2012—2021年江西省食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2012—2021年江西省食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法 收集江西省2012—2021年食源性疾病暴发监测系统中报告的食源性疾病暴发事件资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果 2012—2021年江西省共报告食源性疾病暴发事件1 285起,累计发病7 222人,死亡48人,病死率为0.66%（48/7 222）,各年度的病死率比较差异有统计学意义（P≤0.001）。10年间暴发事件数呈总体上升趋势,事件集中发生在5—9月份。在查明原因的768起暴发事件中,毒蘑菇引起的事件数和死亡人数最多,分别占50.78%（390/768）和93.75%（45/48）;微生物性因素引起的发病人数最多,占49.41%（2 266/4 586）,主要致病菌为沙门菌和副溶血性弧菌。家庭和餐饮服务场所是事件的主要发生场所,其中家庭发生的事件数和死亡人数最多,分别占64.75%（832/285）和95.83%（46/48）,主要致病因子为毒蘑菇;餐饮服务场所的发病人数最多,占51.77%（3 739/7 222）,主要致病因子为微生物性因素。结论 家庭是毒蘑菇死亡事件发生的主要场所;微生物性致病因子是餐饮服务场所和学校的主要致病因素。建议重点针对广大农村家庭开展食用野生蘑菇的危害性宣传,同时加大重点场所食品安全监督管理和健康教育力度,减少食源性疾病及死亡病例的发生。     

2011—2020年中国食源性疾病流行病学分析

目的 分析2011—2020年全国食源性疾病事件发生规律，为制定预防措施提供依据。方法 对2011—2020年全国食源性疾病暴发事件数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2011—2020年食源性疾病暴发事件34 558起，发病人数259 481人；事件高发于6~9月（60.82%）。致病因素以有毒动植物及蘑菇中毒（43.56%）、不明原因（35.49%）和微生物（16.42%）为主，其中菌类及其制品导致的事件数占比（18.33%）与死亡人数占比（52.69%）最高。暴露场所主要在餐饮服务单位（49.31%）和家庭（46.68%），且暴发于家庭的年均增长率最高（33.66%）。结论 近10年我国食源性疾病主要致病因素是有毒动植物及毒蘑菇，集中于菌类及其制品；事件高发于6~9月，暴露场所以餐饮服务单位和家庭为主，且倾向于家庭。     

2012—2017年江西省毒蘑菇中毒事件流行病学分析

目的 分析2012—2017年江西省毒蘑菇中毒事件流行病学特征,为制定预防毒蘑菇中毒措施提供依据。方法 通过“国家食源性疾病事件报告系统”查询2012—2017年江西省上报的毒蘑菇中毒事件,并进行描述性分析。结果 2012—2017年江西省共报告野生毒蘑菇中毒事件起数120起,发病人数463人,死亡人数19人,病死率为4.1%;事件起数最多的是2015年,占事件总起数的33.3%(40/120);中毒事件主要发生在5～8月份;九江市、鹰潭市、吉安市和抚州市是毒蘑菇中毒的高发地区;家庭是毒蘑菇中毒的主要发生场所,家庭毒蘑菇中毒事件占中毒事件总起数的92.5%(111/120);农村毒蘑菇中毒事件发生率高于城市;误采误食是毒蘑菇中毒的主要原因。中毒类别主要以灰花纹鹅膏菌和铅绿褶菇为主。结论 毒蘑菇中毒是造成江西省食源性疾病死亡的主要原因。     

2015—2021年泰安市食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征分析

目的 分析泰安市2015—2021年食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征，为提出相应预防措施提供理论依据。方法 收集2015—2021年泰安市通过“国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统”上报的食源性疾病暴发事件，并进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2015—2021年共报告食源性疾病暴发事件375起，发病1 943人，住院279人，无死亡，发病人数在30人以下的事件365起（97.33%）。第二、三季度是食源性疾病暴发事件的高发季节，事件数共298起，占79.47%。发生在餐饮服务场所的事件数和发病人数最多，分别占53.33%（200/375）和69.58%（1 352/1 943），其次为家庭，事件数和发病人数分别占41.07%（154/375）和21.62%（420/1 943）。致病因子不明的事件数最多，占89.87%（337/375）。已查明致病因子的事件中，微生物性和化学性一样多，均占39.47%（15/38）；化学性事件中，8起因家庭自种韭菜中的农药残留引起，6起为餐饮服务场所的亚硝酸盐中毒。结论 应强化对餐饮服务场所的监管和从业人员食品卫生基础知识的培训，同时，加强家庭食品安全知识的宣传力度，对家庭自种韭菜中农药使用进行技术指导。提升流行病学调查和实验室检验能力，提高病因的查明率。     

2012—2020年江西省家庭食源性疾病暴发事件分析

目的 分析江西省家庭食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征,为预防和有效控制家庭食源性疾病提供参考依据。方法 收集江西省2012—2020年食源性疾病暴发监测系统中报告的家庭食源性疾病暴发事件资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2012—2020年江西省共报告家庭食源性疾病暴发事件715起,累计发病2 608人,死亡35人,病死率为1.3%（35/2 608）。9年间暴发事件数整体呈上升趋势,事件集中发生在5~10月份。从致病因素和原因食品分析,野生蘑菇引起的事件数、发病人数和死亡人数最多,分别占总数的45.0%（322/715）、39.5%（1 029/2 608）和94.2%（33/35）,其次是微生物致病因素。从区域分析,家庭食源性疾病暴发事件主要发生在农村,报告的事件数、发病人数和死亡人数分别占总数的73.1%（527/715）、75.4%（1 966/2 608）和100.0%（35/35）。结论 江西省食源性疾病高发季节,应重点针对广大农村家庭开展食用野生蘑菇的危害性宣传,普及微生物性食源性疾病知识,减少家庭食源性疾病的发生,降低死亡率。     

2016—2020年湖北省毒蘑菇中毒流行特征分析

目的 分析2016—2020年湖北省毒蘑菇中毒流行特征,为预警防控提供科学依据。方法 运用描述流行病学方法,对2016—2020年食源性疾病暴发监测系统报告的湖北省毒蘑菇中毒事件的流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2016—2020年湖北省共计报告毒蘑菇中毒事件163起,发病487人,死亡17人,病死率为3.49%(17/487)。事件数最多的是2020年,占总事件数的34.36%(56/163);毒蘑菇中毒主要发生在6-10月份;恩施州和宜昌市是毒蘑菇中毒的高发地区;家庭是毒蘑菇中毒主要发生场所,占事件总数的93.87%(153/163);农村毒蘑菇中毒事件远高于城市;误采误食是毒蘑菇中毒的原因。结论 毒蘑菇中毒是湖北省食物中毒死亡的主要原因,应在高发季节对重点区域、人群开展针对性宣传教育,教育群众不采不食野生蘑菇。     

2018—2022年保山市食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征分析

目的：探讨保山市2018—2022年食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征,为制定全市食源性疾病预防和控制措施提供依据。方法：对2018—2022年保山市食源性疾病暴发事件进行描述性分析及统计学分析。结果：2018—2022年共报告食源性疾病暴发事件259起,发病1 362人,死亡8人,罹患率13.98%。食源性疾病暴发事件以6—8月为发病高峰,共报告167起（64.48%）。毒蘑菇中毒报告起数和死亡人数占总数的47.88%和75.00%。家庭、餐馆、学校和农村宴席是食源性疾病暴发事件的主要场所,家庭报告190起（73.36%）,死亡8人（100%）;农村宴席平均每起事件发病人数高于其他场所。食用毒蘑菇（99起）和有毒动植物（44起）是致病的主要原因。微生物因素引起的发病人数（453例）居首。结论：2018—2022年保山市食源性疾病暴发事件主要发生在夏季,家庭为主要暴发场所,毒蘑菇中毒是致死率最高的致病因素。应加强卫生监管,有针对性地开展预防野生菌及微生物食物中毒健康教育,采取适当的干预措施可有效降低发病数和死亡数,降低食源性疾病的负担。     

2011—2020年湖北省家庭食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学分析

目的 为预防和控制湖北省家庭食源性疾病暴发事件提供科学决策与依据。方法 收集国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统中2011—2020年湖北省家庭食源性疾病暴发事件相关数据,对发病时间、地区、原因食品、致病因子、引发原因等流行特征进行分析。结果 2011—2020年湖北省食源性疾病暴发事件共报告506起,累计发病数4 503例,死亡46例,其中报告发生在家庭的264起,占总事件数的52.17%;病例997例,占总病例数22.14%;死亡44例,病死率为4.41%。7月是事件暴发的高发月份,报告事件数98起,占总事件数的37.12%(98/264)。在家庭发生事件的主要致病因子是毒蘑菇（178起,67.42%）,其次是不明原因（37起,14.02%）,化学污染物（22起,8.33%）,三者占总报告事件数的89.77%,占总死亡例数的88.64%(39/44)。结论 2011—2020年湖北省在家庭发生的食源性疾病暴发事件主要致病因子为毒蘑菇,主要引发原因是误食误用,对大众的预防食源性疾病（特别是预防毒蘑菇）宣传教育仍需进一步加强。     

2015—2019年江西省细菌性食源性疾病暴发事件分析

目的 分析江西省2015—2019年细菌性食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学特征,为预防和有效控制细菌性食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法 收集江西省2015—2019年食源性疾病暴发监测系统中报告的细菌性食源性疾病暴发事件资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2015—2019年江西省共报告细菌性食源性疾病暴发事件161起,累计发病1 682人,住院794人,年均报告发病率为0.73/10万,事件集中发生在5~10月。沙门菌及副溶血性弧菌是细菌性食源性疾病的主要致病菌,导致的暴发事件数和发病人数最多,分别占总数的45.4%（73/161）和56.4%（949/1 682）,肉与肉制品是主要的原因食品。家庭、宾馆饭店、农村宴席、学校食堂、单位食堂是事件发生的主要场所,食品加工、储存不当、原料（辅料）污染或变质是事件的主要引发因素。结论 细菌性食源性疾病仍是江西省主要的公共卫生问题,高发季节应针对重点食品、重点场所和相关人群加强监管或教育培训,增强家庭食品安全意识,减少细菌性食源性疾病的发生。     

2010—2016年浙江省毒蘑菇中毒流行病学分析

目的 了解浙江省毒蘑菇中毒发生规律和流行病学特征,为毒蘑菇中毒的预警及预防控制提供科学依据。方法 对2010—2016年食源性疾病暴发监测系统报告的浙江省毒蘑菇中毒事件的流行病学特征进行描述性分析。结果 7年内共报告毒蘑菇中毒暴发事件42起,累计中毒病例192例,死亡13例,死亡例数占浙江省同期食源性疾病暴发总死亡例数的76.5%(13/17)。事件起数最多的是2016年,占总数的40.5%(17/42)。6～10月是毒蘑菇中毒的高发期,中毒事件起数、发病例数分别占95.2%(40/42)和97.9%(188/192)。死亡例数均集中在6～8月。家庭是毒蘑菇中毒的主要发生场所, 占总事件起数的83.3%(35/42)。事件起数在前3位的地市是杭州市、金华市、绍兴市,事件起数在前3位的县(市、区)是宁海县、桐庐县、嵊州市。病例症状以胃肠炎型为主,占总发病例数的72.4%(139/192)。发病潜伏期最短为18 min,最长为15 h,中位数为2 h。从两起严重脏器损害型事件的毒蘑菇中检测出鹅膏多肽。结论 毒蘑菇中毒是浙江省造成食源性疾病死亡的主要原因,应对高发季节、高发地区及高发人群进行重点监测和干预, 提高公众的自我保护能力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press