流固耦合问题的弱耦合法,研究弹性管束不同流速的壳程或/和管程流体诱导下的振动响应。研究表明,流体诱导振动幅值随壳程或/和管程流速的增加而增加。与相同管程流速条件相比,壳程流体引起的振幅较大。随壳程流速增加监测点振动频率增加;随管程流速增加监测点振动频率基本不变。壳、管程流体耦合诱导的振动位移曲线与仅壳程流体诱导的振动位移曲线类似,说明弹性管束工作过程中的振动主要由壳程流体诱导。流体诱导的振动频率接近管束第一阶固有频率时,监测点在y、z方向振幅逐渐趋于峰值。流体诱导弹性管束的振动主要表现为面内振动。     

两种鼻锥在高速气流中声学特性的研究

为了在气流当中进行噪声测量,传声器上必须加装适当形式的鼻锥以降低传感器自噪声。否则,传感器自噪声会过大而影响正常的声学测量。所以,当在高速气流中进行声学测量时,传感器自噪声成为测量的制约因素。如何降低传感器自噪声成为高速气流中声学测量的关键。鼻锥的形式对传感器自噪声有重要的影响。为了发展低噪声鼻锥,采用实验的方法,在闭口风洞声学实验段中,研究了两种形式鼻锥在风速为10m/s～50m/s时的声学特性。实验结果表明,半球型头部的鼻锥在风速为30m/s～50m/s时比常见的鼻锥自噪声小约3～11(dB)。因此,使用半球型头部的鼻锥可以改善测试条件或提高实验风速。     

The periodic routeing of a flexible manufacturing system with centralized in-process inventory flows

We consider a flexible manufacturing system consisting of one unlimited central buffer and n workstations each having a limited local buffer. The in-process inventory is centralized through the central buffer. General independent random processing times are assumed at each station. The system is reviewed periodically. We address the routeing control problem, where the routeings of jobs from the central buffer to each station are to be determined periodically to minimize the in-process inventory costs. A dynamic programming model is developed for the determination of the optimal routeings. The computational formulae are derived, and a solution approach is established. The computational results for a real flexible manufacturing system are reported.     

Reduction of residual vibration in a rotating flexible beam

Summary. The reduction of residual vibrations of the position control of a rotating flexible beam is investigated. The control scheme is achieved by combining Input Shaping Technique (IST) with a piezoceramic actuator ( PZT ) attached to the surface of the beam. IST reduces residual vibration in the beam by convolving the desired torque with a sequence of impulses. A majority of the current IST is inherently open-loop where impulse application at an inaccurate instance can lead to system performance degradation. Thus, in order to improve the control performance of a flexible manipulator, the residual vibration generated due to those or the uncertainty model was further suppressed by the PZT. The optimal control voltage was determined by the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) technique. The dynamic simulation shows that the proposed method has not only nice robustness properties for suppressing the vibration due to an inaccurate model or the instance of impulse application, but also the voltage applied on the PZT decreases 50% or more than only using PZT, in other words, the extra energy consumption is reduced significantly by the proposed method.     

基于小波变换的顶张力立管涡激振动规律实验研究

为研究顶张力立管在海流作用下的涡激振动规律,在大型波浪流水槽中进行涡激振动模型实验。实验中立管竖直固定于实验支架上,外部承受不同速度的流体作用,上端施加变化的顶张力。立管模型上均匀布置六个测点,根据每个测点布置的两个应变计,分别测得来流向和横向两个方向振动响应。通过小波变换方法对实验数据进行时间频域分析,得到立管涡激振动频率和振动幅值以及来流向与横向的耦合振动规律,考察顶张力变化对立管自振频率以及涡激振动的影响。