猴头菌发酵菌粉成分分析

对猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)发酵菌粉进行了较全面的成分分析。结果表明猴头菌发酵菌粉中总蛋白、总氨基酸含量分别为27.63%和18.13%。菌粉中不饱和脂肪酸是优势脂肪酸,以亚油酸和油酸为主,还含有丰富的核苷类、酚类物质、多种矿质元素。粗多糖含量为11.2%,单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖。菌粉中总酚含量为4.38 mg/g,总三萜含量为6.60 mg/g。     

添加葛根粉对冷冻馒头食用品质的影响

摘 要：目的 探究添加不同含量葛根粉对冷冻馒头食用品质的影响。方法 添加不同比例(0、5%、10%、15%、20%)葛根粉替代面粉制备葛根面团,比较新鲜面团与-20℃下冻藏30 d冷冻面团蒸制的馒头的感官品质、体外消化和抗氧化性的影响。结果 相比于纯麦馒头,随着葛根粉含量增加,新鲜馒头和冷冻馒头的比容、延展率和明亮度均下降,硬度和咀嚼性增大,淀粉水解率下降,抗氧化性上升。当葛根粉添加量为15%时,新鲜馒头快消化淀粉含量下降13.69%、慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉含量分别增加4.59%和9.10%,最终淀粉水解率下降8.10%,GI下降12.30,但总酚、总黄酮含量和抗氧化性均显著增加(P<0.05)。相比于新鲜葛根馒头,冷冻葛根馒头的感官品质、淀粉水解率、总酚、总黄酮含量和抗氧化性能均略微下降。结论 当添加15%葛根粉时,制作的冷冻葛根馒头依然可以保持良好的感官品质和抗氧化性,较低的淀粉水解率。     

竹荪菌粉与小麦粉混合制备馒头的品质特性研究

为探究竹荪菌粉产品的品质特性,对其进行酶活力测试,脂肪酶活力为50.80 U/g,蛋白酶活力为44.40U/g,CMC纤维素酶活力为93.61U/g,纤维素酶滤纸酶活力为33.88U/g,活性肽活力为26.28mg/g。利用竹荪菌粉产品与普通小麦粉以1∶25的比例混合制备馒头,对竹荪菌粉馒头中微量元素含量进行测定,镁、锌、钙、铁、钾、硒含量分别为19.03、3.61、10.27、1.28、82.34、0.14mg/100g。相对于普通馒头,竹荪菌粉产品与普通小麦粉混合制备的馒头中蛋白质的二级结构中β-转角的含量普遍降低,分别从普通馒头的30.53%降低到3个混合馒头样品中的26.57%、23.15%和13.56%;α-螺旋+β-折叠的含量普遍升高,分别从普通馒头的52.86%升高到3个混合馒头样品中的62.51%、65.89%和75.70%。结果表明,竹荪菌粉馒头与普通馒头相比具有更好的品质特性。     

藜麦粉营养成分及抗氧化活性研究

以不同藜麦品种的原粮粉与脱皮粉为实验材料,对其主要营养成分、总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,不同藜麦品种的营养成分存在一定差异。3种原粮粉的粗蛋白、总淀粉含量显著低于脱皮粉,灰分含量显著高于脱皮粉(P0.05);原粮粉与脱皮粉的之间粗脂肪、粗纤维含量没有明显差异。原粮粉中总酚、总黄酮及皂甙含量均高于脱皮粉,格尔木原粮粉的总酚(1.70 mg GRE/g)、总黄酮(2.08 mg RE/g)及皂甙(10.38 mg OAE/g)含量最高,海藜脱皮粉的总酚(1.13 mg GRE/g)、总黄酮(0.76 mg RE/g)及皂甙(6.55 mg OAE/g)含量最低。不同品种间脱皮粉及原粮粉的抗氧化活性存在显著差异(P0.05),藜麦原粮粉提取物的总抗氧化能力、DPPH·清除能力、ABTS~+·清除能力、铁离子还原力(FRAP)均显著高于脱皮粉(P0.05)。     

苦荞馒头抗氧化品质、体外消化特性及感官评价的研究

研究比较不同梯度苦荞粉添加量(4%、8%和12%)的苦荞馒头和小麦馒头之间功能品质、体外消化特性以及感官评价的差异,确定苦荞适宜的添加比例。结果表明：苦荞馒头的黄酮、多酚、抗性淀粉含量和抗氧化能力均显著高于小麦馒头,苦荞馒头的血糖生成指数（estimated glycemic index,EGI）明显低于小麦馒头,并且随着苦荞粉添加量的增加,样品表现出抗氧化活性增强、EGI值下降的趋势。然而,苦荞粉添加比例的增大会降低消费者对产品的接受程度。综合考虑馒头的营养价值和感官品质,适宜的苦荞粉添加量为8%。     

不同品种糙米营养品质和理化特性比较

以7个来源于湖北省的不同品种糙米为原料,以营养组分含量、阳离子交换能力、胆固醇吸附能力、亚硝酸根吸附能力、淀粉消化特性为评价指标,研究比较糙米品种间营养品质和理化特性的差异性,旨在为糙米加工原料选择提供参考。结果表明：不同品种糙米的粗蛋白、直链淀粉、氨基酸和总酚含量差异较大,广两优香66的粗蛋白和必需氨基酸含量均最高,而罗田贡米的直链淀粉和总酚含量最高,分别为15.90%（m/m）和196.54 mg GAE/100 g DW。罗田贡米的胆固醇吸附能力和亚硝酸根吸附能力分别为 55.05 mg/g和0.20 mg/g,均显著高于其它品种糙米（P<0.05）,广两优香66和鄂中5号也展现出较强的阳离子交换能力和亚硝酸根吸附能力;巨两优60和罗田贡米的快速消化淀粉含量最低,慢速消化淀粉含量最高,具有明显延缓淀粉消化的作用。比较筛选出广两优香66（高蛋白、高赖氨酸）和罗田贡米（高总酚、胆固醇和亚硝酸根吸附能力强、延缓淀粉消化作用强）的高营养和高功能性质的品种。该研究为糙米加工及产品开发提供了数据支撑。     

脱皮制粉对黑、白青稞粉营养卫生品质及加工特性的影响

该文探究脱皮程度对黑、白青稞粉营养品质、卫生质量、糊化特性和面团粉质特性的影响。结果表明：随着脱皮率的增加,黑、白青稞粉的蛋白质、总酚、灰分含量均呈总体下降趋势,而β-葡聚糖、淀粉含量则表现出不同程度上升。黑、白青稞麸皮粉中蛋白质含量分别为17.10%和14.20%,灰分含量分别为5.60%和4.70%,β-葡聚糖含量分别为未检出和0.07%,总酚含量分别为1.39 mg/g和1.97 mg/g;青稞粉和麸皮粉中均未检出黄曲霉毒素B1;脱皮率为5%的白青稞粉破损淀粉含量为21.07 UCD,白度为57.57%,且其糊化特性和面团粉质特性均较未脱皮白青稞粉有所提升。     

体外模拟消化过程中核桃花提取物抗氧化活性的变化

为研究体外模拟消化过程中核桃花提取物抗氧化活性的变化,对核桃花提取物依次进行模拟口腔消化、胃消化和小肠消化,分别采用福林酚法和亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝法测定核桃花提取物在不同消化阶段的总酚和总黄酮含量,以DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除能力和铁还原能力为指标,考察核桃花提取物抗氧化活性的变化情况。结果表明：在口腔消化、胃消化和小肠消化过程中,核桃花提取物的总酚、总黄酮含量以及抗氧化活性均呈下降趋势。其中总酚含量从消化前的3.30 mg/mL降至消化后的0.62 mg/mL,降低了81.21%;总黄酮含量从2.88 mg/mL降至0.02 mg/mL,降低了99.31%;核桃花提取物清除DPPH自由基的IC50值从211.02 μg/mL上升到424.45 μg/mL,清除ABTS自由基的IC50值从220.63 μg/mL上升至421.82 μg/mL,铁还原能力从106.13 μg/mL下降为40.47 μg/mL。在模拟胃消化和小肠消化阶段,酸碱环境和消化酶的作用破坏了核桃花提取物中的抗氧化成分,使其抗氧化活性发生了显著下降。     

紫薯粉发酵工艺优化及抗氧化能力分析

以紫薯生粉为原料,对低糖酵母发酵制备高抗氧化活性紫薯粉的工艺条件进行优化,并探讨发酵前后总黄酮、总酚、花青素与抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明,低糖酵母发酵的最佳工艺条件为酵母添加量0.95%,料液比1022(g/mL)、发酵时间16h、发酵温度23℃,该条件下的紫薯粉抗氧化能力为404.94 mg VC/100g,总酚含量为123.85mg GAE/100g,总黄酮含量为610.64mg芦丁/100g,花青素含量为26.99mg/100g,其抗氧化能力显著提高,花青素的稳定性优于未发酵紫薯粉。     

不同品种猕猴桃果实的品质及抗氧化活性

测定10 种猕猴桃VC、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总酚、蛋白质和氨基酸含量,并据此进行聚类分析,通过比较其清除DPPH自由基的能力,探究抗氧化活性与VC、总酚含量的相关性。结果表明：猕猴桃成熟果实含可溶性固形物含量12.27%～20.37%、可滴定酸含量0.85%～1.77%、VC含量54.86～159.08 mg/100 g、蛋白质含量0.86%～1.85%、总氨基酸含量10.74～17.94 mg/g、总酚含量63.71～152.46 mg/100 g、对DPPH自由基的清除率为13.75%～68.34%。6 种营养成分在不同猕猴桃品种之间具有一定差异性,其中翠香、红阳、金桃和华优的可溶性固形物、VC和总酚含量均较高,而黄金果和海沃德的VC、总酚含量较低,其他品种的营养成分指标基本处于中等水平,华优的VC含量（159.08 mg/100 g）、总酚含量（152.46 mg/100 g）及DPPH自由基清除率（68.34%）最高,是营养价值最高的品种之一。猕猴桃的抗氧化能力与其中的VC和总酚含量之间呈现较高相关性,表明猕猴桃的抗氧化作用与其中所含的VC和酚类物质关系密切。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the