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近10余年来,我国依照《食品安全法》开展包括微生物风险评估在内的食品安全风险评估体系建设,微生物风险评估工作体系和技术体系等方面取得明显进展,成为我国开展食源性致病微生物风险评估的重要基础.随着全球后疫情时代食品供应链的变化和新技术的快速发展以及我国食品安全治理现代化需求的增加,构建基于我国膳食消费行为的评估模型、提高... 相似文献
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目的 针对《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》(GB 2760—2014)中具有每日允许摄入量(ADI)值和最大使用量的着色剂,开展理论风险评估,了解其使用的安全性和人体健康风险。方法 首先使用丹麦预算法计算着色剂的理论每日最大摄入量。对于预算法评估发现摄入量超过ADI的着色剂,进一步利用我国2012年总膳食研究的食物消费量数据和GB 2760—2014中着色剂的最大使用量,采用简单分布评估法开展理论风险评估。结果 本研究共筛选出21种具有数值型ADI和最大使用限量的着色剂。预算法评估发现其中有15种每日摄入量高于ADI。对这15种着色剂进一步开展简单分布评估,显示我国一般人群的每日平均摄入量均低于ADI,但有2种着色剂的高食物量消费人群(P95)摄入量超过其ADI;消费人群的每日平均摄入量也均低于ADI,但有8种着色剂的P95摄入量超过其ADI。结论 我国批准使用的大部分着色剂在我国人群中的摄入量较低,风险处于可接受水平,但仍有少部分着色剂的高食物量消费人群的每日理论摄入量超过ADI,需要进一步摸清这些着色剂在食品中的实际含量后开展更精确的风险评估,从而确定其对我国人群的健康风险水... 相似文献
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氯酸盐经酸化制得稳定性二氧化氯,其具有极强的消毒杀菌作用和广泛的应用范围,而且无毒性,高效安全。 相似文献
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国内外食品安全风险评估在风险管理中的应用概况 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
食品安全风险评估是制定食品安全标准等食品安全监管措施的科学基础和依据,为了发挥食品安全风险评估在食品安全监管中的作用,一些国家建立了专门开展食品安全风险评估的机构,我国也按照《食品安全法》要求成立了国家食品安全风险评估专家委员会开展风险评估工作。食品安全风险评估技术手段在食品安全标准制定、突发食品安全事件处理及风险交流中发挥越来越重要的作用,但基于我国面临的食品安全形势及食品安全监管的需要,还需要从机构、风险评估能力、技术和人才队伍等方面加强我国食品安全风险评估体系建设。 相似文献
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目的 评估济南市居民经谷物及其制品摄入脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)及其衍生物的暴露水平及健康风险。方法 2022年采集济南市售谷物及其制品204份,采用点评估法和概率评估法评估济南市各年龄性别组人群DON成组膳食暴露的急性及慢性毒性风险。结果 点评估结果显示,在DON及其衍生物的最高污染水平下,济南市居民均无急性毒性暴露风险,但约10%的高污染水平谷物及其制品会对健康造成慢性毒性风险。概率评估结果显示,DON成组暴露量中位值水平为0.096~0.228 μg/(kg·BW·d),有3.11%~10.74%的人群暴露量高于暂定最大每日可耐受摄入量,高危人群主要是低年龄组人群。小麦粉及其制品中的DON污染为膳食暴露的主要风险因素,贡献率为93.8%~98.0%。结论 济南市人群DON成组膳食暴露风险整体较低,但低年龄组人群属高危人群,应引起重视。 相似文献
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不同国家和国际组织食品接触材料的风险评估 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对欧盟、美国、加拿大和我国食品接触材料的基本定义、食品接触材料风险评估需要递交的资料和暴露评估的介绍,了解不同国家或国际组织对食品接触材料的风险评估方法,从而对国际上食品接触材料的风险评估有更清晰的认识。 相似文献
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《Journal of dairy science》2023,106(2):1383-1393
Prototheca spp. is a frequent cause of bovine mastitis and is highly resistant to commonly used disinfectants. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate the antimicrobial activity of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) against mastitis-causing Prototheca spp., and (2) evaluate the biofilm production ability of Prototheca spp. A total of 85 Prototheca bovis and 2 Prototheca blaschkeae isolates from bovine mastitis cases were submitted to biofilm production assays and antimicrobial susceptibility tests against PHMB and disinfectants commonly used in dairy herds (chlorhexidine digluconate, povidone-iodine, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and sodium hypochlorite). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal algicidal concentration (MAC) were determined by microdilution assays. We observed that PHMB (MIC90: ≥2 µg/mL and MAC90: ≥4 µg/mL) and chlorhexidine gluconate (MIC90 and MAC90: ≥2 µg/mL) presented the highest antimicrobial activity against P. bovis isolates, followed by sodium dichloroisocyanurate (MIC90 and MAC90: ≥1,400 µg/mL), sodium hypochlorite (MIC90 and MAC90: ≥2,800 µg/mL), and povidone-iodine (MIC90 and MAC90: ≥3,200 µg/mL). Concerning P. blaschkeae isolates, PHMB (MIC and MAC ≥1 µg/mL) and chlorhexidine gluconate (MIC and MAC ≥1 µg/mL) were the disinfectants that presented the lowest concentration values required to inhibit the isolates. Regarding biofilms formation, 63.5% (n = 54/85) of the P. bovis isolates were classified as strong, 28.3% (n = 24/85) moderate, and 8.2% (n = 7/85) weak biofilm producers. In contrast, the P. blaschkeae isolates were classified as weak and moderate biofilm producers. These findings suggest that PHMB has the potential to be used for teat and milking-equipment disinfection for the prevention of mastitis-causing Prototheca spp. in dairy herds. 相似文献
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Waste milk feeding is a common practice in dairy operations. Regardless of the benefits of this practice to the dairy farmers, concerns from the potential dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through the gut and subsequent shedding by calves into the environment are increasing. In this study, we employed Monte Carlo simulation to assess the risk of shedding extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESC-R E. coli) caused by waste milk feeding in pre-weaned calves using an exponential dose-response model fit to data for E. coli O157:H7 in cattle. Data from pertinent studies were included in our model to predict the risk of shedding. The median (5th and 95th percentiles) for the daily risk of shedding ESC-R E. coli by calves fed only contaminated waste milk was predicted to be 2.9 × 10?3 (2.1 × 10?3, 3.7 × 10?3), representing a median daily risk of 29 out of 10,000 calves shedding ESC-R E. coli due to exclusive feeding of waste milk containing ESC-R E. coli. This median value was reduced by 94% when accounting for the proportion of waste milk that does not contain ESC-R E. coli. The overall risk of shedding ESC-R E. coli through the pre-weaning period for farms that feed waste milk to calves was 5.7 × 10?3 (2.4 × 10?3, 1.1 × 10?2), representing 57 out of 10,000 calves. When accounting for the proportion of farms that do not feed waste milk, the pre-weaning period risk was reduced by 23%. By varying the prevalence of ESC-R E. coli in waste milk using values of 3, 1.5, and 1%, the daily risk of shedding decreased by factors of 50, 65, and 82%, respectively, which supports the reduction of contamination or discontinuation of feeding waste milk containing ESC-R E. coli as major mitigation measures to reduce the risk of shedding caused by ingestion of resistant bacteria. It is anticipated that the effects of antimicrobial residues in waste milk, which was not considered herein due to lack of data, would further increase risks. Although waste milk feeding to calves may be economically beneficial to the dairy farmers, there exists the risk of dissemination of ESC-resistant bacteria into the environment. 相似文献
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食品化学物风险评估中一些重要参数的选择和使用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
食品安全风险评估是我国制定、修订食品安全标准、实施食品安全监督管理的科学依据,评估结果的准确性和可靠性将直接影响食品安全监管决策的科学性。评估方法、统计学参数、模型构建和健康指导值是影响评估结果的几个重要因素,而对这些因素的选择和使用往往存在模糊认识和误区。本文主要针对食品中化学物的风险评估,对上述几个参数的选择和使用进行探讨。 相似文献
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Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of peroxyacetic acid (PAA), malic acid (MA), octanoic acid (OA), and potassium lactate (KL) followed by mixing with trisodium phosphate (TSP) and an ultra‐chilled CO2 snow shower on microbial counts of Escherichia coli (EC), coliform (CF), aerobic plate count (APC), and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) on inoculated beef trimmings and the instrumental color attributes of the resultant ground beef. Beef trimmings inoculated with EC and ST were treated with either 0.02% PAA; 2% MA; 0.04% OA; or 2% KL, followed by mixing with 10% TSP and rapid chilling with CO2 snow shower. Treated trimmings were then ground, packaged, displayed under simulated retail conditions, and sampled on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 for microbial counts and instrumental color characteristics. PAA, MA, OA, and KL reduced (P < 0.05) the microbial counts of EC, CF, APC, and ST during display. Among treatments, OA was most effective on EC, CF, ST, and APC during retail display. Chilling beef trimmings with CO2 improved instrumental color characteristics of the produced ground beef but made little difference in reducing microbial counts during display. During retail display, ground beef produced from beef trimmings treated with antimicrobials tended to maintain redness, myoglobin redox form stability (630 nm/580 nm), and overall instrumental color characteristics. Practical Application: This research provides a practical and cost‐effective decontamination technology for beef processors that can be immediately implemented in the ground beef production chain. Using antimicrobial intervention coupled with rapid chilling could benefit the meat industry by preserving the quality attributes of ground beef during retail display under aerobic packaging environment. 相似文献
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卢江 《中国食品卫生杂志》2019,31(4):307-312
在中华人民共和国成立70周年之际,本文全面回顾了我国食品安全风险评估体系建设进程及成效,并从落实习近平总书记\"四个最严\"要求和《中共中央国务院关于深化改革加强食品安全工作的意见》的高度,结合主题教育关于守初心、担使命、找差距、抓落实的要求,在深入调研、广泛征求意见基础上,对食品安全风险评估体系存在的问题进行了认真剖析,提出下一步的发展对策,为科学建设我国食品安全风险评估体系、充分发挥食品安全风险评估技术权威作用以及有效支撑和保障我国食品安全提供参考。 相似文献