运动人体轮廓检测算法的分析与改进

在视频序列的人体运动分析中,实时分割出运动的人体,是研究的关键步骤。为了克服不均匀光照、前景运动缓慢、背景中存在摇摆的树叶等因素对检测带来的影响,提出了一种背景减除法与帧间差分相结合的运动目标检测方法。该方法首先通过基于帧差法的背景模型建立方法建立背景图像,再结合背景减除与带有权值的帧间差分检测运动目标,降低目标物体对速度和环境干扰的敏感性。最后通过形态学梯度运算操作消除外界噪声的影响。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法计算简单,对环境适应能力较强,是一种有效的运动人体检测方法。     

基于鲁棒主成分分析的运动目标检测优化算法

针对鲁棒主成分分析(Robust Principal Component Analysis, RPCA)算法中将动态背景误检为运动目标的问题,该文提出一种运动目标检测优化算法。在RPCA算法初步检测出运动目标后,利用动态背景在时间域上满足高斯分布的特性,以及动态背景和运动目标在整个视频流上检出点均值和方差的差异特性,进一步将动态背景和运动目标分离开来。实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效地处理动态背景的问题,并在一定程度上完整检测出运动目标。     

基于五帧差分和模板匹配的运动目标检测识别

针对帧差法和背景差分法检测运动目标准确率低,自适应能力弱等缺陷,提出了一种改进五帧差分法与背景差分法和模板匹配相结合的运动目标检测和识别算法;通过改进的五帧差分和背景差分法融合的算法从视频图像序列中检测出运动目标;利用形态学方法去除噪声,改善运动目标提取效果;在Harris算法提取图像匹配特征值的基础上角点配准,提高图像识别的准确率,通过提取目标特征与自适应模板图像进行特征匹配的方法实现了目标检测识别和跟踪。仿真结果和实验表明该方法有噪声和部分遮挡的运动目标有良好的检测识别效果,识别率达到了95%。     

基于二维频域投影的弱小运动目标检测方法

针对光学成像弱小运动目标难以准确快速检测问题,提出了基于图像序列行列最大投影的二维频域运动小目标检测算法。首先,为了减少计算复杂度和使目标背景分离,将经过背景全局运动补偿后的视频向二维频域投影并去除频率为零的成分,从而获得含弱小运动目标和噪声的图像序列;其次,通过行列序列最大投影,得到信噪比提高的含弱小运动目标的行列图像;然后,通过主运动滤波和图像重构,检测到滤除配准误差和噪声的弱小运动目标;最后,针对强噪声干扰下的弱小运动目标检测问题进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明,所提算法不仅可有效的检测出弱小运动目标,而且相对单一的行列分解图像在二维频域内有更高的检测信噪比。     

一种解决波动式干扰影响的序列图像运动目标检测方法

为解决复杂环境下的诸如枝叶摇摆、摄像机抖动等波动式干扰对运动目标检测的影响问题,该文提出基于视频窗口切分与分类的序列图像运动目标检测算法。首先将序列图像切分为rc大小的视频窗口,然后提取窗口内区域图像累积帧间差矩阵的简单统计特征,针对每一帧序列图像,将视频窗口进行分类,把它们划分为运动目标窗口和非运动目标窗口(包括静止背景窗口和波动式干扰窗口),最后将运动目标窗口合并为运动目标。该方法的优点是无需已知背景模型和运动目标大小、形状等任何先验信息。实验表明该算法能在摄像机抖动以及枝叶干扰等复杂环境下快速有效的检测出运动目标。     

融合颜色信息与深度信息的运动目标检测方法

基于颜色信息的运动目标检测易受光照、阴影等影响,基于深度信息的运动目标检测存在目标边缘噪声大,无法检测距离背景较近的目标等问题。针对上述问题,该文利用CCD相机获取的颜色信息及TOF相机获取的深度信息分别为每个像素建立颜色与深度信息的分类器,根据像素点的深度特征及前一帧的检测结果,自适应地为每个分类器的输出分配不同的权值,实现运动目标的检测。该文采集多组视频序列进行实验,实验结果表明该方法能有效解决单独利用颜色或深度信息进行运动目标检测时出现的问题。     

An automatic segmentation method for moving objects based on the spatial-temporal information of video

The new MPEG-4 video coding standard enables content-based functions. In order to support the new standard, frames should be decomposed into Video Object Planes （VOP）, each VOP representing a moving object. This paper proposes an image segmentation method to separate moving objects from image sequences. The proposed method utilizes the spatial-temporal information. Spatial segmentation is applied to divide each image into connected areas and to find pre~：ise object boundaries of moving objects. To locate moving objects in image sequences, two consecutive image frames in the temporal direction are examined and a hypothesis testing is performed with Neyman-Pearson criterion. Spatial segmentation produces a spatial segmentation mask, and temporal segmentation yields a change detection mask that indicates moving objects and the background. Then spatial-temporal merging can be used to get the final results. This method has been tested on several images. Experimental results show that this segmentation method is efficient.     

动态背景下融合运动线索和颜色信息的视频目标分割算法

针对现有动态背景下目标分割算法存在的局限性,提出了一种融合运动线索和颜色信息的视频序列目标分割算法。首先,设计了一种新的运动轨迹分类方法,利用背景运动的低秩特性,结合累积确认的策略,可以获得准确的运动轨迹分类结果;然后,通过过分割算法获取视频序列的超像素集合,并计算超像素之间颜色信息的相似度;最后,以超像素为节点建立马尔可夫随机场模型,将运动轨迹分类信息以及超像素之间颜色信息统一建模在马尔可夫随机场的能量函数中,并通过能量函数最小化获得每个超像素的最优分类。在多组公开发布的视频序列中进行测试与对比,结果表明,本文方法可以准确分割出动态背景下的运动目标,并且较传统方法具有更高的分割准确率。     

Active contours for video object tracking using region, boundary and shape information

In this paper, we propose a robust model for tracking in video sequences with non-static backgrounds. The object boundaries are tracked on each frame of the sequence by minimizing an energy functional that combines region, boundary and shape information. The region information is formulated by minimizing the symmetric Kullback–Leibler (KL) distance between the local and global statistics of the objects versus the background. The boundary information is formulated using a color and texture edge map of the video frames. The shape information is calculated adaptively to the dynamic of the moving objects and permits tracking that is robust to background distractions and occlusions. Minimization of the energy functional is implemented using the level set method. We show the effectiveness of the approach for object tracking in color, infrared (IR), and fused color-infrared sequences.     

基于背景重构的运动对象越界侦测方法

提出了一种基于背景重构的运动对象越界侦测方法,该算法利用当前视频图像和背景视频图像,通过差分法获取运动对象模型和背景差值,再利用运动对象模型的连续性绘制运动对象轨迹,对轨迹和警戒线交叉方程进行越界侦测。同时,利用当前视频图像融合背景图像生成新的背景图像,能有效保证识别算法的自适应性,提高侦测结果的准确性。     

Moving object detection and tracking from video captured by moving camera

This paper presents an effective method for the detection and tracking of multiple moving objects from a video sequence captured by a moving camera without additional sensors. Moving object detection is relatively difficult for video captured by a moving camera, since camera motion and object motion are mixed. In the proposed method, the feature points in the frames are found and then classified as belonging to foreground or background features. Next, moving object regions are obtained using an integration scheme based on foreground feature points and foreground regions, which are obtained using an image difference scheme. Then, a compensation scheme based on the motion history of the continuous motion contours obtained from three consecutive frames is applied to increase the regions of moving objects. Moving objects are detected using a refinement scheme and a minimum bounding box. Finally, moving object tracking is achieved using a Kalman filter based on the center of gravity of a moving object region in the minimum bounding box. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good performance.     

基于连通性检测的视频监控运动目标提取

针对背景相对静止、主要检测对象为行人的视频监控序列,提出了一种基于连通性检测的目标提取算法,它把形态学滤波与连通性检测相结合,对分割后的二值化图像进行噪声干扰去除,在获得若干连通区域后,利用面积、外界矩形及其特征对连通区域进行识别,通过区域重心标注目标在各帧位置,实现目标提取.实验结果表明,该算法简单可靠,具有实时性,易于硬件实现,可应用于实际系统.     

光照突变补偿在视频序列运动目标检测中的应用

针对光照突变情况下视频序列运动目标检测精度低 、误检多等问题,提出一种结合光照补偿的检测算 法。算法利用色差不变量提取稳定的背景区域,并结合历史前景信息判定光照突变程度。采 用对角模型补 偿光照突变的图像序列,对全局与局部光照突变分别运用区间估计与码本聚类方法计算补偿 参数,最后利用 背景减除法实现运动目标的检测。与典型算法进行对比的实验结果表明,本文算法具备较高 的检测精度与稳定性,适用于动态场景中的运动目标检测。     

室内夜间微弱光源下运动目标检测和阴影去除

提出一种新的室内夜间微弱光源照明情况下的运动目标检测方法。首先进行背景建模, 获取稳固的背景图像, 之后对背景和当前帧图像进行图像增强处理, 提高其清晰度; 采用相对背景减法检测前景运动目标, 并对差分图像进行去噪和修补; 利用前景目标区域、阴影区域和背景区域像素亮度值存在差异的特点, 检测和去除背景差分图像中可能存在的阴影, 获得准确的运动目标。在室内夜间环境下采集视频进行试验, 结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Model-based temporal object verification using video

An approach to model-based dynamic object verification and identification using video is proposed. From image sequences containing the moving object, we compute its motion trajectory. Then we estimate its three-dimensional (3-D) pose at each time step. Pose estimation is formulated as a search problem, with the search space constrained by the motion trajectory information of the moving object and assumptions about the scene structure. A generalized Hausdorff (1962) metric, which is more robust to noise and allows a confidence interpretation, is suggested for the matching procedure used for pose estimation as well as the identification and verification problem. The pose evolution curves are used to assist in the acceptance or rejection of an object hypothesis. The models are acquired from real image sequences of the objects. Edge maps are extracted and used for matching. Results are presented for both infrared and optical sequences containing moving objects involved in complex motions     

运动视频对象的时空联合检测技术

提出了一种具有全局运动的视频运动对象时空联合检测算法。针对传统时间分割使用主观固定阈值的缺点,采用了对差分图像进行噪声参数自适应学习的算法获取自动阈值,并利用形态学运算获取修正的时间分割模板;考虑传统分水岭空间分割的不足,提出了基于人眼视觉特征的改进分水岭算法,包括基于形态重建滤波的图像降噪、形态梯度变换以及基于韦伯感知原理的视同灰度非线性变换,有效地解决了过分割问题;对时、空间分割结果进行信息融合处理,从而得到完整的运动对象。仿真实验结果表明,本文算法可以快速准确地分割视频运动对象。     

Time efficient ghost removal for motion detection in visual surveillance systems

Segmentation of foreground objects is an important and essential task for many systems that aim to carry out motion tracking, object classification, event detection and is used in applications such as traffic monitoring and analysis, access control to special areas, human and vehicle identification and the detection of anomalous behaviour. The most common approach for detecting moving objects is background subtraction, in which each frame of a video sequence is compared against a background model. A large number of background subtraction algorithms have been proposed [1], but problems remain for moving object identification under certain conditions. One of the toughest problems in background subtraction is caused by the detection of false objects when an object that belongs to the background (e.g. after staying stationary for some time) starts to move away. This generates what are called `ghosts?. It is important to address the problem because ghost objects will adversely affect many tasks such as object classification, tracking and event analysis (e.g. abandoned item detection). This Letter focuses on the problem of ghost identification and elimination. We used a state-of-the-art industrial tracker which includes basic background subtraction and object tracking. Then we included our ghost detection algorithm into the basic tracker to identify and eliminate ghosts. Finally, we systematically evaluated and compared performance on urban traffic video sequences.     

用于视频对象平面生成的运动对象自动分割

新的视频编码标准MPEG-4具有基于内容的功能。它把图像序列分解成视频对象平面(VOP),每个VOP代表一个运动对象。文中提出了一种提取运动对象的新的视频序列分割算法,算法的核心是一个对象跟踪器,它利用Hausdorff距离将对象的二维二值模型与后续帧进行匹配,然后采用一种新的基于运动相连成分的模型刷新方法对模型的每一帧进行刷新。初始的模型自动产生,再利用滤波技术滤除静止背景,最后,利用二值模型从序列中提取出VOP。     

基于背景差分的一种运动目标检测方法

针对运动目标检测中,传统背景差分法在运动目标和背景颜色相近时不易检测的缺点,提出了一种检测完整运动目标的方法。该方法对YUV彩色空间下的3个通道分别选取独立的阈值进行初次检测,最大化地利用了视频中图像的色彩信息。在包含初次检测所获运动目标的最小矩形区域内进行二次检测,有效地提高了检测精度。实验证明,相比于常规方法,该方法的检测结果更加清晰完整。     

运动目标检测和目标区域的估算

采用三帧差分法检测静止背景下视频序列中的运动目标,得到运动目标的二值图像。并利用矩方法对运动目标的几何特征进行了研究,在此基础上提出了一种运动目标的质心和最小外接矩形的估算算法,并对该算法进行了改进,使之适合噪声干扰比较大的情况。该算法可实现运动目标进行快速准确定位和区域估算,实验表明该算法的时间复杂度和空间复杂度低,效果良好,且具有很好的鲁棒性。