起落架摆振主动控制分岔研究

研究起落架摆振及其主动控制的非线性动力学问题。根据分岔理论,应用数值延拓算法求解参数化非线性摆振微分方程,得到摆振的Hopf分岔点(临界摆振速度)和摆振极限环的幅值,通过李亚普诺夫指数确定极限环的稳定性。在此基础上,提出采用主动控制策略抑制摆振,建立相应数学模型,应用数值延拓算法求解加入控制后的非线性摆振微分方程。结果表明,适当选取控制参数,在飞机滑跑速度范围内,应用主动控制策略可以达到完全抑制摆振的目的,并且对系统参数的变化具有强鲁棒性。     

轿车高速行驶方向盘摆振控制与工程应用

研究高速行驶方向盘摆振机理,控制策略,识别与测试方法。根据实际工程问题,建立某摆振车辆的多体仿真模型,分析方向盘摆振的影响因素及优化措施。为确定传递路径上各影响因素对摆振的影响程度,开展方向盘摆振对影响因素的灵敏度分析,结果表明前摆臂后衬套刚度、前摆臂前衬套刚度、副车架后衬套刚度是影响摆振的敏感因子。通过DOE正交试验优化系统衬套参数,该车方向盘摆振幅值降低近52%,有效地抑制摆振现象。最后开展实车道路试验,验证仿真分析的准确性。该研究提供一套行之有效的高速方向盘摆振控制方法,并取得良好的工程应用效果。     

基于时滞半主动控制的起落架摆振反共振峰优化EI北大核心CSCD

考虑在飞机起落架上加装磁流变减摆器并考虑摆振过程中存在的时滞问题,利用时滞半主动控制来达到降幅优化的目的。首先,为了排除量纲的影响使得到的结果更能描述客观普遍规律,对摆振方程组无量纲化处理后分析了无量纲磁流变阻尼器阻尼系数对摆振振幅的影响;然后,为了进一步降低幅值,设计优化准则将反共振峰幅值限制在足够小的范围内。在摆振方程组中引入时滞半主动控制项,提出了一种求解时滞动力学方程的特征方程的数学方法,利用时滞半主动控制可将反共振峰幅值控制在较低水平且几乎消除了第二个共振峰。最后,在频域和时域上做了验证与对比分析,证明了计算的正确性和时滞半主动控制减振效果的优越性。     

基于ODS与试验模态分析的方向盘摆振优化

分析了方向盘振动机理与控制方法.针对某款乘用车的转向系统进行了ODS(Operational Deflection Shape)分析与试验模态分析,找出了在高速行驶中方向盘摆振的激励源、传递路径及转向系统的结构弱点.从激励源、传递路径和接受体三方面来控制摆振.第一是控制轮胎动平衡参数,降低路面对轮胎的激励.第二是优化传动轴万向节,提高传递路径的隔振性能.第三是优化转向系统的结构弱点,提高其固有频率,使之与激励频率解耦.这项研究为分析方向盘高速摆振提供了一套有效方法,并取得了较好的优化效果.     

考虑摆振的裂纹转子的振动分析

以刚性支撑的水平Jeffcott裂纹转子为研究对象,在考虑了盘的摆振运动对裂纹转子运动的影响后,建立了裂纹转子运动微分方程,并采用数值计算及FFT等方法进行仿真模拟。模拟结果表明:在盘的摆振响应中具有与弯曲振动相同的频率成分,这些频率成分的相对幅值大小与弯曲振动的较为相似;摆振响应中还出现了弯曲振动响应所没有的高频分量,当转速增加时,尽管这种高频分量会有所减小,但仍会在频谱图中清晰可见;随着裂纹深度的增加,摆振响应中出现了更高倍频的频率成分。这对于裂纹转子的故障诊断具有参考价值。     

考虑间隙运动副耦合作用的车辆摆振动力学行为分析

车辆转向机构中各间隙运动副之间的动力学耦合会对其动力学响应产生重要影响。以考虑转向机构中间隙运动副耦合作用的非独立悬架车辆为例,基于分析力学建立了六自由度车辆摆振分析模型。应用数值方法分析了车辆摆振系统的动力学响应特性,对其中出现的Naimark-Sacker分岔、混沌等现象做了分析,并从能量传递角度对其摆振机理进行了解释,相关分析结论可为更好地实现车辆摆振控制提供理论支持。     

风力机叶片挥舞摆振气弹失稳分析

为避免风机叶片在强风作用下发生破坏,需对其采取停机保护措施。该文研究叶片处于非旋转状态时的挥舞摆振气弹失稳现象发生的条件。基于风力机叶片简化模型,采用迭代法求解叶片的自振频率及振型,建立了非旋转叶片挥舞摆振气弹效应响应的振型叠加法,该方法可以便捷地进行叶片多工况气动弹性响应分析。计算了在不同风速不同攻角条件下叶片的挥舞摆振气弹效应响应,得到了叶片挥舞摆振响应随风速和风攻角的变化规律以及不稳定风攻角的分布特征。结果表明：在某些风攻角下,风机叶片挥舞摆振失稳现象在风速较低的情况就有可能发生,其响应幅值与结构阻尼联系紧密。另外,挥舞摆振失稳会大大增加作用于叶片上的风荷载,并进一步造成叶片结构的损伤破坏。     

前轮摆振对车辆稳定性的影响及后轮反馈控制

建立包括转向系统的整车四自由度模型,分析摆振发生时转向系统刚度、阻尼对前轮摆振角、车辆横摆角速度、侧向加速度和侧倾角加速度的影响。为减小摆振对车辆稳定性的影响,应用最优控制对后轮进行反馈控制。结果表明:当摆振发生后,车辆侧向加速度和侧倾角加速度会产生较大波动,横摆角速度和侧倾角影响不大;转向系统阻尼对摆振的影响较大。采用对后轮的反馈控制可有效改善摆振发生时的车辆横向稳定性。     

联轴器扭转刚度对潜油电泵细长串联轴系扭振特性的影响研究

为解决在满负荷、长周期运行工况下潜油电泵下保护器轴易断裂的问题,以潜油电泵细长串联轴系为研究对象,分析联轴器扭转刚度对细长串联轴系扭振特性的影响.采用DyRoBeS软件构建细长串联轴系扭振模型,分析轴系扭振特性,结合扭转振型与模态扭应力分布,确定轴系下保护器轴退刀槽为危险截面,研究联轴器扭转刚度与该危险截面扭应力的关系...     

非接地负刚度动力吸振器动力学设计及优化

接地负刚度动力吸振器有着良好的振动控制效果,但是在实际工程应用中,负刚度元件往往无法与地面直接相连。提出一种非接地负刚度动力吸振器,根据所建理论模型,得到系统的频响函数,利用最大值最小化理论获得非接地负刚度动力吸振器的最优设计参数,并与其他典型的动力吸振器模型进行对比。计算结果表明,由于引入负刚度元件,非接地负刚度动力吸振器的振动控制效果显著优于传统线性动力吸振器,为负刚度动力吸振器的工程应用提供了一定理论参考。     

Failure analysis of nose landing gear assembly

This paper analyses the causes of the incident of an F-4 which landed abnormally due to a crack in the nose landing gear hydraulic actuator cylinder. Striations, typical of a fatigue crack, were observed on the fracture surface and a large quantity of corrosive oxide was detected in the initial stage of the crack. Furthermore, surface pits caused by corrosion were found inside the cylinder. A surface flaw of this kind was connected to the fracture surface as a microscopic crack. By analyzing the fractography and metallography of the failed parts, it is found that the cylinder pitted as a result of chemical reaction with internal fluids, the pitting became a microscopic crack and caused failure.     

Failure analysis of a nose landing gear fork

This paper presents a detailed analysis of a nose landing gear failure. The developed study comes following an accident occurred in which the nose of the landing gear's fork of a light aircraft failed during landing. According to Federal Aviation Administration, in average, 55% of aircraft failures occur during takeoff and landing.In order to determine the causes of the accident, a material analysis was performed, followed by a detailed study of the fracture's surface both visually and using optical and scanning electron microscopies. It was observed that fatigue cracks developed in the vicinity of the bolted holes, which work as supporting connections, on the topside of the nose fork and, as such, it can be concluded that the referred area was subjected to cyclic stresses originating and propagating cracks in the material. This cracking is characteristic of the existence of stress concentration areas. Identified the crack initiation zone with ratcheting and beach marks near the origin of the crack, combined with the fact that the nose wheel fork is subject to cyclic loading, leads to the conclusion that the component failed due to fatigue.Finite element analyses were also performed on the nose fork taking into account service conditions in order to assess the structural integrity of the component. During the analysis it was observed that the critical areas are located in the vicinity of the connecting holes, as it was observed in the fracture surface analysis. The assembly behavior in the presence of four straight cracks, originating from the fork holes, was also studied using the stress intensity factors, calculated using the contour integral method.     

飞机起落架用超高强度不锈钢的研究及应用进展

本文结合飞机起落架的设计理念,梳理了飞机起落架用超高强度钢及高强不锈钢的应用及发展历程,重点阐述了典型超高强度不锈钢的成分、组织和力学性能以及强韧化机理。建议通过材料热力学动力学计算创新设计新的超高强度不锈钢钢种;提出新型超高强度不锈钢的组织设计,将更关注多类型或高密度的共格析出强化以及高力学稳定性残余奥氏体的强韧化作用机制;最后指出采用最新的一些加工工艺技术,如等温多向锻造工艺技术,可显著提高超高强度不锈钢的综合力学性能。     

管簧式起落架落震试验及分析

为了获得管簧式起落架着陆性能的特点,设计了管簧式起落架落震试验,以获得相关的落震性能参数。同时设计了落震测试系统,并通过对起落架落震系统的测试,确定落震试验操作系统的可行性。通过改变管簧式起落架下落高度和投放质量以及机轮带转等参数,总结机轮所受的最大垂向力和起落架最大垂向位移的变化规律,得到管簧式起落架的相关落震性能参数,为起落架设计提供参考。     

Failure analysis of an aircraft nose landing gear piston rod end

A failure investigation has been conducted on a piston rod end used in a hydraulic actuating cylinder of an aircraft landing gear. The failed piston rod end was found to be broken. An evaluation of the failed piston rod end was undertaken to assess its integrity that included a visual examination, photo documentation, chemical analysis, hardness measurement, tensile testing, and metallographic examination. The failure zones were examined with the help of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with EDX facility. A stress analysis is also carried out by the finite element technique for the determination of highly stressed regions on the piston rod end. The results indicated that the piston rod end failed by fatigue with cracks initiated at the surface close to the mechanically damaged region due to high stress concentrations.     

基于虚拟样机技术的飞机起落架着陆载荷分析

起落架是飞机重要的承载机构,其在飞机的起飞、降落和着陆过程中担负着十分重要的作用。起落架着陆载荷是指在飞机着陆瞬间起落架所承受的地面载荷,根据位置的不同可分为轮胎接地点载荷、轮轴点载荷和交点载荷。飞机设计重量（包括空机重量、商载和燃油重量）的分布变化会对起落架着陆载荷产生影响。以典型民用飞机的起落架为研究对象,基于虚拟样机技术对起落架模型进行着陆分析。首先利用HyperMesh、MSC.Nastran软件对飞机起落架模型进行前处理和简化,然后根据中国民用航空规章运输类飞机适航标准相关条目要求,在MSC.ADAMS软件中设置相应的工况参数并进行起落架着陆动力学仿真分析,研究不同燃油密度下飞机的重量和重心变化对起落架轮轴点着陆载荷的影响。通过对比仿真结果可以发现：飞机的重量和重心变化对起落架轮轴点着陆载荷产生了明显的影响,而燃油密度变化对起落架轮轴点着陆载荷的影响较弱。研究结果可为今后有针对性地开展起落架着陆载荷计算提供参考和指导。     

基于可变形空腔的起落架舱体噪声抑制研究EI北大核心CSCD

提出了一种基于可变形空腔的起落架舱体结构,通过机械装置调节舱体底板及后壁倾斜角度,不需要额外增加舱体体积,使用声学有限元法探讨了该结构在低马赫数下的噪声抑制效果。研究发现:随着舱体后壁倾斜角度的增大,舱体内部及外部的噪声明显减小,同时模态频率逐渐增大,有助于避免舱体结构发生共振破坏;舱体后壁倾斜一个较小的角度就能有效地改善内部的声反射环境,进而抑制舱体内部的高频模态噪声、总声压级。当后壁倾斜角度大于某个临界值时,继续增大倾斜角度对于舱体内部高频模态噪声以及总声压级的抑制效果不再明显,在当前的仿真条件下,舱体后壁最佳倾斜角度范围为10°~16°。     

The effect of overloading sequences on landing gear fatigue damage

In service, landing gear can be subject to unexpected hard landing load, which is beyond the design domain. The consequences due to overload can affect the design life of a landing gear to some extent. In this paper, the effect of overload and different loading sequences in random spectra on fatigue damage are investigated, using strain–life based fatigue analysis methods. The discussions are emphasised on the effect of loading sequences on residual stress and mean stress, especially the effect of overload on the fatigue damage of subsequent cycles. In addition, different fatigue analysis techniques in commercial fatigue analysis packages are reviewed and compared. The analysis indicates that the overload effect is stress state dependent and dominated by local residual and mean stress. A ‘Begin’ overload in a load spectrum would cause more damage in the local compressive yield area and an ‘End’ overload within a spectrum will worsen the tensile yielding area. It is suggested that the load sequence effect should be considered in common fatigue analysis if local yielding would exist before or after overloading.     

大扁平比胎侧解析刚度建模及轮胎动力学分析EI北大核心CSCD

针对重载轮胎大扁平比结构建模问题,从动力学建模、实验模态分析、结构参数辨识等方面,基于解析弹性基础的欧拉梁模型,对重载轮胎的柔性胎体和大扁平比胎侧曲梁的低频动力学特性开展研究,建立了考虑充气预紧力的欧拉梁胎体模型,利用实验模态方法,探究了不同充气压力下的柔性胎体振动特性;考虑胎侧曲梁预紧力弦效应和结构弯曲效应,建立了大扁平比胎侧曲梁解析刚度模型;基于模态测试结果,进行柔性胎体与解析胎侧结构参数辨识。研究结果表明:在0~180 Hz频率范围内,重载轮胎以结构周向弯曲振动为主,可利用基于弹性基础的柔性梁模型表征;大扁平比胎侧曲梁的解析刚度与胎侧的几何、结构和充气压力参数直接相关;轮胎充气压力影响柔性胎体梁的轴向预紧力和胎侧的弦刚度,进而影响轮胎弯曲振动特性。