国内外食品接触用再生塑料管理模式研究及分析

目的 研究美国、欧盟、日本、韩国等国家和地区食品接触用再生塑料的管理模式,分析其先进做法,对我国相应管理措施的建立提出建议。方法 收集各国和地区食品接触用再生塑料相关法律、法规、指南文件等,从管理机构与职责、管理概况及审批程序、安全性评估方法、现阶段工作进展等4方面分析美国、欧盟、日本、韩国等国家和地区的食品接触用再生塑料的管理模式,比较异同点,研究分析其中可供我国参考借鉴的内容。结果 欧美等主要发达国家和地区对食品接触用再生塑料均建立了较为成熟的管理措施,以风险评估为基础开展针对性的管控。结论 建议我国综合借鉴欧美经验,进一步摸清行业现状、开展系统性安全性评估研究,探索和建立适合我国国情的风险管理措施。     

食品毒理学数据库构建研究

目的 建立食品毒理学数据库（FoodTox）。方法 建立食品毒理学数据库网站,确定数据库优先入库名单,通过文献检索的方式收集相关物质的毒理学资料,利用系统文献综述（SLR）方法整理入库物质的毒理学数据。结果 食品毒理学数据库已收录1 600余种物质,相关数据包括代谢、急性毒性、遗传毒性、生殖发育毒性、亚慢性毒性、慢性毒性和致癌、人群资料、健康指导值等毒理学资料和国内外管理法规、相关食物和症状等,已经向相关领域工作者开放使用。结论 本数据库的建立将为食品毒理学工作者提供第一手的参考资料,为相关优先物质的毒理学安全性评价提供依据,为应急风险评估提供技术支持。     

过氧乙酸消毒液在食品工业中的应用

本文综合分析了过氧乙酸消毒液的性质、检测方法及使用方式。通过比较过氧乙酸杀灭不同微生物的效果,分析过氧乙酸杀菌效果的几个影响因素,如消毒剂浓度、作用时间、消毒温度及有机干扰物及过氧乙酸检测方法与使用方法。结果显示,过氧乙酸消毒前清洗可以减少干扰物对杀菌效果的影响,提高消毒剂浓度或温度、延长时间可以达到理想的消毒效果。     

OECD遗传毒性测试方法与我国相关食品安全国家标准的比较研究

目的 比较OECD遗传毒性测试方法与我国相关食品安全国家标准的一致性和差别。方法 对比我国GB15193.1—2014 食品安全国家标准 食品安全性毒理学评价程序与经济发展与合作组织（OECD）《化学品测试指南》中的遗传毒性测试方法的主要指标,分析两者异同。结果 GB15193与OECD《化学品测试指南》中遗传毒性测试方法体系基本一致,但具体试验方法之间存在实验动物/细胞选择、剂量设置和结果判定等方面的差别。结论 OECD《化学品测试指南》作为国际通行的化学品安全性评价指南对我国食品及食品相关产品的遗传毒性评价方法和体系起着一定的引领作用,比较研究有助于进一步完善我国食品安全性遗传毒性评价体系。     

我国食品接触用不锈钢制品中金属元素迁移理论风险评估

目的 建立推导食品接触材料来源的危害因素可接受暴露水平的方法,并评估食品接触用不锈钢制品中5种金属元素迁移的理论暴露水平及潜在健康风险,对我国现行标准的适宜性进行评价。方法 参考国际上饮用水中化学污染物、金属制品来源的金属元素,以及食品接触材料来源的污染物可接受暴露水平的分配原则,综合考虑金属元素的膳食暴露水平和毒理学数据,确定我国居民不锈钢制品来源的金属元素的可接受暴露水平。假定每天摄入1 kg由不锈钢制品盛放的食品,利用GB 4806.9—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品接触用金属材料及制品》中规定的不锈钢制品中铅、镉、砷、铬、镍元素的特定迁移限量,估计5种金属元素迁移的理论暴露水平,并依据推导的可接受暴露水平评估不锈钢制品中金属元素迁移的健康风险。结果 食品接触用不锈钢制品中铅、镉、砷、铬和镍的可接受暴露水平分别为0.06（铅儿童）、0.13（铅成人）、0.08、0.30、60.00和2.40 μg/kg·BW。食品接触用不锈钢制品来源的铅和砷的理论暴露水平分别为2.50（铅儿童）、0.83（铅成人）和0.67 μg/kg·BW,暴露限值分别为0.02（铅儿童）、0.16（铅成人）和0.45,远低于1。镉、铬和镍的理论暴露水平分别为0.33、33.33和8.33 μg/kg·BW,分别为相应不锈钢制品来源的可接受暴露水平的400.12%、55.56%和347.22%。结论 在我国现行标准下,根据理论暴露结果,铬元素迁移导致的风险较低,镉、镍、铅和砷迁移导致的健康风险相对较高,建议开展基于实际迁移水平的风险评估,为是否需要修订GB 4806.9—2016提供科学依据。     

婴幼儿辅助食品中矿物油的污染水平及其健康影响评估

目的 了解我国婴幼儿辅助食品中烃类矿物油的污染水平,并评估其对我国0～3岁婴幼儿消费人群的潜在健康影响。方法 采用在线高效液相-气相色谱法检测饱和烃矿物油（MOSH）和芳香烃矿物油（MOAH）的含量。结合2015年中国居民食物消费量数据,采用简单分布法对我国0～3岁婴幼儿矿物油膳食暴露开展风险评估。结果 4类（罐装辅助食品、米粉、面条、饼干或磨牙棒）共计138份市售婴幼儿辅助食品中,MOSH（C16～C35）的总检出率为45.65%,在各类辅食中平均污染水平范围为0.55～4.40 mg/kg。MOAH仅在1个面条样品和4个饼干或磨牙棒样品中检出,总检出率为3.62%。我国0～3岁婴幼儿辅食消费人群MOSH（C16～C35）每日平均暴露量及高食物消费量人群（P95）暴露量分别为6.21和19.27 μg/kg·BW,各年龄组暴露限值均大于100。结论 我国0～3岁婴幼儿经辅食中MOSH膳食暴露导致的健康风险很低。需要关注婴幼儿辅食中MOAH的污染。     

济南市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况及半定量风险评估研究

目的 了解济南市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌污染状况和分离株肠毒素基因携带情况,评估生鸡肉产品对消费者的健康风险。方法 2021年3~11月对济南市主要人口密集区域的部分大型超市、农贸市场、肉制品零售店等流通环节及电商平台进行样品采集,依据GB 4789.10—2016《食品微生物学检验 金黄色葡萄球菌检验》要求对样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌检验;通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）对分离株进行复核鉴定和5种肠毒素基因（sea、seb、sec、sed、see）的检测;使用Risk ranger风险评估软件评估济南市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌对消费者健康的影响。结果 在采集的180份样品中,共55份样品检出金黄色葡萄球菌,其中大型超市、电商平台来源的冷冻鸡制品16份（16/61）;农贸市场,肉制品零售店来源的冷冻鸡制品30份（30/60）,鲜整鸡9份（9/59）。55株分离株中有9株携带至少一种经典肠毒素基因。半定量风险评估结果提示,济南市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌导致消费者罹患食物中毒的风险等级为高风险水平,其中农贸市场、肉制品零售店来源的冷冻鸡制品风险值为53;鲜整鸡风险值为52;大型超市、电商平台来源的冷冻鸡制品风险值为49。结论 济南市市售生鸡肉中金黄色葡萄球菌污染水平较为严重。结合风险评估结果,建议有关部门加强监管力度,规范市售冷冻肉制品的运输和存放条件,降低冷冻鸡制品细菌污染的风险,保障消费者健康。     

基于接触面积的饮料酒消费量概率评估参数构建研究

目的 研究建立不同类型、不同接触材料饮料酒的基于接触面积的消费量数据库,为食品接触材料概率评估提供消费量参数和方法学支持。方法 将饮料酒食品接触面积/体积比（S/V）数据和饮料酒消费量数据作为两个独立的分布总体,采用蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）模拟方法分别在这两个总体中进行随机抽样并匹配对应类别相乘,得到不同接触材料饮料酒基于接触面积的消费量分布。以上过程模拟1 000次得到各统计量的抽样分布,从而量化模型的不确定性。结果 按饮料酒-材料组合分类,基于接触面积的消费量均值最高的为啤酒-玻璃,均值为5.500 dm²/d,95%CI为5.302~5.705 dm²/d。按食品接触材料分类,基于接触面积的消费量均值最高的为（铝）涂层,均值为5.213 dm²/d,95%CI为4.929~5.532 dm²/d。结论 饮料酒基于接触面积的消费量可以成为我国饮料酒食品接触材料概率评估的基础参数,可用于进行精确的膳食暴露评估。     

餐饮食品营养成分影响因素分析

目的 对餐饮食品中营养成分的影响因素进行调查分析，为推广餐饮食品营养标识应用，助力营养健康食堂和营养健康餐厅建设，营造更健康的饮食环境提供理论依据。方法 在具有南北餐饮特色的北京和舟山两地组织当地食品营养及餐饮行业专业技术人员进行专题小组访谈，对访谈结果进行整理分析。结果 参与访谈人员普遍认为我国餐饮食品营养成分影响因素主要在原材料、前处理、烹饪方式及烹饪条件等方面。结论 对餐饮食品营养成分影响因素的了解将有助于进一步展开针对性研究，帮助餐饮业提升餐饮食品营养品质，不断改善居民的膳食生活质量，提高国民营养健康水平，助力健康中国建设。     

基准剂量法推导3-氯丙醇及其酯的肾小管增生效应的BMDL值

目的 基于基准剂量（BMD）法推导3-氯丙醇及其酯的肾小管增生效应的基准剂量95%置信区间下限（BMDL₁₀）。方法 利用3-氯丙醇的2年慢性毒性合并致癌性研究分析最敏感毒性终点肾小管增生,分别使用频率论模型法、频率论模型均衡法和贝叶斯模型均衡法进行BMD建模,通过对9个常规模型的拟合,获得平滑的剂量反应曲线,得到最佳拟合模型和BMDL₁₀值。结果 通过比较不同数据集的结果保守程度,选择最佳数据集。在相同数据集的情况下,模型参数限制与不限制、单一模型与模型均衡的选择是影响3-氯丙醇及其酯的BMDL结果的重要影响因素,通过综合拟合与保守程度,3-氯丙醇及其酯的肾小管增生效应的BMDL₁₀为0.87 mg/kg?BW,此结果还需结合不确定性系数进一步确定健康指导值。结论 研究结果将为我国重点食品中3-氯丙醇及其酯的风险评估服务,根据评估结果,进一步对重点食品的监管和管控提供科学建议。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press