T92/Super304H异种钢焊接接头的组织结构和力学性能

采用钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)技术,采用ERNiCr-3和ERNiCrMo-3两种镍基焊丝实施T92/Super304H异种钢焊接,并对接头的显微组织结构及力学性能进行测试分析。结果表明:T92侧热影响区(HAZ)中粗晶区析出大量的第二相颗粒,细晶区则为细小的索氏体组织;Super304H侧HAZ奥氏体晶粒长大,晶界析出明显;ERNiCr-3焊接的焊缝组织呈胞状结构,晶粒粗大;ERNiCrMo-3焊接的焊缝组织呈柱状晶组织特征。ERNiCrMo-3焊接的接头强度、塑性及硬度较大,拉伸断裂位于Super304H母材;而ERNiCr-3焊接的接头强度、硬度较低,但冲击韧性较高,拉伸断裂位于焊缝。     

T92/HR3C异种钢焊接接头的组织结构和力学性能

采用ERNiCr-3和ERNICrMo-3两种镍基焊丝,用气体保护钨极电弧焊(GTAW)法实现T92/HR3C异种钢管焊接.研究了接头的显微组织及其力学性能,以及焊后热处理对接头组织结构及力学性能的影响等.结果表明:T92/HR3C异种钢接头焊缝为胞状树枝晶组织,T92侧热影响区(HAZ)主要由过热区、粗晶区及细晶区构成;HR3C侧HAZ没有明显晶粒长大的现象,但晶界、晶内有碳、氮化物析出.ERNiCrM0-3焊接接头的强度、塑性及硬度较高,拉伸断裂位于母材;而ERNiCr-3焊接接头强度、硬度较低,但冲击韧性较高,拉伸断裂位于焊缝.760℃、30 min焊后热处理,有助于改善两种焊接接头的综合力学性能.     

T92和S30432马氏体/奥氏体异种钢焊接接头硬度研究

为了研究焊接工艺参数变化对异种钢焊接接头性能的影响,文中分别制备了不同热输入、焊接方法、焊接层数、焊丝类型、坡口角度、层间温度及热处理温度的T92/S30432异种钢焊接接头,分析了焊接工艺参数变化对异种钢焊接接头硬度的影响规律。研究发现：T92和S30432异种钢焊接接头的硬度在T92钢侧热影响区最高,S30432钢侧热影响区次之,焊缝硬度最低;热输入和热处理对两侧热影响区硬度产生相反的影响,自动钨极氩弧焊能升高热影响区硬度同时降低焊缝硬度;采用45°坡口角度降低了热影响区硬度;层间温度和焊接层数对接头硬度影响较小。     

T92钢焊接接头的组织与性能研究

通过拉伸试验、硬度试验、冲击试验和断口扫描与组织观察,研究了T92钢焊接接头的组织和性能.结果表明,接头的强度高于母材,焊缝金属的硬度高、韧性低,接头的组织特征决定了冲击试样的断裂形态,粗大的奥氏体柱状晶是导致焊缝韧性显著降低的主要因素.因此,改善焊缝金属的结晶条件,有利于提高焊缝金属的韧性.     

T91/TP347H异种钢焊接接头服役微观组织转变

异种钢焊接接头在超超临界电站锅炉结构中应用广泛.采用XRD,SEM及EDS及显微硬度对原始态和服役1×105 h的T91/TP347H异种钢焊接接头的相组成、显微组织形貌和元素组成进行了表征分析,并采用显微硬度计对2种接头的显微硬度进行了测试.结果 表明,相较于原始态,服役1×105 h的接头TP347H母材晶粒更为粗...     

T92/Super304H异种钢焊接接头组织分析

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针和X-射线衍射等方法研究了T92/Super304H异种钢焊接接头的微观组织.结果表明,焊缝金属的基体组织为奥氏体胞状树枝晶,组织中有析出相分布,其主要为M23C6和NbC;Super304H钢侧热影响区的组织亦为奥氏体+析出相,但析出相的种类为NbC、富Cu相和M23C6;而T92钢侧热影响区组织则为回火马氏体+析出相,析出相主要为M23C6,在熔合区两侧没出现明显的增碳脱碳层.     

P92钢焊接接头显微组织与性能的研究

采用合适的焊接工艺对P92钢进行焊接,利用硬度计、金相显微镜和万能拉伸试验机对其焊接接头的硬度、微观组织和常温拉伸力学性能进行分析。结果表明:P92钢焊接后焊缝区组织为铁素体+马氏体+碳化物,热影响区组织为马氏体或铁素体+马氏体,母材区为索氏体+碳化物,且在其焊缝处发现存在δ相;焊接接头部位,焊缝区的硬度最高,热影响区的次之,母材区的硬度最低;焊接接头抗拉强度为707 MPa,屈服强度为579 MPa,断裂部位在热影响区。     

T92钢焊接接头的组织和韧性研究

通过硬度试验、冲击试验、断口扫描和金相组织脱察,研究了T92钢焊接接头的韧性与组织的关系.结果表明,焊缝的硬度值高,冲击功值低,其断口形貌与焊接热影响区的有显著差异,而焊缝金属组织中粗大的马氏体板条及板条束是导致焊缝韧性明显低于HAZ的主要因素之一.     

650 ℃时效SP2215奥氏体耐热钢管的微观组织和力学性能

通过OM、SEM、TEM和显微硬度、室温冲击以及高温拉伸试验,研究了650 ℃时效不同时间后SP2215奥氏体耐热钢管的微观组织、力学性能及断裂机理。结果表明,固溶态SP2215钢微观组织由奥氏体,少量孪晶及未溶NbN和Z相组成;650 ℃时效时Cr23C6优先在奥氏体晶界析出,且随时效时间延长逐渐增多、粗化并形成连续网状;球形富Cu相在奥氏体晶内析出且尺寸稳定,时效2012 h约为15 nm;SP2215钢晶内室温显微硬度在时效50 h时基本达到最大值,之后趋于稳定,这与稳定富Cu相的析出强化作用有关;SP2215钢具有明显的高温时效脆化倾向,时效2012 h室温冲击吸收功较固溶态降低约78.5%,室温冲击断裂随时效时间延长由韧性断裂向沿晶脆性断裂转变,这是由Cr23C6在奥氏体晶界析出并逐渐聚集、粗化导致的。SP2215钢在650 ℃,2.5×10-4 s-1应变速率下拉伸时出现锯齿流变（Portevin-Le Chatelier, PLC）现象,锯齿类型为Type(A+B),随时效时间延长PLC逐渐“减弱”,但锯齿类型不变;随时效时间延长SP2215钢高温拉伸屈服强度基本保持稳定,抗拉强度和断面收缩率逐渐降低,高温拉伸断裂由韧性断裂向准解理脆性断裂转变。     

超超临界机组用T92/HR3C异种钢焊接接头性能研究

采用HIG-370镍基焊丝,利用手工钨极氩弧焊方法焊制T92/HR3C异种钢焊接接头,并对接头进行拉伸、弯曲、冲击和硬度试验.结果表明,采用HIG-370镍基焊丝作为填充金属,根据制定的焊接工艺进行焊接,获得了强度、塑韧性良好的T92/HR3C异种钢接头,说明所制定的焊接工艺是适宜的.     

Influence of Pin Offset on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Mg/Ti Dissimilar Alloys

The influences of pin offset on the formation, microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded joint of Ti6 Al4 V and AZ31 B Mg dissimilar alloys were investigated. The results show that sound joints are obtained at different offsets. With the offset decreasing from 2.5 to 2.1 mm, the number of Ti alloy fragments is increased, and the stir zone(SZ) is enlarged and the grains in SZ become coarser. A hook-like structure is formed at the Mg/Ti interface and its length is increased with the decrease in pin offset. The Al element has an enrichment trend at the Ti alloy side near the Mg/Ti interface when the offset is decreased, which is beneficial to the bonding of the interface. An Al-rich layer with a thickness of 3–5μm forms at the offset of 2.1 mm. All the joints fracture at the interface and present a mixed ductile-and-brittle fracture mode. The joint tensile strength is increased with the offset decreasing from 2.5 to 2.1 mm, and the maximum tensile strength of 175 MPa is acquired at the offset of 2.1 mm.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior in Dissimilar SAF 2205/API X52 Welded Pipes

The welding of a duplex stainless steel SAF 2205 DSS(UNS 31803) and high strength low alloy steel API X52 by shielded metal arc welding process was conducted using two different filler metals,the duplex E2209 and austenitic E309 grade.The microstructures of the dissimilar metal joints have been investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction.EDS analysis at the interface X52 weld metal showed an evident gradient variation of Cr and Ni between boundaries of fusion and type II,where the highest hardness value was recorded.Tensile strength and toughness values of the weld metal produced by E309 electrode are slightly higher than those of the weld metal produced by E2209 electrode.Potentiodynamic polarization tests of different regions of the welded joints evaluated in 3.5%NaCl solution exhibit a high corrosion resistance of both weld metals.     

异种奥氏体钢焊接接头显微组织结构分析

研究了高锰奥氏体钢焊接接头性能和显微组织结构,在熔合线上不同合金元素成线性过渡,其显微组织与母材和焊缝组织相同,均为奥氏体加铁素体,显微硬度分析也证实了这点。说明用Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ奥氏体钢焊接材料焊接高锰奥氏体钢,可获得性能优良的焊接接头。     

Deformation Characterization,Twinning Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction-Stir-Welded AM60/AZ31 Alloys Joint During the Three-Point Bending

The AZ31 and AM60 alloys were used for dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) in this study. The microstructure characteristics of the joint and its three-point bending performance were investigated. The electron backscattered diffraction results showed that the grains in the nugget zone (NZ) were more uniform and refined to a certain extent after FSW, but the grain size of AM60 in the NZ was larger than that of AZ31. The texture was strong locally in the NZ and presented a symmetric distribution characteristic from the advancing side to the retreating side. There were special texture features in the joint, resulting in the occurrence of severe strain localization during the bending process compared with the base materials, which can be well explained by the calculated Schmid factor in terms of the assumed stress state for bending. The bending tests revealed that the joint presented good bending properties compared with AZ31 BM. The bending fracture morphologies suggested that the fracture tended to the NZ interface on the AZ31 side, which was mainly due to the higher SF for basal slip and dislocation concentration degree in the region, and the relatively lower bending strength of AZ31 metal.     

15CrMoR钢焊接接头的组织和力学性能

对15CrMoR钢,采用R307焊条、焊前预热、焊后高温回火的手工电弧双面焊焊接工艺,可获得性能良好的焊接接头,接头的各项力学性能完全满足使用要求.     

6082铝合金MIG焊焊接接头组织与力学性能研究

通过拉伸、弯曲、硬度试验以及金相分析等对6082铝合金MIG焊接头的力学性能与显微组织进行了研究。结果表明:采用5087焊丝焊接6082铝合金时,具有较好的抗拉性能,板厚8和4mm的焊接接头焊态的抗拉强度分别为母材的77.8%和73%;弯曲断裂集中在熔合线处,弯曲角度均较小;6082铝合金MIG焊接头焊缝中心组织为等轴晶,靠熔合线的焊缝晶粒沿散热方向呈柱状晶,熔合区晶粒粗大;软化区出现过时效效应,使Mg2Si长大,成为接头最薄弱的区域。     

6005A铝合金型材焊接接头组织与性能

采用国产6005A铝合金进行焊接试验,并对焊接接头进行了力学性能检测及金相显微组织观察。结果表明,6005A铝合金的焊接接头焊缝两侧离焊缝中心约10～15mm的地方存在一对对称分布的软化区,其原因是由于焊接热的影响使该部位发生了过时效,对进口的6005A大型多孔铝型材焊接接头进行分析,发现焊接接头上软化区硬度降低的程度明显较小,这是由于实际的多孔型材在该部位设置有加强筋,加强筋有显著的散热作用,降低了焊接过程中该部位的温升,另一方面,加强筋增大了软化区的承载面积,有机构补强作用。     

Effect of Carbon Migration on Interface Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in 9Cr/CrMoV Dissimilar Welded Joint

Fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of 9Cr/CrMoV dissimilar welded joint at elevated temperature and different stress ratios was investigated. Attention was paid to the region near the fusion line of 9Cr where carbon-enriched zone (CEZ) and carbon-depleted zone (CDZ) formed due to carbon migration during the welding process. Hard and brittle tempered martensite dominated the stress ratio-insensitive FCG behavior in the coarse grain zone (CGZ) of 9Cr-HAZ. For crack near the CGZ-CEZ interface, crack deflection through the CEZ and into the CDZ was observed, accompanied by an accelerating FCG rate. Compared with the severe plastic deformation near the secondary crack in 9Cr-CGZ, the electron back-scattered diffraction analysis showed less deformation and lower resistance in the direction toward the brittle CEZ, which resulted in the transverse deflection. In spite of the plastic feature in CDZ revealed by fracture morphology, the less carbides due to carbon migration led to lower strength and weaker FCG resistance property in this region. In conclusion, the plasticity deterioration in CEZ and strength loss in CDZ accounted for the FCG path deflection and FCG rate acceleration, respectively, which aggravated the worst FCG resistance property of 9Cr-HAZ in the dissimilar welded joint.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of RAFM-316L Dissimilar Joints by Friction Stir Welding with Different Butt Joining Modes

Dissimilar welded joints of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel and 316L austenitic stainless steel were prepared by friction stir welding with different butt joining modes and welding parameters. The weld quality of the joint was improved by placing the 316L steel on the advancing side and the RAFM steel on the retreating side, and using a relatively high rotational speed of 400 rpm. The microstructure of the stir zone on the 316L steel side consisted of single-phase austenite, and the microstructure of the stir zone on the RAFM steel side mainly consisted of lath martensite and equiaxed ferrite. A mechanical mixture of the two steels and diffusion of Cr and Ni could be detected near the bonding interface. Diffusion of Ni from the 316L steel to the RAFM steel resulted in the formation of a dual-phase structure consisting of austenite and ferrite. The as-welded joints showed good strength and ductility at room temperature and 550 °C, which were nearly equal to those of the 316L base material. The heat-affected zone on the RAFM side had the lowest impact toughness throughout the weld with a value of 13.2 J at - 40 °C, ~ 52% that of the RAFM base material.